农学最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in the study of 3' untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs.","authors":"Hao-Yu Luo, Xiao-Hong Yan, Fang Mu, Ning Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are a component of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and located at their 3'-most ends. 3'UTRs play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, regulating cleavage and polyadenylation, mRNA stability, mRNA translation and localization. With deepening research of the 3'UTRs, and with advent of various omics methods, a few unexpected functions of the eukaryotic 3'UTRs have been uncovered. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the study of 3'UTRs and propose the future research directions for studying the roles and mechanisms of the 3'UTRs, with the aim to provide a better reference for comprehensively investigating gene function and regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"616-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing safety and development: effective conservation and sustainable utilization of China's human genetic resources.","authors":"Min Zhu, Huan-Lu Tan, Tian-Yu Zhao, Lin-Xiao Wang, Miao Kuang, Jian-Zhong Shen","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-049","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of human genetic resources constitutes a critical part of the national biosafety system. Its importance increasingly underscored by rapid development in biotechnology. After years of efforts, China has established a relatively comprehensive management system in areas such as legal infrastructure, regulatory mechanisms, and the conservation and utilization of human genetic resources. Nevertheless, facing the new demands of industry development in the new era and new situation, China still encounters numerous problems in the management of human genetic resources, such as less effective protection, inadequate rational utilization, a shortage of specialized personnel, and insufficient regulatory capabilities. To address these problems, this article systematically reviews the development of China's human genetic resources management system, analyzes the current main risks and challenges, and proposes targeted policy recommendations to harmonize development with safety imperatives, thereby facilitating the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of human genetic resources in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"611-615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARC microbial inoculants promote peanut growth and yield while suppressing Aspergillus flavus infection","authors":"Gege Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruinan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Ma ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Hong ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Ling Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Tang ,&nbsp;Qin Han ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Peiwu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peanuts are important oilseed legume crops that are susceptible to contamination by <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> in soil, leading to serious economic losses. Previously, our research team developed the <em>Aspergillus-</em>Rihizobia coupling (ARC) microbial inoculants and found it can reduce <em>A. flavus</em> abundance in the soil and promote efficient nodulation in peanuts. However, the impact of ARC microbial inoculants on different resistant varieties of <em>A</em>. <em>flavus</em> remains unclear. In this study, we screened peanut varieties that were resistant and susceptible to <em>A. flavus</em> and evaluated their nodulation ability and growth performance after ARC microbial inoculants treatment in the field. The results demonstrated that the nodule number and nitrogenase activity of both varieties significantly increased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment, with the highly susceptible variety AH24 showing a greater increase. For photosynthetic parameters, both varieties also increased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment, but the increase was greater in the moderately resistant variety AH1 than in the highly susceptible variety AH24. Finally, we found that the yield and yield-related traits of the moderately resistant variety AH1 were better than those of the highly susceptible variety AH24. After ARC microbial inoculants treatment, the yield traits of both peanut varieties still increased significantly, but the degree of increase of the moderately resistant variety AH1 was smaller than that of the highly susceptible variety AH24. In addition, the abundance of <em>A. flavus</em> in the rhizosphere soil of the two varieties significantly decreased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment, with no significant difference between the varieties. These results indicated that ARC microbial inoculants exert differential effects on the nodulation and growth of different resistant peanut varieties and have a better effect on highly susceptible varieties. These results provide a solid theoretical basis for the efficient use of ARC microbial inoculants in the field of peanuts in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on the role of eicosanoids in insect immunity.","authors":"Yi-Min Zhao, Rui-Xuan Li, Zi-Yi Qin, Yong Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eicosanoids are synthesized from arachidonic acid, which are oxygenated metabolites of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids through cyclooxygenases (COXs) or lipoxygenases (LOXs). Eicosanoids include prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and leukotrienes (LTs), etc. Eicosanoids mediate a number of physiological processes in insects, such as Malpighian tubule and ovary development, or immune response. They play the important roles in regulating cellular immune processes to clear bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses by hemocytes and the humoral immune pathways. In this review, we summarize the pathways of eicosanoids synthesis, different types of insect immune response and relationship between eicosanoids and humoral immune system. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in insect immune system, and key enzymes or inhibitors in the pathway of eicosanoids synthesis, will provide theoretical guide for the research in pathogen and insects interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"636-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis and stress-responsive expression profiling of the LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) gene family in wild peanut","authors":"Jiang Huanhuan ,&nbsp;Chen Qiangbin ,&nbsp;Wang Tong ,&nbsp;Chen Gang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins generally accumulate in seeds during the later stages of maturation. Here we studied the LEA genes in two wild peanut species (<em>Arachis duranensis</em> and <em>Arachis ipaensis</em>) in an effort to create a genetic resource for peanut crop improvement. we identified 65 <em>AdLEA</em> and 69 <em>AiLEA</em> genes representing all 8 LEA subfamilies, which were unevenly distributed across 10 peanut chromosomes. The majority of LEA proteins were found to be highly hydrophilic. MEME analysis indicated that LEA gene motifs were conserved within groups, but not between groups. The LEA genes contained a diverse array of stress- and phytohormone-responsive <em>cis</em>-acting elements, with the <em>AdLEA2-20</em> and <em>AiLEA2-20</em> genes containing the greatest number of elements. Both <em>AdLEA2-20</em> and <em>AiLEA2-20</em> were upregulated in response to cold temperatures, drought, salinity, and abscisic acid exposure, although the dynamics were tissue-dependent. This study lays the foundation for future studies on the LEA gene family and abiotic stress in peanut, and our results will be invaluable for the genetic improvement of peanut by characterizing the genetic resources of wild peanut species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and progress of proximity labeling technology in the study of protein-protein interactions.","authors":"Xin-Ru Xu, Ben-Hua Qiu, Xiu-Min Yan","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-protein interactions are essential to almost all biological processes within cells. In recent years, proximity labeling technology has emerged as a cutting-edge approach for studying protein interactions and subcellular compartment proteomics. This technique enables labeling and capture of neighboring proteins by introducing chemical tags in the vicinity of a target protein. When combined with mass spectrometry, proximity labeling facilitates the effective identification of protein-protein interactions and proteomic landscapes of subcellular compartments with high spatiotemporal resolution. Compared to traditional methods, proximity labeling offers superior resolution, sensitivity, and real-time tracking capabilities，making it a powerful tool for investigating protein functions, interactions, and spatial proteomics within cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, classifications, and applications of proximity labeling technology, aiming to offer researchers valuable insights into this innovative methodology and to promote its broader application in cell biology, proteomics, and the study of disease mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"625-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis and identification of candidate genes for a narrow and long grain mutant (<i>nlg1</i>) in rice.","authors":"Nian Guo, Chen-Jie Wang, Zhao Li, Nan-Nan Han, Chen Zhou, Kai-Ying Wang, Ke Huang, Yong-Qing Pan, Ying-Jie Li, Yun-Hai Li","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grain size is one of the components that determine the rice yield. Exploring more key genes that regulating grain size and analyzing their molecular mechanisms are of great importance for precision breeding of rice. In this study, we screened a mutant <i>nlg1</i>(narrow and long <u>g</u>rain 1) with narrow and long grains by mutagenizing the japonica rice variety ZH11 with EMS. Observation and statistical analysis of the outer surface of the mature glume of <i>nlg1</i> by scanning electron microscopy revealed an increased number of longitudinal cells and a decreased number of transverse cells, along with a reduction in the width of transverse cells. These findings suggest that <i>NLG1</i> may regulate grain size by simultaneously influencing the proliferation and expansion of lemma cells. The candidate gene was cloned by genome resequencing combined with MutMap analysis method. The results showed that the candidate gene of LOC_Os09g27590 was the previous reported gene, <i>GS9</i>, which encodes a protein with unknown domains. In the <i>nlg1</i> mutant, a base C was inserted in the first exon of the candidate gene of LOC_Os09g27590, causing a frameshift mutation that leads to premature termination of protein translation. Further genetic complementation experiments showed that <i>NLG1</i> rescued the phenotype of the <i>nlg1</i> mutant. Therefore, this study identifies a novel <i>GS9</i> allele mutation, and further dissection of its molecular regulatory networks in grain size control can provides a theoretical support and genetic resources for precise rice breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"672-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 30-100 patrilineal nomenclature system for eastern Eurasian populations.","authors":"Hui-Xin Yu, Xian-Peng Zhang, Lan-Hai Wei","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the universality of human patrilineal societies, strict adherence to the patrilineal inheritance law, and a relatively fast mutation rate (about one new branch every 70 years), the non-recombining region of the human Y-chromosome (NRY) can rapidly accumulate specific patrilineal branches that are specific to certain region, population, family, and family branch, making the Y-chromosome one of the powerful tools for studying the evolutionary history of human populations. However, early studies typically only included a limited number of SNP loci, and the classification systems in different articles varied, resulting in insufficient resolution for the evolutionary process of populations. Since 2015, with the rapid accumulation of whole-genome sequence data, the resolution of the human Y chromosome phylogenetic tree at the population level has approached its limit. In this study, we analyze the relevant research on the human Y chromosome in the past 30 years. Based on the currently highly detailed data, we identify 50 major patrilineal types or founder patrilineal types that are directly related to the origin and evolution of 16 population groups in eastern Eurasia. Furthermore, we construct a 30-100 classification system that is compatible with the diverse traditional classification systems in the past 30 years and the current most detailed phylogenies. This system takes into account both the macroscopic genetic structure of eastern Eurasian populations over a timescale of tens of thousands of years and the specific lineages directly related to the several-thousand-year history of modern ethnic groups, laying the foundation for more precise studies of the evolutionary process of ancient and modern populations in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"660-671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of sulphur in oilseed production – A South Asian context","authors":"V. Visha Kumari ,&nbsp;K.A. Gopinath ,&nbsp;M.A. Sarath Chandran ,&nbsp;B. Sunitha ,&nbsp;K. Sriram ,&nbsp;M.A. Ansari ,&nbsp;M.S. Rao ,&nbsp;V.K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulphur (S) is essential for the quality of oilseed crops, ranking as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). While crops need sulphur in slightly lower amounts than phosphorus, maintaining optimum sulphur levels is crucial for oilseed yield and quality. Factors such as sulphur dynamics, impact of deficiency, application methods, and climate change must be addressed to improve agricultural practices. In South Asian countries like India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, oilseeds are vital to the agricultural economy, supporting food security, livelihoods, and economic growth. However, climate change, marginal land cultivation, and a shift to more profitable crops like wheat and maize have led to a decline in oilseed productivity. Sulphur is particularly important for vital plant functions, including protein synthesis, chlorophyll formation, and resistance to abiotic stress. Proper management of sulphur can significantly enhance the yield, oil content, and seed quality. Sulphur fertilization improves crop resilience to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses, resulting in healthier plants. To optimize oilseed production, best practices for sulphur management like integrated nutrient management, regular soil testing, and the strategic application of sulphur-enriched fertilizers must be adopted. Despite its significance, many South Asian soils suffer from sulphur deficiency due to inadequate replenishment and reliance on high-analysis fertilizers. By enhancing sulphur availability, oilseed producers can significantly increase crop yields, improve oil content, and promote overall plant health, contributing to the agricultural economy and food security in the region. This manuscript aims to evaluate the critical role of sulphur in enhancing the yield, oil quality, and stress resilience of oilseed crops in South Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building MAGIC populations: Novel resources for sunflower trait improvement","authors":"M. Domínguez ,&nbsp;D. Colombo ,&nbsp;C. Filippi ,&nbsp;E. Ben Guerrero ,&nbsp;A. Dillcheneider ,&nbsp;A. Corro Molas ,&nbsp;J. Montecchia ,&nbsp;M. Fass ,&nbsp;J. Lavandera ,&nbsp;C. Troglia ,&nbsp;V. Lia ,&nbsp;J. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;D. Alvarez ,&nbsp;G. Cervigni ,&nbsp;N. Paniego","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations improve the accuracy of quantitative trait loci mapping compared to biparental populations by increasing diversity and reducing linkage disequilibrium between variants. Here we describe the development of two MAGIC populations derived from a cross of 11 founder lines from the INTA (National Institute for Agricultural Technology in Argentina) sunflower breeding program. The founder lines are fertility maintainer inbred lines that exhibit genetic diversity in several traits, including flowering cycle, plant architecture, disease resistance, oil content and oil quality. The crossing scheme applied follows the design of two-way, four-way and eight-way crosses with a modification to increase the number of recombinations and shorten the linkage disequilibrium. Phenotyping a subset of F₂ families and F₅ lines for different traits shows an increase in the diversity of the analyzed traits compared to the parental lines. In addition, we identified lines with transgressive segregation for Sunflower Verticillium Wilt resistance. These results confirm that the MAGIC populations will serve as unique genetic and genomic resources to better characterize the genetics of complex traits and identify potentially superior alleles for sunflower breeding. It will also enrich the gene pool of fertility maintainers (A/B line) of the sunflower germplasm and facilitate the introduction of new breeding methods to select female parents for use in AxR combinations to obtain superior sunflower hybrids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}