遗传最新文献

{"title":"Design strategies and applications of fluorescent protein-based probes.","authors":"Ning Zhang, Ye Tian","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized cell biology research. By fusing fluorescent proteins with target proteins, fluorescent biosensors can be constructed to enable real-time monitoring of dynamic cellular events in live cells and organisms. The unique physicochemical properties of fluorescent proteins, such as spectral range, chromophore maturation speed, pH sensitivity, and stability, offer diverse options for probe design. Researchers have developed various fluorescent biosensors based on these properties to monitor distinct molecular events. This review systematically summarizes the main strategies for designing fluorescent protein probes and highlights their typical applications in biological research. It provides a reference for developing more efficient and specialized fluorescent probes to address complex biological questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"711-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on the construction of <i>Streptomyces</i> minimized genomes.","authors":"Hui Li, Li-Juan Guo, He-Xia Zhou, Chun-Yang Li, Jia-Lin Dai, Li-Zhu Shen, Rui Zhang, Feng-Hui Sun","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Streptomyces</i> provides a wealth of natural products with diverse structures, accounting for more than two-thirds of natural antibiotics. However, the original <i>Streptomyces</i> producers of desired natural products are technically challenging due to their harsh cultivation conditions, slow growth rate and intricate genetic backgrounds. Meanwhile, the metabolites of <i>Streptomyces</i> can also cause interference with the extraction of the target natural products. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an ideal <i>Streptomyces</i> chassis with characterization of clean metabolic background, fluent genetic manipulation, and higher success rate of biosynthetic gene cluster expressions, which can largely increase yield and reduce production costs of natural products. In this review, we summarize the recent development of the chassis in <i>Streptomyces</i> and its important roles in the excavation and production of natural products, with focus on its potential for discovery and synthesis of natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"756-767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential value of anoikis transcriptional signatures in predicting prognosis and immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Fu-Rong Cheng, Wen-Yu Song, Peng-Bo Cao, Gang-Qiao Zhou","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance to anoikis, a crucial factor in cancer cell survival, drives the development and progression of numerous malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver tumor characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis. However, the role of anoikis in HCC remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify 74 anoikis-related genes (ARGs) differentially expressed in HCC using the transcriptional data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, we develop a prognostic model incorporating 9 of these genes through LASSO-Cox regression analysis, and confirm the model's independent prognostic significance for overall survival in HCC patients by using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Furthermore, we observe significant enrichment of activated proliferation-related pathways, increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in the high-risk group defined by this model. These findings suggest that the ARG model may serve as a novel prognostic indicator for HCC patients and underscore the critical role of anoikis in HCC progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"768-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in microRNA promoting gene expression.","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Yan Yu, Yong Ning, Qi-Wen Hong, Huai-Ping Shi","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs ranging from 20~24 nucleotides in length. Traditionally, miRNAs are considered to inhibit mRNA translation or promote mRNA degradation, thereby exerting a negative regulatory effect on gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) in the cytoplasm. However, this framework cannot fully explain the observed positive roles of certain miRNAs in gene regulation. Recent studies have identified mechanisms such as enhancer- and promoter-mediated transcriptional activation, as well as UTR-mediated translational activation, as key processes underlying the positive regulation of gene expression by miRNAs. Additionally, the subcellular distribution of miRNAs and specific physiological conditions can influence their functions. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and functions of miRNAs, with the goal of providing insights for future research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"729-741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on rice mesocotyl elongation: germplasm mining, genetic mechanism and breeding prospect.","authors":"Hai-Bin Guo, Wei-Zhe Liu, Yao-Tao Bi, Hai-Tong Wang, Wen-Qin Miao, Rui-Han Shi, Xiang-Dong Liu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elongation of the rice mesocotyl is a crucial determinant influencing seedling emergence and early vigor in dry-direct seeding rice, offering significant theoretical and practical implications for direct-seeding research. Mesocotyl elongation is a complex process that involves the regulation of genetic factors, plant hormones, signaling molecules, and environmental influences. These factors interact and jointly determine the elongation of the mesoderm. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the research of long mesocotyl rice germplasm resources mining, the mapped and cloned mesocotyl elongation genes/QTLs, and the genetic mechanism and influencing factors of rice mesocotyl growth. Finally, the application of long-mesocotyl rice germplasm and its associated issues are examined and predicted to establish a foundation for rice genetic breeding and production applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"742-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of <i>Brassica</i> plants as materials during the teaching of genetics experiment.","authors":"Zhan-Jie Li, Qi Jia, Ting-Ting Zheng, Wei Wang, Chong Zhang, Yuan Qin","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Brassica</i> genus includes three diploid species and three amphidiploid species which were formed by the hybridization and genome duplication between pairs of the three diploid species. The evolution process of <i>Brassica</i> species has been used as a classic case to explain the mechanism of speciation and chromosome number variation in undergraduate genetics teaching. In this study, the authors designed a comprehensive experiment using <i>Brassica</i> plants as the experimental teaching material of genetics. The experimental system includes morphological observation, chromosome observation, and analysis of chromosome ploidy and karyotype. This experimental system includes experiments from macro to micro, will help students to understand the relationship between chromosome ploidy and speciation, and will help them to master the theory of polyploid formation and its application in breeding practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"813-820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and gene mapping of <i>hry1</i> mutant in rice.","authors":"Jia-Dan Chen, Tao Lin, Wan Wang, Cheng Jin, Jian-Ru Zuo, Jin-Qiang Nian","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.25-084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of tillers, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of grains, which are interrelated, mutually restricted and mutually compensated. In addition, they mainly determine the grain yield per plant in rice; especially panicle number and grain number per panicle have a large negative correlation, so high yield can be obtained only in the case of coordinated development of all factors. Nevertheless, many of the modes that regulate rice grain number and grain size remain unexplained and require further study, owing to the complex regulatory modes within and among the pathways. In this study, two mutants of grain number have been identified in the background of KY131 (Kongyu131, an excellent <i>japonica</i> rice variety in Northeast of China) by EMS mutagens, named as <i>hry1-1</i> (<i>height, reduced tiller, yield 1-1</i>) and <i>hry1-2</i>. Compared with the wild type, the <i>hry1-1</i> and <i>hry1-2</i> mutants have excellent agronomic traits, including the plant height, yield per plant, panicle length, number of grains per spike, grain length, grain width and grain thickness, while significantly decreased the number of tillers. Genetic analysis showed that <i>hry1-1</i> and <i>hry1-2</i> were allelic mutants or the same mutant, and the mutation in a recessive nuclear gene caused their phenotypes. The results of MutMap analysis based on resequencing and map cloning showed that the <i>HRY1</i> was located in the 576 kb physical interval between M33 and M28 markers on chromosome 1 in rice. Cytological analysis of young panicle and glume epidermis in <i>hry1</i> mutants indicated that <i>hry1</i> mutant have higher cell division frequency and cell size during differentiation of young panicle. In addition, the <i>hry1</i> mutants have significantly higher the expression levels of cyclin-related genes <i>CycAs</i>, <i>CycBs</i>, <i>CycDs</i> and <i>CDKs</i> than wild type, suggesting that <i>HRY1</i> may be involved in panicle development and yield formation by regulating cell division in rice. In summary, <i>HRY1</i> gene plays an important role in the regulation of the differentiation and development of panicle, which will provide a new idea for molecular design breeding to improve high and stable yield in rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"797-812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of food preference behavior of <i>C. elegans to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> based on transcriptomics.","authors":"Jiao-Jiao Liu, Xin-He Lu, Hong-Yan Yin, Hai-Long Zhou, Han-Zeng Li, Shun-Qing Xu","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>C. elegans</i> is one of the most important model organisms in biological research, exhibiting distinct preferences for bacterial food sources in natural environments. <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(Ac)</i> is a widely distributed Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in moist habitats. This study investigates the feeding preferences, pharyngeal pumping rates, body fat content, lifespan, and gene expression differences of <i>C. elegans</i> when fed different bacterial food sources. The results reveal that feeding on <i>Ac</i> induces lipid metabolism changes, leading to altered feeding preferences. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to compare the gene expression profiles of <i>C. elegans</i> fed on <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP50 and <i>Ac</i>, offers a novel perspective on the mechanisms underlying <i>C. elegans</i> microbe interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 7","pages":"786-796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the study of 3' untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs.","authors":"Hao-Yu Luo, Xiao-Hong Yan, Fang Mu, Ning Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are a component of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and located at their 3'-most ends. 3'UTRs play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, regulating cleavage and polyadenylation, mRNA stability, mRNA translation and localization. With deepening research of the 3'UTRs, and with advent of various omics methods, a few unexpected functions of the eukaryotic 3'UTRs have been uncovered. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the study of 3'UTRs and propose the future research directions for studying the roles and mechanisms of the 3'UTRs, with the aim to provide a better reference for comprehensively investigating gene function and regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"616-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonizing safety and development: effective conservation and sustainable utilization of China's human genetic resources.","authors":"Min Zhu, Huan-Lu Tan, Tian-Yu Zhao, Lin-Xiao Wang, Miao Kuang, Jian-Zhong Shen","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-049","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.25-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of human genetic resources constitutes a critical part of the national biosafety system. Its importance increasingly underscored by rapid development in biotechnology. After years of efforts, China has established a relatively comprehensive management system in areas such as legal infrastructure, regulatory mechanisms, and the conservation and utilization of human genetic resources. Nevertheless, facing the new demands of industry development in the new era and new situation, China still encounters numerous problems in the management of human genetic resources, such as less effective protection, inadequate rational utilization, a shortage of specialized personnel, and insufficient regulatory capabilities. To address these problems, this article systematically reviews the development of China's human genetic resources management system, analyzes the current main risks and challenges, and proposes targeted policy recommendations to harmonize development with safety imperatives, thereby facilitating the effective conservation and sustainable utilization of human genetic resources in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"611-615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}