Biomacromolecules最新文献

{"title":"Innovative Use of an Injectable, Self-Healing Drug-Loaded Pectin-Based Hydrogel for Micro- and Supermicro-Vascular Anastomoses.","authors":"Banu Kocaaga, Tugce Inan, Nesrin İsil Yasar, Can Ege Yalcin, Fethiye Aylin Sungur, Ozge Kurkcuoglu, Anil Demiroz, Hasan Komurcu, Osman Kizilkilic, Servet Yekta Aydin, Ovgu Aydin Ulgen, Fatma Seniha Güner, Hakan Arslan","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microvascular surgery plays a crucial role in reconnecting micrometer-scale vessel ends. Suturing remains the gold standard technique for small vessels; however, suturing the collapsed lumen of microvessels is challenging and time-consuming, with the risk of misplaced sutures leading to failure. Although multiple solutions have been reported, the emphasis has predominantly been on resolving challenges related to arteries rather than veins, and none has proven superior. In this study, we introduce an innovative solution to address these challenges through the development of an injectable lidocaine-loaded pectin hydrogel by using computational and experimental methods. To understand the extent of interactions between the drug and the pectin chain, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics (QM) calculations were conducted in the first step of the research. Then, a series of experimental studies were designed to prepare lidocaine-loaded injectable pectin-based hydrogels, and their characterization was performed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and rheological analysis. After all the results were evaluated, the drug-loaded pectin-based hydrogel exhibiting self-healing properties was selected as a potential candidate for <i>in vivo</i> studies to determine its performance during operation. In this context, the hydrogel was injected into the divided vessel ends and perivascular area, allowing for direct suturing through the gel matrix. While our hydrogel effectively prevented vasospasm and facilitated micro- and supermicro-vascular anastomoses, it was noted that it did not cause significant changes in late-stage imaging and histopathological analysis up to 6 months. We strongly believe that pectin-based hydrogel potentially enhanced microlevel arterial, lymphatic, and particularly venous anastomoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bletilla striata</i> Polysaccharide-Containing Carboxymethyl Cellulose Bilayer Structure Membrane for Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion and Achilles Tendon Repair.","authors":"Zhi-Yu Chen, Shih-Heng Chen, Shih-Hsien Chen, Pang-Yun Chou, Che-Yung Kuan, I-Hsuan Yang, Chia-Tien Chang, Yi-Chun Su, Feng-Huei Lin","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postoperative tissue adhesion and poor tendon healing are major clinical problems associated with tendon surgery. To avoid postoperative adhesion and promote tendon healing, we developed and synthesized a membrane to wrap the surgical site after tendon suturing. The bilayer-structured porous membrane comprised an outer layer [1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether cross-linked with carboxymethyl cellulose (CX)] and an inner layer [1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether cross-linked with <i>Bletilla striata</i> polysaccharides and carboxymethyl cellulose (CXB)]. The morphology, chemical functional groups, and membrane structure were determined. In vitro experiments revealed that the CX/CXB membrane demonstrated good biosafety and biodegradability, promoted tenocyte proliferation and migration, and exhibited low cell attachment and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, in in vivo animal study, the CX/CXB membrane effectively reduced postoperative tendon-peripheral tissue adhesion and improved tendon repair, downregulating inflammatory cytokines in the tendon tissue at the surgical site, which ultimately increased tendon strength by 54% after 4 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Photo-Cross-Linkable Hydrogel of Gallic Acid-Chitosan Methacrylate: Synthesis, <i>In Vitro</i>, and <i>In Vivo</i> Assessments.","authors":"Yifan Lu, Xiangxin Lou, Jia Jiang, Jiaxing Wang, Xiaochun Peng, Haochen Yao, Jinglei Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitosan (CS)-based photo-cross-linkable hydrogels have gained increasing attention in biomedical applications. In this study, we grafted CS with gallic acid (GA) by carbodiimide chemistry to prepare the GA-CS conjugate, which was subsequently modified with methacrylic anhydride (MA) modification to obtain the methacrylated GA-CS conjugate (GA-CS-MA). Our results demonstrated that the GA-CS-MA hydrogel not only exhibited improved physicochemical properties but also showed antibacterial, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory capacity. It showed moderate antibacterial activity and especially showed a more powerful inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacteria. It modulated macrophage polarization, downregulated pro-inflammatory gene expression, upregulated anti-inflammatory gene expression, and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Subcutaneously implanted GA-CS-MA hydrogels induced significantly lower inflammatory responses, as evidenced by less inflammatory cell infiltration, thinner fibrous capsule, and predominately promoted M2 polarization. This study provides a feasible strategy to prepare CS-based photo-cross-linkable hydrogels with improved physicochemical properties for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Interaction between Polysaccharide-Based Extracellular Matrix and Mineralized Osteoblast-Derived EVs Promotes Bone Regeneration via miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Axis.","authors":"Sasmita Samal, Debyashreeta Barik, Sharmishtha Shyamal, Sarita Jena, Amaresh C Panda, Mamoni Dash","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone progenitor cells are advantageous as cell-free and non-immunogenic cargo delivery vehicles. In this study, EVs are isolated from MC3T3-E1 cells before (GM-EVs) and after mineralization for 7 and 14 days (DM-EVs). It was observed that DM-EVs accelerate the process of differentiation in recipient cells more prominently. The small RNA sequencing of EVs revealed that miR-204-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-148a-3p are among the highly upregulated miRNAs that have an inhibitory effect on the function of mRNAs, Sox11, Timp3, and Ccna2 in host cells, which is probably responsible for enhancing the activity of osteoblastic genes. To enhance the bioavailability of EVs, they are encapsulated in a chitosan-collagen composite hydrogel that serves as a bioresorbable extracellular matrix (ECM). The EVs-integrated scaffold (DM-EVs + Scaffold) enhances bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial bone defects in rats within 8 weeks of implantation by providing the ECM cues. The shelf life of DM-EVs + Scaffold indicates that the bioactivity of EVs and their cargo in the polymer matrix remains intact for up to 30 days. Integrating mineralized cell-derived EVs into an ECM represents a bioresorbable matrix with a cell-free method for promoting new bone formation through the miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Vancomycin-Containing Antibacterial Polysaccharide Gels for Biocomposite Bone Implant Impregnation.","authors":"Tatiana Seregina, Ilya Shelomentsev, Efrem Krivoborodov, Anna Vaniushenkova, Ilya Toropygin, Alexander Dyatlov, Nikolay Lukashov, Valerie Dyatlov","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymeric drugs containing up to 60% by weight of the antibiotic vancomycin were synthesized based on dextran carriers activated with epichlorohydrin. Vancomycin was covalently bound, involving the primary amino group of the molecule through the hydroxypropyl radical to the C6 position of the anhydroglucose units of the dextran main chain. Covalent binding is necessary to prevent spontaneous release of the antibiotic from the gel, thereby reducing the risk of bacterial multiresistance. Antibacterial depot gels were obtained from those polymers, containing up to 17.5% by weight of polysaccharide with a cross-linking density of <i>q</i> = 3-5 nodes per macromolecule for the deposition of another type of drugs not covalently bound to the polymer gel. They were used to coat the surface of the internal pores of biocomposite bone implants based on bovine cancellous bone used in orthopedics. The chemical structure of the polymer was studied using ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The stiffness of the gels was evaluated by the values of the accumulation modulus <i>G</i>' = 170-270 kPa and the loss modulus <i>G</i>″ = 3.7-4.2 kPa determined on a rheometer. Their values are close to those typical for materials used to replace soft tissue in plastic surgery. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the gels against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>P209</i> depends on the antibiotic content in the polymer. It equals 2.5 mg/L for vancomycin we used and 100 mg/L for a polymer containing 50% by weight of covalently bound antibiotic. The cytotoxic concentration measured with cell culture <i>HEK 293T</i> exceeds 1200 mg/L in 24 h exposure. The release dynamics of drugs not covalently bound to dextran from the depot gel were studied using fluorescein as a model. The release time is independent of the gel density and lasts up to 6 days for a 2 mm thick layer. Both the gel and the bone implants impregnated with it maintained consistently high antibacterial activity throughout the experiment, up to its completion after 168 h, with the local concentration of the released antibiotic at the site of bacterial attack exceeding the therapeutic level by 200 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Vitamin-<i>g</i>-Lignin Nanohybrids with Excellent Biological Activity and Fluorescence Performance.","authors":"Weijun Yang, Xujing Zhang, Ying Zhang, Daqian Gao, Debora Puglia, Pengwu Xu, Piming Ma","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a natural renewable biomacromolecule, lignin has some inherently interesting properties such as fluorescence, antioxidation, and antibacterial performance. However, the unsatisfactory fluorescence and biological activities have greatly limited their value-added and large-scale applications. In this work, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) grafted with vitamin B₁ hybrid nanoparticles (LEVs) were obtained by using ethylenediamine and different contents of vitamin B₁ through a simple hydrothermal method. The chemical structure, fluorescence properties, and bioactivity were characterized to assess the effects of ethylenediamine and vitamin B₁ on the properties of LEVs. It was found that the fluorescence performance of synthesized LEV particles was improved with the increase in the amount of vitamin B₁. The free radical scavenging rate (RSA, %) increased to 97.8%, while the antibacterial rates reached up to 99.9%. The antibacterial activity of LEV involved multiple combined mechanisms. The introduction of imine, amide groups, and positively charged VB₁ of LEV will make it easier to interact with the negatively charged bacterial phospholipid membranes and cause bacterial lysis and death. Then, the PVA/LEV hydrogel composites were prepared by the freezing-thawing method, and the results showed that PVA/LEV hydrogels had more comprehensive performance such as improved mechanical properties and antioxidant and antibacterial activities, resulting in its great potential to be used as an efficient biomedical material.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatically Oxidized Carbohydrates As Dicarbonyl Biobased Cross-Linkers for Polyamines.","authors":"Owen M Mototsune, Sung Hwa Hong, Hani E Naguib, Emma R Master","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbonyl cross-linkers are used to modify textiles and form resins, and are produced annually in megatonne volumes. Due to their toxicity toward the environment and human health, however, less harmful biobased alternatives are needed. This study introduces carbonyl groups to lactose and galactose using galactose oxidase from <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (<i>Fgr</i>GalOx) and pyranose dehydrogenase from <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (<i>Ab</i>PDH1) to produce four cross-linkers. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to compare cross-linker reactivity, most notably resulting in a 34 °C decrease in reaction peak temperature (72 °C) for <i>Fgr</i>GalOx-oxidized galactose compared to unmodified galactose. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy were used to verify imine formation and amine and aldehyde depletion. Cross-linkers were shown to form gels when mixed with polyallylamine, with <i>Fgr</i>GalOx-oxidized lactose forming gels more effectively than all other cross-linkers, including glutaraldehyde. Further development of carbohydrate cross-linker technologies could lead to their adoption in various applications, including in adhesives, resins, and textiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remendable Cross-Linked Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogels Incorporating Nanofibers for Wound Repair and Regeneration.","authors":"Changgi Hong, Haeun Chung, Gyubok Lee, Dongwoo Kim, Zhuomin Jiang, Sang-Heon Kim, Kangwon Lee","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound dressings made from natural-derived polymers are highly valued for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biofunctionality. However, natural polymer-based hydrogels can come with their own set of limitations, such as low mechanical strength, limited cell affinity, and the potential cytotoxicity of cross-linkers, which delineate the boundaries of their usage and hamper their practical application. To overcome the limitation of natural-derived polymers, this study utilized a mixture of oxidized alginate and gelatin with 5 mg/mL polycaprolactone (PCL):gelatin nanofiber fragments at a ratio of 7:3 (OGN-7) to develop a hydrogel composite wound dressing that can be injected and has the ability to be remended. The in situ formation of the remendable hydrogel is facilitated by dual cross-linking of oxidized alginate chains with gelatin and PCL/gelatin nanofibers through Schiff-base mechanisms, supported by the physical integration of nanofibers, thereby obviating the need for additional cross-linking agents. Furthermore, OGN-7 exhibits increased stiffness (γ = 79.4-316.3%), reduced gelation time (543 ± 5 to 475 ± 5 s), improved remendability of the hydrogel, and excellent biocompatibility. Notably, OGN-7 achieves full fusion within 1 h of incubation and maintains structural integrity under external stress, effectively overcoming the inherent mechanical weaknesses of natural polymer-based dressings and enhancing biofunctionality. The therapeutic efficacy of OGN-7 was validated through a full-thickness <i>in vivo</i> wound healing analysis, which demonstrated that OGN-7 significantly accelerates wound closure compared to alginate-based dressings and control groups. Histological analysis further revealed that re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were markedly enhanced in the regenerating skin of the OGN-7 group, confirming the superior therapeutic performance of OGN-7. In summary, OGN-7 optimized the synergistic effects of natural polymers, which enhances their collective functionality as a wound dressing and expands their utility across diverse biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Phosphate on the Molecular Properties, Interactions, and Assembly of Engineered Spider Silk Proteins.","authors":"Yin Yin, Alessandra Griffo, Adrián Gutiérrez Cruz, Hendrik Hähl, Karin Jacobs, Markus B Linder","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphate plays a vital role in spider silk spinning and has been utilized in numerous artificial silk spinning attempts to replicate the remarkable mechanical properties of natural silk fiber. Its application in artificial processes has, however, yielded varying outcomes. It is thus necessary to investigate the origins and mechanisms behind these differences. By using recombinant silk protein SC-ADF3 derived from the garden spider <i>Araneus diadematus</i>, here, we describe its conformational changes under various conditions, elucidating the effect of phosphate on SC-ADF3 silk protein properties and interactions. Our results demonstrate that elevated phosphate levels induce the irreversible conformational conversion of SC-ADF3 from random coils to β-sheet structures, leading to decreased protein solubility over time. Furthermore, exposure of SC-ADF3 to phosphate stiffens already formed structures and reduces the ability to form new interactions. Our findings offer insights into the underlying mechanism through which phosphate-induced β-sheet structures in ADF3-related silk proteins impede fiber formation in the subsequent phases. From a broader perspective, our studies emphasize the significance of silk protein conformation for functional material formation, highlighting that the formation of β-sheet structures at the initial stages of protein assembly will affect the outcome of material forming processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solubilization of Hydrophobic Astaxanthin in Water by Physical Association with Phytoglycogen Nanoparticles.","authors":"Nicholas van Heijst, Phil Whiting, John R Dutcher","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astaxanthin (AXT) is a xanthophyll carotenoid with reported health benefits. Realizing its potential as a bioactive is challenging because of its extremely poor solubility in water. We describe a method to improve the effective solubility of AXT in water through its physical association with phytoglycogen (PG), which is produced in sweet corn as compact, highly branched nanoparticles. We combine PG in water with AXT in acetone, evaporate the acetone, and lyophilize. The result is an AXT-PG complex that can be readily redispersed in water, resulting in stable aqueous dispersions. By characterizing the UV-vis absorbance due to different aggregation states of AXT in the AXT-PG complex, we determined the maximum loading of AXT onto PG to be ∼10% by mass. Our results demonstrate the promise of using PG as a solubilizing agent for hydrophobic compounds in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}