农学最新文献

{"title":"Design strategies and applications of fluorescent protein-based probes.","authors":"Ning Zhang, Ye Tian","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized cell biology research. By fusing fluorescent proteins with target proteins, fluorescent biosensors can be constructed to enable real-time monitoring of dynamic cellular events in live cells and organisms. The unique physicochemical properties of fluorescent proteins, such as spectral range, chromophore maturation speed, pH sensitivity, and stability, offer diverse options for probe design. Researchers have developed various fluorescent biosensors based on these properties to monitor distinct molecular events. This review systematically summarizes the main strategies for designing fluorescent protein probes and highlights their typical applications in biological research. It provides a reference for developing more efficient and specialized fluorescent probes to address complex biological questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"711-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on the construction of <i>Streptomyces</i> minimized genomes.","authors":"Hui Li, Li-Juan Guo, He-Xia Zhou, Chun-Yang Li, Jia-Lin Dai, Li-Zhu Shen, Rui Zhang, Feng-Hui Sun","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Streptomyces</i> provides a wealth of natural products with diverse structures, accounting for more than two-thirds of natural antibiotics. However, the original <i>Streptomyces</i> producers of desired natural products are technically challenging due to their harsh cultivation conditions, slow growth rate and intricate genetic backgrounds. Meanwhile, the metabolites of <i>Streptomyces</i> can also cause interference with the extraction of the target natural products. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an ideal <i>Streptomyces</i> chassis with characterization of clean metabolic background, fluent genetic manipulation, and higher success rate of biosynthetic gene cluster expressions, which can largely increase yield and reduce production costs of natural products. In this review, we summarize the recent development of the chassis in <i>Streptomyces</i> and its important roles in the excavation and production of natural products, with focus on its potential for discovery and synthesis of natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"756-767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential value of anoikis transcriptional signatures in predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Fu-Rong Cheng, Wen-Yu Song, Peng-Bo Cao, Gang-Qiao Zhou","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance to anoikis, a crucial factor in cancer cell survival, drives the development and progression of numerous malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver tumor characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis. However, the role of anoikis in HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify 74 anoikis-related genes (ARGs) differentially expressed in HCC using the transcriptional data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, we develop a prognostic model incorporating 9 of these genes through LASSO-Cox regression analysis, and confirm the model's independent prognostic significance for overall survival in HCC patients by using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Furthermore, we observe significant enrichment of activated proliferation-related pathways, increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in the high-risk group defined by this model. These findings suggest that the ARG model may serve as a novel prognostic indicator for HCC patients and underscore the critical role of anoikis in HCC progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"768-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in microRNA promoting gene expression.","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Yan Yu, Yong Ning, Qi-Wen Hong, Huai-Ping Shi","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs ranging from 20~24 nucleotides in length. Traditionally, miRNAs are considered to inhibit mRNA translation or promote mRNA degradation, thereby exerting a negative regulatory effect on gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) in the cytoplasm. However, this framework cannot fully explain the observed positive roles of certain miRNAs in gene regulation. Recent studies have identified mechanisms such as enhancer- and promoter-mediated transcriptional activation, as well as UTR-mediated translational activation, as key processes underlying the positive regulation of gene expression by miRNAs. Additionally, the subcellular distribution of miRNAs and specific physiological conditions can influence their functions. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and functions of miRNAs, with the goal of providing insights for future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"729-741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on rice mesocotyl elongation: germplasm mining, genetic mechanism and breeding prospect.","authors":"Hai-Bin Guo, Wei-Zhe Liu, Yao-Tao Bi, Hai-Tong Wang, Wen-Qin Miao, Rui-Han Shi, Xiang-Dong Liu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elongation of the rice mesocotyl is a crucial determinant influencing seedling emergence and early vigor in dry-direct seeding rice, offering significant theoretical and practical implications for direct-seeding research. Mesocotyl elongation is a complex process that involves the regulation of genetic factors, plant hormones, signaling molecules, and environmental influences. These factors interact and jointly determine the elongation of the mesoderm. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the research of long mesocotyl rice germplasm resources mining, the mapped and cloned mesocotyl elongation genes/QTLs, and the genetic mechanism and influencing factors of rice mesocotyl growth. Finally, the application of long-mesocotyl rice germplasm and its associated issues are examined and predicted to establish a foundation for rice genetic breeding and production applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"742-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of <i>Brassica</i> plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment.","authors":"Zhan-Jie Li, Qi Jia, Ting-Ting Zheng, Wei Wang, Chong Zhang, Yuan Qin","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Brassica</i> genus includes three diploid species and three amphidiploid species which were formed by the hybridization and genome duplication between pairs of the three diploid species. The evolution process of <i>Brassica</i> species has been used as a classic case to explain the mechanism of speciation and chromosome number variation in undergraduate genetics teaching. In this study, the authors designed a comprehensive experiment using <i>Brassica</i> plants as the experimental teaching material of genetics. The experimental system includes morphological observation, chromosome observation, and analysis of chromosome ploidy and karyotype. This experimental system includes experiments from macro to micro, will help students to understand the relationship between chromosome ploidy and speciation, and will help them to master the theory of polyploid formation and its application in breeding practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"813-820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and gene mapping of <i>hry1</i> mutant in rice.","authors":"Jia-Dan Chen, Tao Lin, Wan Wang, Cheng Jin, Jian-Ru Zuo, Jin-Qiang Nian","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of tillers, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of grains, which are interrelated, mutually restricted and mutually compensated. In addition, they mainly determine the grain yield per plant in rice; especially panicle number and grain number per panicle have a large negative correlation, so high yield can be obtained only in the case of coordinated development of all factors. Nevertheless, many of the modes that regulate rice grain number and grain size remain unexplained and require further study, owing to the complex regulatory modes within and among the pathways. In this study, two mutants of grain number have been identified in the background of KY131 (Kongyu131, an excellent <i>japonica</i> rice variety in Northeast of China) by EMS mutagens, named as <i>hry1-1</i> (<i>height, reduced tiller, yield 1-1</i>) and <i>hry1-2</i>. Compared with the wild type, the <i>hry1-1</i> and <i>hry1-2</i> mutants have excellent agronomic traits, including the plant height, yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per spike, grain length, grain width and grain thickness, while significantly decreased the number of tillers. Genetic analysis showed that <i>hry1-1</i> and <i>hry1-2</i> were allelic mutants or the same mutant, and the mutation in a recessive nuclear gene caused their phenotypes. The results of MutMap analysis based on resequencing and map cloning showed that the <i>HRY1</i> was located in the 576 kb physical interval between M33 and M28 markers on chromosome 1 in rice. Cytological analysis of young panicle and glume epidermis in <i>hry1</i> mutants indicated that <i>hry1</i> mutant have higher cell division frequency and cell size during differentiation of young panicle. In addition, the <i>hry1</i> mutants have significantly higher the expression levels of cyclin-related genes <i>CycAs</i>, <i>CycBs</i>, <i>CycDs</i> and <i>CDKs</i> than wild type, suggesting that <i>HRY1</i> may be involved in panicle development and yield formation by regulating cell division in rice. In summary, <i>HRY1</i> gene plays an important role in the regulation of the differentiation and development of panicle, which will provide a new idea for molecular design breeding to improve high and stable yield in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"797-812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of food preference behavior of <i>C. elegans to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> based on transcriptomics.","authors":"Jiao-Jiao Liu, Xin-He Lu, Hong-Yan Yin, Hai-Long Zhou, Han-Zeng Li, Shun-Qing Xu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>C. elegans</i> is one of the most important model organisms in biological research, exhibiting distinct preferences for bacterial food sources in natural environments. <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(Ac)</i> is a widely distributed Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in moist habitats. This study investigates the feeding preferences, pharyngeal pumping rates, body fat content, lifespan, and gene expression differences of <i>C. elegans</i> when fed different bacterial food sources. The results reveal that feeding on <i>Ac</i> induces lipid metabolism changes, leading to altered feeding preferences. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to compare the gene expression profiles of <i>C. elegans</i> fed on <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP50 and <i>Ac</i>, offers a novel perspective on the mechanisms underlying <i>C. elegans</i> microbe interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"786-796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological morphology and gene expression in the digestive system of Procambarus clarkii","authors":"Zonglin Yang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Hao ,&nbsp;Yufei Liu ,&nbsp;Xugan Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaowu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To unravel the intricate morphological structure and functional aspects of the digestive system in <em>Procambarus clarkii</em>, this study employed histology and transcriptome sequencing techniques for a comprehensive analysis of its digestive system. The investigation revealed that the digestive system of <em>P. clarkii</em> comprises the esophagus, stomach (including cardiac and pyloric regions), caeca, midgut, hindgut, and hepatopancreas. The esophageal lumen displayed an \"X\" shape, with clearly visible radial muscle bundles within the connecting tissues. The internal architecture of the stomach and intestines mirrored that of the esophagus. Notably, the pyloric region of the stomach exhibited a comb-like structure, which facilitated food selection and filtration. The caeca showcased a larger lumen within the intestines, while the hindgut displayed smaller folds. The hepatopancreas, representing the digestive glands, demonstrated predominant bilaterally symmetrical features, encompassing the midgut on both sides. It consisted of multi-stage branching hepatic ducts, crucial for digestion and absorption. Transcriptomic analysis of the digestive system revealed significant gene expression in the esophagus, stomach, caeca, midgut, hindgut, and hepatopancreas, with 23,006, 22,208, 23,485, 23,196, 22,781, and 21,375 genes expressed, respectively. Moreover, tissue-specific expression was observed in 161, 459, 374, 547, 337, and 1080 genes. Additionally, a subset of 447, 453, 553, 506, 433, and 711 genes exhibited high expression levels. Further analysis led to the identification of 36 digestive enzyme genes across six distinct digestive tissues, categorized into three groups: carbohydrate metabolism, lipid breakdown, and protein metabolism. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the morphological structure, gene expression characteristics, and classification of digestive enzyme genes in the digestive system of <em>P. clarkii</em>. These findings lay a solid foundation for future investigations on the digestive physiology and food digestion in <em>P. clarkii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 596-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation improves the survival, digestive and immunological parameters by promoting ammonia excretion in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), under ammonia nitrogen stress","authors":"Zhiqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Aoya Shi ,&nbsp;Mengjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiayi Chen ,&nbsp;Chao Niu ,&nbsp;Yameng Song ,&nbsp;Xueli Ma ,&nbsp;Yangyang Pang ,&nbsp;Xingliang Shi ,&nbsp;Yongxu Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia nitrogen is one of the most common environmental stress factors in aquaculture. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on ammonia metabolism, digestion and immune function as well as the protective effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) in the Chinese mitten crab (<em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>). Two feeds were used, namely a control feed (regular commercial feed) and an NCG feed (NCG (302.96 ± 4.07) mg/kg added). Subsequently, animals fed by these two feeds were exposed to 30 mg/L or 60 mg/L ammonia nitrogen stress (named A30 or A60) for 21 days, respectively. The rate of hemolymph ammonia excretion was significantly increased in NCG group compared to C (control) group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Hemolymph ammonia levels were significantly lower in NCG A30 (NCG feed and A30) and NCG A60 (NCG feed and A60) groups compared to A30 (control feed and A30) and A60 (control feed and A60) groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities in the gills and hepatopancreas of NCG A60 group were significantly increased compared with the A60 group, which promoted glutamine synthesis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The cumulative mortality rate of <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> in NCG A30 and NCG A60 groups were effectively reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The arginine levels of hepatopancreas were significantly increased in NCG A60 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Under ammonia nitrogen stress, NCG significantly increased the activities of trypsin, pepsin, lipase and α-Amylase in NCG feed group, and promoted feeding (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In hemolymph, hepatopancreas and intestine, NCG significantly increased nitric oxide synthase activity, lysozyme and phenol oxidase activities compared to the ammonia nitrogen stress group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The results indicated that, NCG added in feed could decelerate the toxic effects of ammonia on <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> by promoting ammonia excretion and accelerating glutamine and endogenous arginine synthesis by metabolism. Moreover, the activity of digestive enzymes and immune-related enzymes is improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 4","pages":"Pages 636-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}