理学最新文献 - Book学术

Scaling up for end-to-end on-chip photonic neural network inference. 扩展端到端片上光子神经网络推理。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02029-z

Bo Wu,Chaoran Huang,Jialong Zhang,Hailong Zhou,Yilun Wang,Jianji Dong,Xinliang Zhang

{"title":"Scaling up for end-to-end on-chip photonic neural network inference.","authors":"Bo Wu,Chaoran Huang,Jialong Zhang,Hailong Zhou,Yilun Wang,Jianji Dong,Xinliang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02029-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02029-z","url":null,"abstract":"Optical neural networks are emerging as a competitive alternative to their electronic counterparts, offering distinct advantages in bandwidth and energy efficiency. Despite these benefits, scaling up on-chip optical neural networks for end-to-end inference is facing significant challenges. First, network depth is constrained by the weak cascadability of optical nonlinear activation functions. Second, the input size is constrained by the scale of the optical matrix. Herein, we propose a scaling up strategy called partially coherent deep optical neural networks (PDONNs). By leveraging an on-chip nonlinear activation function based on opto-electro-opto conversion, PDONN enables network depth expansion with positive net gain. Additionally, convolutional layers achieve rapid dimensionality reduction, thereby allowing for an increase in the accommodated input size. The use of a partially coherent optical source significantly reduces reliance on narrow-linewidth laser diodes and coherent detection. Owing to their broader spectral characteristics and simpler implementation, such sources are more accessible and compatible with scalable integration. Benefiting from these innovations, we designed and fabricated a monolithically integrated optical neural network with the largest input size and the deepest network depth, comprising an input layer with a size of 64, two convolutional layers, and two fully connected layers. We successfully demonstrate end-to-end two-class classification of fashion images and four-class classification of handwritten digits with accuracies of 96% and 94%, respectively, using an in-situ training method. Notably, performance is well maintained with partially coherent illumination. This proposed architecture represents a critical step toward realizing energy-efficient, scalable, and widely accessible optical computing.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser-emission vibrational microscopy of microdroplet arrays for high-throughput screening of hyperlipidemia. 激光发射振动显微镜微滴阵列高通量筛选高脂血症。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02015-5

Zhonghao Li,Zhihan Cai,Yuhan Wang,Yuliang Liu,Guifeng Li,Xi Yang,Ming Deng,Yu-Cheng Chen,Jichun Yang,Yang Luo,Chaoyang Gong,Tao Zhu

{"title":"Laser-emission vibrational microscopy of microdroplet arrays for high-throughput screening of hyperlipidemia.","authors":"Zhonghao Li,Zhihan Cai,Yuhan Wang,Yuliang Liu,Guifeng Li,Xi Yang,Ming Deng,Yu-Cheng Chen,Jichun Yang,Yang Luo,Chaoyang Gong,Tao Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02015-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02015-5","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of biological fluids serve as early indicators of disease, offering valuable insights into complex physiological and pathological processes. However, the existing technologies struggle to achieve high-throughput measurement, limiting their widespread applications in disease diagnosis. Here, we propose laser-emission vibrational microscopy of microdroplets for high-throughput measurement of the intrinsic mechanical properties of fluids. The microdroplet array supporting high Q-factor (104) whispering gallery modes (WGM) lasing was massively fabricated on a superhydrophobic surface with inkjet printing. Ultrasound was employed to actuate the mechanical vibrations of the microdroplets, and the vibration amplitude was quantified using time-resolved laser spectra. We found that the stimulus-response of the laser emission is strongly dependent on the liquid viscosity. Fast mapping of the microdroplets' viscosities was achieved by stage scanning. High-throughput screening of hyperlipidemia disease was also demonstrated by performing over 2000 measurements within 25 min. Thanks to the small volume of the microdroplets, a single drop of blood can support over seven million measurements. The high-throughput ability and small sample consumption make it a promising tool for clinical diagnoses based on mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"315 1","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-chip single-crystal plasmonic optoelectronics for efficient hot carrier collection and photovoltage detection 片上单晶等离子体光电子技术，用于高效热载流子收集和光电压检测

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02030-6

Yunxuan Zhu, Sai C. Yelishala, Shusen Liao, Jackson Shropshire, Douglas Natelson, Longji Cui

{"title":"On-chip single-crystal plasmonic optoelectronics for efficient hot carrier collection and photovoltage detection","authors":"Yunxuan Zhu, Sai C. Yelishala, Shusen Liao, Jackson Shropshire, Douglas Natelson, Longji Cui","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02030-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02030-6","url":null,"abstract":"Large-area chemically synthesized single-crystal metals with nanometer-scale thickness have emerged as promising materials for on-chip nanophotonic applications, owing to their superior plasmonic properties compared to nanofabricated polycrystalline counterparts. While much recent attention has focused on their optical properties, the combined optimal electrical and optical characteristics, which hold great potential for high-performance optoelectronic functionalities, remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a single-crystal plasmonic optoelectronic platform based on nanowires fabricated from synthesized gold flakes and demonstrate its capabilities for highly enhanced hot carrier collection, electroluminescence, and photovoltage detection. Notably, single-crystal gold nanogap devices exhibit an order of magnitude higher open-circuit photovoltage compared to polycrystalline devices, representing one of the highest reported photovoltage sensing performances in terms of on-chip device density and responsivity per area. Our analysis revealed that this enhancement is attributed mostly to the suppression of electron-phonon scattering and improved hot carrier tunneling efficiency in single-crystal devices. These results highlight the potential of large-scale single-crystal nanostructures for both fundamental studies of nanoscale hot carrier transport and scalable electrically driven nanophotonic applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of optical spatiotemporal skyrmions 光学时空天幕的构建

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02028-0

Houan Teng, Xin Liu, Nianjia Zhang, Haihao Fan, Guoliang Chen, Qian Cao, Jinzhan Zhong, Xinrui Lei, Qiwen Zhan

{"title":"Construction of optical spatiotemporal skyrmions","authors":"Houan Teng, Xin Liu, Nianjia Zhang, Haihao Fan, Guoliang Chen, Qian Cao, Jinzhan Zhong, Xinrui Lei, Qiwen Zhan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02028-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02028-0","url":null,"abstract":"The creation and manipulation of photonic skyrmions provide a novel degree of freedom for light-matter interactions, optical communication and nanometrology. Since the localized vortex within skyrmions arises from the twist and curl of the phase structure, the orbital angular momentum of light is essential for their construction. While numerous skyrmionic textures have been proposed, they are formed within the spatial domain and induced by the longitudinal orbital angular momentum. Here we theoretically propose and experimentally observe spatiotemporal skyrmions within a picosecond pulse wavepacket, generated through vectorial sculpturing of spatiotemporal wavepackets. The skyrmionic textures emerge within the spatiotemporal distribution of a vector field encompass all possible polarization states. Constructed upon the transverse orbital angular momentum, spatiotemporal skyrmions, in contrast to spatial skyrmions, exhibit no helical twisting perpendicular to the skyrmion plane, demonstrating potential stability against deformations or perturbations. These results expand the skyrmion family and offer new insights into optical quasiparticles, potentially leading to advanced applications in optical metrology, sensing, and data storage.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vortex 6.0 all-on-chip 旋涡6.0全片

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01969-w

Xi Xie, Yijie Shen

引用次数: 0

An open invisible space enabled by reconfigurable metasurfaces and self-play reinforcement learning 一个开放的无形空间，由可重构的元表面和自我强化学习实现

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01944-5

Xinman Yin, Yanyu Zhao

引用次数: 0

Missing harmonic dynamics in generalized Snell's law: revealing full-channel characteristics of gradient metasurfaces. 广义斯涅尔定律中的失谐动力学：揭示梯度超表面的全通道特性。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02009-3

Yueyi Zhang,Fengyuan Han,Yibing Xiao,Ziwen Zhang,Jitao Yang,Yulu Lei,Fei Gao,Hongsheng Chen,Chao-Hai Du

{"title":"Missing harmonic dynamics in generalized Snell's law: revealing full-channel characteristics of gradient metasurfaces.","authors":"Yueyi Zhang,Fengyuan Han,Yibing Xiao,Ziwen Zhang,Jitao Yang,Yulu Lei,Fei Gao,Hongsheng Chen,Chao-Hai Du","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02009-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02009-3","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional generalized Snell's law (GSL), derived from classical laws of optical reflection and refraction, governs wavefront manipulation via phase gradients but neglects higher-order spatial harmonics inherently excited by the mutual coupling among meta-atoms on a metasurface. Here, we introduce a spatial harmonic-expanded GSL (SH-GSL) framework by unifying phase-gradient control with Floquet periodicity, establishing spatial harmonics as independent degrees of freedom rather than conventional parasitic disturbances. The SH-GSL framework rigorously identifies the intrinsic harmonic dynamics inherent to metasurfaces, which is a critical feature absent in GSL. Furthermore, this framework further reveals that all gradient-phase metasurfaces inherently function as multichannel platforms due to full spatial harmonics, with this multifunctionality rooted in nonlocal Floquet-Bloch modal interactions. Experimental validation demonstrates: abnormal spatial-harmonic reflection with angular precision ( < 5° deviation), multi-beam splitting (dual/quad configurations) via the relationship between specific harmonics and compensation wave vectors, and a perfect three-channel retroreflector achieving up to 99% efficiency, where parasitic harmonics are confined to near-field plasmonic regimes. This framework establishes a deterministic Floquet-engineered momentum compensation mechanism to simultaneously activate target harmonic channels while confining parasitic harmonics to near-field plasmonic regimes. Experimental validation confirms the framework's accuracy and scalability, bridging momentum-space physics with practical meta-plasmon systems. This work redefines metasurface engineering paradigms, unlocking advancements in ultra-dense beamforming, sensing, and meta-photonics through harmonic-division multiplexing.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"76 1","pages":"321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plasmonic photothermal printing of all-metal-oxide electronics. 全金属氧化物电子学的等离子体光热印刷。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01964-1

Eric Mazur

引用次数: 0

All-optical polarization encoding and modulation by nonlinear interferometry at the nanoscale 纳米尺度非线性干涉全光偏振编码与调制

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01948-1

Yigong Luan, Attilio Zilli, Agostino Di Francescantonio, Vincent Vinel, Paolo Biagioni, Lamberto Duò, Aristide Lemaître, Giuseppe Leo, Michele Celebrano, Marco Finazzi

{"title":"All-optical polarization encoding and modulation by nonlinear interferometry at the nanoscale","authors":"Yigong Luan, Attilio Zilli, Agostino Di Francescantonio, Vincent Vinel, Paolo Biagioni, Lamberto Duò, Aristide Lemaître, Giuseppe Leo, Michele Celebrano, Marco Finazzi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01948-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01948-1","url":null,"abstract":"Optical metasurfaces allow complex light manipulation within subwavelength thicknesses and are thus rapidly emerging as a key enabling technology for nanophotonics applications. The control over light polarization already provided a route towards ultracompact metasurface-based polarimetry devices. If translated to the nonlinear optical regime it may become a transformative tool for nonlinear imaging, optical holography, and sensing. Here, we report ultrafast all-optical polarization modulation of upconverted light by all-dielectric metasurfaces via nonlinear interferometry. By controlling the relative phase between a pump beam at ω and its frequency-doubled replica at 2ω, we can set the phase relation between two frequency-degenerate upconversion processes at 3ω – sum-frequency generation and third-harmonic generation – stemming from an AlGaAs metasurface. By leveraging the opposite parity of the two nonlinear processes and adjusting their relative intensities, we achieve a modulation of the polarization state of the upconverted light between linear and circular states with a circular polarization degree of up to 83%. Remarkably, circularly polarized light of opposite handedness is symmetrically mapped in the Fourier space, at coincidence with the first diffraction orders of the metasurface. Furthermore, the handedness can be completely reversed within the same diffraction order by applying a phase delay of π. Our work adds an additional modulation layer beyond intensity to all-optical routing with precise phase control: polarization. The capability to encode and modulate simultaneously different polarization states in the k-space holds potential for chiral sensing and advanced imaging techniques.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"313 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges and opportunities in next-generation LED therapeutic devices. 下一代LED治疗设备的挑战与机遇。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01990-z

Chenxi Wang,Qiang Yu,Ming Li,Haoyi Chen,Huizhen Fan,Yingying Ma,Zhitao Zhang,Mei X Wu,Min Lu

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in next-generation LED therapeutic devices.","authors":"Chenxi Wang,Qiang Yu,Ming Li,Haoyi Chen,Huizhen Fan,Yingying Ma,Zhitao Zhang,Mei X Wu,Min Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01990-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01990-z","url":null,"abstract":"Phototherapy offers advantages of non-invasiveness, cost-effectiveness, localized treatment, and potential for home-based care across various medical conditions. However, its adoption is hindered by the large size, limited safety, and professional operation requirements of current phototherapeutic devices. Unlike bulky laser phototherapeutic devices, wearable and implantable LED-based devices overcome these limitations, offering improved safety, portability, and uniform light distribution, making them promising prototypes for next-generation phototherapies. This review explores the home-care potentials of phototherapy from a clinical application perspective and provides a comprehensive overview of its therapeutic mechanisms and diverse applications. By synthesizing the latest advancements and cutting-edge research, we identify key clinical challenges associated with wearable and implantable phototherapy devices and propose fundamental strategies to address these limitations, such as miniaturization, biocompatibility, and energy efficiency. Furthermore, we draw on interdisciplinary cutting-edge research to address the challenges faced by phototherapy devices. We also emphasize the critical value of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and flexible sensing technologies within phototherapy systems. Specific methods and potential applications are discussed for effectively integrating phototherapy systems with AI algorithms to establish a closed-loop diagnostic and therapeutic system. Grounded in clinical applications, we outline concrete research directions for developing next-generation LED-based phototherapy devices. This review delivers valuable insights for clinicians leveraging phototherapy and offers a roadmap for researchers in material science, flexible electronics, and AI, fostering interdisciplinary innovations to advance future phototherapy applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"89 1","pages":"319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0