遗传最新文献 - Book学术

Design and practice of educational experiments on genetic epistasis. 遗传表观性教育实验的设计与实践。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-248

Yi Shi, Yao Yu, Yi-Lin Lü, Hong Lü

{"title":"Design and practice of educational experiments on genetic epistasis.","authors":"Yi Shi, Yao Yu, Yi-Lin Lü, Hong Lü","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-248","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic epistasis is a fundamental concept in genetics that describes how interactions between genes determine phenotypic traits. To enhance students' understanding and practical application of genetic epistasis, this experiment is designed and conducted using gene mutations in the adenine biosynthesis pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). S. cerevisiae is a classic model organism for genetic teaching experiments. In its adenine biosynthesis pathway, a mutation in the ADE2 gene leads to the accumulation of the intermediate 5'-phosphoribosylaminoimidazole (AIR), causing the cells to appear red. However, if a gene upstream of ADE2 in the adenine biosynthesis pathway (such as ADE8) is defective, the red phenotype of yeast will disappear. Conversely, a defect in a gene downstream of ADE2 (such as ADE1) does not alter the red phenotype. Therefore, ADE8 is epistatic to ADE2. In this experiment, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology is employed, allowing students to perform single knockout of ade2Δ, as well as double knockouts of ade2Δade8Δ and ade2Δade1Δ in S. cerevisiae. By observing the phenotypic changes in yeast mutants from white to red and back to white, students gain a profound understanding of the basic genetic theory of how genes determine phenotypes and the concept of epistasis in gene interactions. This experiment also enables students to master fundamental yeast genetic techniques, significantly enhancing their ability to design and conduct experiments in real research environments. This is of great significance for their future research work and academic development.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 11","pages":"958-970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification and functional characterization of CD209 homologous genes in zebrafish. 斑马鱼 CD209 同源基因的鉴定和功能表征

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-181

Xiao-Jun Yang, Zhen-Han Huang, Wei Liu, Wen-Qing Zhang, Zhi-Bin Huang

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of CD209 homologous genes in zebrafish.","authors":"Xiao-Jun Yang, Zhen-Han Huang, Wei Liu, Wen-Qing Zhang, Zhi-Bin Huang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-181","url":null,"abstract":"Innate immune responses play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, their initiation closely related to pattern recognition receptors or damage-associated molecules on the surface of innate immune cells. CD209, a pattern recognition receptor on the surface of macrophages or dendritic cells, plays an important role in immune functions. However, the impact of CD209 on innate immune cells such as macrophages or neutrophils in vivo remains unclear. In this study, through multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction, three genes homologous to human CD209 were found in zebrafish. These are cd209(Ensembl ID:ENSDARG00000029461), zgc:174904(Ensembl ID:ENSDARG00000059049) and si:dkey-187I7.2(Ensembl ID: ENSDARG00000096624).Compared to the cd209 and si:dkey-187i8.2 genes in the Ensembl database, zgc:174904 is more similar to human CD209 in sequence. Using whole-mount in situ hybridization and fluorescence co-localization experiments, it was found that zgc:174904 is mainly expressed in macrophages. Further morpholino knockdown experiments showed that knocking down zgc:174904 leads to an upregulation of M1-type macrophage-related genes and a decrease in the number of mature neutrophils, indicating that zgc:174904 is functionally more similar to CD209. These findings not only reveal the potential role of CD209 in regulating macrophage function and neutrophil development but also provide significant insights for research into the mechanisms of innate immunity.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 11","pages":"947-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress on the mining of functional genes of Lonicera japonica. 忍冬功能基因的挖掘进展。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-190

Nan Sun, Lu-Yao Huang, Sheng Yang, Jia Li, Cong-Zhe Hou, Zhen-Hua Liu

{"title":"Progress on the mining of functional genes of Lonicera japonica.","authors":"Nan Sun, Lu-Yao Huang, Sheng Yang, Jia Li, Cong-Zhe Hou, Zhen-Hua Liu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-190","url":null,"abstract":"Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a semi-evergreen climbing shrub belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, whose dried flower buds or flowers on the verge of blooming are known as Jin Yin Hua in traditional Chinese medicine. This plant is not only a high-value and widely used medicinal material but also possesses characteristics that make it suitable for both medicinal and culinary purposes. Currently, there is a robust market demand for Jin Yin Hua, yet the breeding technology for new varieties of Lonicera japonica lags behind, necessitating the integration of modern breeding techniques. With the advancement of genomics in Lonicera japonica, an increasing number of functional genes have been identified, amassing a rich reservoir of genetic resources for molecular breeding of this species. In this review, we summarize the progress in Lonicera japonica genomics, functional gene mining, and the establishment of genetic transformation systems. In light of the existing challenges and deficiencies in the research of functional genes and quality breeding of Lonicera japonica, it is imperative to establish a germplasm resource bank, a mutant library, and an efficient genetic transformation system for this plant. Intensive research into the mining and identification of functional genes should be conducted, and molecular markers closely linked to the functional genes of Lonicera japonica should be developed. This will lay a foundational basis for the identification and cultivation of breakthrough varieties with superior qualities in Lonicera japonica.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 11","pages":"920-936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-localization signals enhance mitochondrial targeted presentation of engineered proteins. 双定位信号增强了线粒体对工程蛋白质的定向呈现。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-171

Bing-Qian Zhou, Shang-Pu Li, Xu Wang, Xiang-Yu Meng, Jing-Rong Deng, Jin-Liang Xing, Jian-Gang Wang, Kun Xu

{"title":"Dual-localization signals enhance mitochondrial targeted presentation of engineered proteins.","authors":"Bing-Qian Zhou, Shang-Pu Li, Xu Wang, Xiang-Yu Meng, Jing-Rong Deng, Jin-Liang Xing, Jian-Gang Wang, Kun Xu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-171","url":null,"abstract":"Effective delivery of engineered proteins into mitochondria is of great significance for developing efficient mitochondrial DNA editing tools and realizing accurate treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Here, the candidate genes, eGFP and Cas9, were engineered with different mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) sequences introduced at their up- or/and down-streams. The corresponding expression vectors for the engineered proteins were constructed respectively, and HEK293T cells were transfected with these vectors. The fluorescence colocalization and Western blotting assays were used to analyze the mitochondrial targeting presentation effect of different engineered proteins. The results demonstrated that the daul-MLS modification of the eGFP and Cas9 proteins significantly improved the efficiency of mitochondrial targeted presentation, compared with the engineered proteins with single MLS added. Hence, it is speculated that dual MLS strategy can enhance the mitochondrial targeting of engineered proteins, which lays a theoretical foundation for the future development of efficient mitochondrial DNA editing tools.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 11","pages":"937-946"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug resistance mechanism of anti-angiogenesis therapy in tumor. 肿瘤抗血管生成治疗的耐药机制。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-110

Xu Yan, Ying Guo, Dong-Lin Sun, Nan Wu, Yan Jin

{"title":"Drug resistance mechanism of anti-angiogenesis therapy in tumor.","authors":"Xu Yan, Ying Guo, Dong-Lin Sun, Nan Wu, Yan Jin","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-110","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis refers to the process of forming a new network of blood vessels from existing ones through the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of endothelial cells. This process is crucial for the growth and spread of solid tumors, particularly once the tumor volume exceeds 2 mm3, as the newly formed vascular network provides essential oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors to the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis therapy has become one of the commonly used targeted treatments for cancer in clinical practice. Bevacizumab, the first anti-angiogenesis drug, has been widely applied in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, due to acquired resistance, its efficacy is typically sustained for only 1 to 2 years. Despite the relative genomic stability of endothelial cells, which makes resistance less likely, various types of resistance phenomena have been observed in clinical practice, indicating that resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy remains a challenging research area. This review focuses on the latest advances in the mechanisms of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in tumors and explores new prospects for anti-tumor angiogenesis treatment, in order to provide strong theoretical support and guidance for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 11","pages":"911-919"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing pipelines and analytical methods for single-cell DNA methylation sequencing data. 单细胞 DNA 甲基化测序数据的处理管道和分析方法。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-154

Yan-Ni Wang, Jia Li

引用次数: 0

Computational dissection of the regulatory mechanisms of aberrant metabolism in remodeling the microenvironment of breast cancer. 通过计算剖析重塑乳腺癌微环境的异常代谢调控机制。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-167

Yu-Xin Wan, Xin-Yu Zhu, Yu Zhao, Na Sun, Tian-Tong-Fei Jiang, Juan Xu

{"title":"Computational dissection of the regulatory mechanisms of aberrant metabolism in remodeling the microenvironment of breast cancer.","authors":"Yu-Xin Wan, Xin-Yu Zhu, Yu Zhao, Na Sun, Tian-Tong-Fei Jiang, Juan Xu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-167","url":null,"abstract":"The composition of T cell subsets and tumor-specific T cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to the heterogeneity observed in breast cancer. Moreover, aberrant tumor metabolism is often intimately linked to dysregulated anti-tumor immune function of T cells. Identifying key metabolic genes that affect immune cell interactions thus holds promise for uncovering potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of breast cancer. This study leverages single-cell transcriptomic data from breast cancer to investigate tumor-specific T-cell subsets and their interacting subnetworks in the TME during cancer progression. We further assess the metabolic pathway activities of tumor-specifically activated T-cell subsets. The results reveal that metabolic pathways involved in insulin synthesis, secretion, degradation, as well as fructose catabolism, significantly influence multiple T cell interactions. By integrating the metabolic pathways that significantly up-regulate T cells in tumors and influence their interactions, we identify key abnormal metabolic genes associated with T-cell collaboration and further develop a breast cancer risk assessment model. Additionally, using gene expression profiles of prognosis-related genes significantly associated with aberrant metabolism and drug IC50 values, we predict targeted drugs, yielding potential candidates like GSK-J4 and PX-12. This study integrate the analysis of abnormal T-cell interactions and metabolic pathway abnormalities in the breast cancer TME, elucidating their roles in cancer progression and providing leads for novel breast cancer therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 10","pages":"871-885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning applications in breast cancer survival and therapeutic outcome prediction based on multi-omic analysis. 基于多组学分析的机器学习在乳腺癌生存和治疗效果预测中的应用。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-156

Zi-Yi Zhang, Qi-Lin Wang, Jun-You Zhang, Ying-Ying Duan, Jia-Xin Liu, Zhao-Shuo Liu, Chun-Yan Li

{"title":"Machine learning applications in breast cancer survival and therapeutic outcome prediction based on multi-omic analysis.","authors":"Zi-Yi Zhang, Qi-Lin Wang, Jun-You Zhang, Ying-Ying Duan, Jia-Xin Liu, Zhao-Shuo Liu, Chun-Yan Li","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-156","url":null,"abstract":"The high heterogeneity within and between breast cancer patients complicates treatment determination and prognosis assessment. Treatment decision-making is influenced by various factors, such as tumor subtype, histological grade, and genotype, necessitating personalized treatment strategies. Prognostic outcomes vary significantly depending on patient-specific conditions. As a critical branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning efficiently handles large datasets and automates decision-making processes. The introduction of machine learning offers new solutions for breast cancer treatment selection and prognosis assessment. In the field of cancer therapy, traditional methods for predicting treatment and survival outcomes often rely on single or few biomarkers, limiting their ability to capture the complexity of biological processes comprehensively. Machine learning analyzes patients' multi-omic data and the intricate patterns of variations during cancer initiation and progression to predict patients' survival and treatment outcomes. Consequently, it facilitates the selection of appropriate therapeutic interventions to implement early intervention and improve treatment efficacy for patients. Here, we first introduce common machine learning methods, and then elaborate on the application of machine learning in the field of survival prediction and prognosis from two aspects: evaluating survival and predicting treatment outcomes for breast cancer patients. The aim is to provide breast cancer patients with precise treatment strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 10","pages":"820-832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in high throughput sequencing methods for DNA damage and repair. DNA 损伤和修复高通量测序方法的进展。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-203

Yu Liang, Wei Wu

引用次数: 0

Application of Mendelian randomization analysis in investigating the genetic background of blood biomarkers for colorectal cancer. 应用孟德尔随机分析法研究结直肠癌血液生物标志物的遗传背景。

遗传 Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.16288/j.yczz.24-179

Xin-Kun Wan, Shi-Cheng Yu, Song-Qing Mei, Wen Zhong

{"title":"Application of Mendelian randomization analysis in investigating the genetic background of blood biomarkers for colorectal cancer.","authors":"Xin-Kun Wan, Shi-Cheng Yu, Song-Qing Mei, Wen Zhong","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-179","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignancy affecting the colon and rectum, ranks as the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early detection of CRC is crucial for preventing metastasis, reducing mortality, improving prognosis, and enhancing patients' quality of life. Genetic factors play a significant role in CRC development, accounting for up to 35% of the disease risk. Genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci associated with CRC risk. However, these studies often lack direct evidence of causality. While traditional blood biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are widely used for CRC diagnosis and monitoring, their sensitivity and accuracy in early diagnosis are limited. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop new biomarkers that reflect the genetic background of CRC to improve early detection and diagnostic accuracy. In addition, understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying these biomarkers is essential for elucidating CRC pathogenesis and developing precise personalized treatment strategies. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, as an emerging epidemiological tool, can accurately assess the causal relationship between genetic variations and diseases by reducing confounding biases in observational studies. MR analysis has been applied in evaluating the causal impact of various blood biomarkers on CRC risk, shedding lights on the potential causal relationships between these biomarkers and CRC pathogenesis in the context of genetic background. In this review, we summarize the applications of MR analysis in studies of blood biomarkers for CRC, aiming to enhance the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of CRC.","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"46 10","pages":"833-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0