理学最新文献

{"title":"Tracing terahertz plasmon polaritons with a tunable-by-design dispersion in topological insulator metaelements","authors":"Leonardo Viti, Chiara Schiattarella, Lucia Sichert, Zhengtianye Wang, Stephanie Law, Oleg Mitrofanov, Miriam S. Vitiello","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01884-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01884-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Collective oscillations of massless charge carriers in two-dimensional materials—Dirac plasmon polaritons (DPPs)—are of paramount importance for engineering nanophotonic devices with tunable optical response. However, tailoring the optical properties of DPPs in a nanomaterial is a very challenging task, particularly at terahertz (THz) frequencies, where the DPP momentum is more than one order of magnitude larger than that of the free-space photons, and DDP attenuation is high. Here, we conceive and demonstrate a strategy to tune the DPP dispersion in topological insulator metamaterials. We engineer laterally coupled linear metaelements, fabricated from epitaxial Bi₂Se_3, with selected coupling distances with the purpose to tune their wavevector, by geometry. We launch and directly map the propagation of DPPs confined within coupled meta-atoms via phase-sensitive scattering-type scanning near-field nanoscopy. We demonstrate that the DPP wavelength can be tuned by varying the metaelements coupling distance, resulting in up to a 20% increase of the polariton wavevector Re(k_p) in dimers and triplets with a 1 μm spacing, with reduced losses and a &gt;50% increase of the polariton attenuation length.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient luminescent stable Chichibabin diradicaloid for near-infrared imaging and photothermal therapy","authors":"Ting Liu, Zihao Zhu, Shengjie Wang, Li Shen, Alim Abdurahman, Xiaomin Liu, Geyu Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01993-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01993-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diradicaloids have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic, photophysical properties and potential applications in functional materials. Characterized by a narrow band gap and near-infrared (NIR) absorption, diradicaloids are promising candidates for NIR-guided photothermal therapy. However, they are often unstable and exhibit non-emissive properties due to high chemical reactivity and very efficient internal conversion. Herein, we report a remarkably stable Chichibabin diradicaloid, TT-CzPh, which exhibits NIR luminescence (λ_em = 821 nm) with an efficient photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 6.4%. Surprisingly, TT-CzPh not only exhibits excellent NIR imaging but also has a very high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 87.5%. In vivo experiments with TT-CzPh nanoparticles demonstrated their effectiveness in tumor photoablation guided by NIR imaging. This work not only advances the development of stable, efficient luminescent Chichibabin’s hydrocarbons but also opens new avenues for bioimaging and cancer phototherapy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-mode LiDAR system enabled by mechanically tunable hybrid cascaded metasurfaces","authors":"Lingyun Zhang, Chi Zhang, Li Zhang, Jianing Yang, Wei Bian, Rui You, Xiaoli Jing, Fei Xing, Zheng You, Xiaoguang Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01999-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01999-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely used for active three-dimensional (3D) perception. Beam scanning LiDAR provides high accuracy and long detection range with limited detection efficiency, while flash LiDAR can achieve high-efficiency detection through the snapshot approach at the expense of reduced accuracy and range. With the synergy of these distinct detection approaches, we develop a miniaturized dual-mode, reconfigurable beam forming device by cascading Pancharatnam-Berry phase and propagation phase metasurfaces, integrated with a micro-actuator. By modulating incident light polarization, we can switch the output beam of the device between the beam array scanning mode and flash illuminating mode. In the scanning mode, the device demonstrates a continuously tunable angular resolution and a ± 35° field of view (FoV) through driving the micro-actuator to achieve the lateral translation of ±100 μm. In the flash mode, uniform illumination across the entire FoV is achieved. As a proof of concept, we propose an adaptive 3D reconstruction scheme that leverages the device’s capability to switch operation modes and adjust detection resolution. Together, the proposed device and the detection scheme constitute a dual-mode LiDAR system, demonstrating high adaptability to diverse environments and catalyze the applications of more efficient and compact 3D detection systems.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-deterministic cryo-optical microscopy","authors":"Kosuke Tsuji, Masahito Yamanaka, Yasuaki Kumamoto, Shoko Tamura, Wakana Miyamura, Toshiki Kubo, Kenta Mizushima, Kakeru Kono, Hanae Hirano, Momoko Shiozaki, Xiaowei Zhao, Heqi Xi, Kazunori Sugiura, Shun-ichi Fukushima, Takumi Kunimoto, Yoshino Tanabe, Kentaro Nishida, Kentaro Mochizuki, Yoshinori Harada, Nicholas I. Smith, Rainer Heintzmann, Zhiheng Yu, Meng C. Wang, Takeharu Nagai, Hideo Tanaka, Katsumasa Fujita","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01941-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01941-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorescence microscopy enables the visualization of cellular morphology, molecular distribution, ion distribution, and their dynamic behaviors during biological processes. Enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in fluorescence imaging improves the quantification accuracy and spatial resolution; however, achieving high SNR at fast image acquisition rates, which is often required to observe cellular dynamics, still remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a technique to rapidly freeze biological cells in milliseconds during optical microscopy observation. Compared to chemical fixation, rapid freezing provides rapid immobilization of samples while more effectively preserving the morphology and conditions of cells. This technique combines the advantages of both live-cell and cryofixation microscopy, i.e., temporal dynamics and high SNR snapshots of selected moments, and is demonstrated by fluorescence and Raman microscopy with high spatial resolution and quantification under low temperature conditions. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that intracellular calcium dynamics can be frozen rapidly and visualized using fluorescent ion indicators, suggesting that ion distribution and conformation of the probe molecules can be fixed both spatially and temporally. These results confirmed that our technique can time-deterministically suspend and visualize cellular dynamics while preserving molecular and ionic states, indicating the potential to provide detailed insights into sample dynamics with improved spatial resolution and temporal accuracy in observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tip-enhanced nanocavities amplify the sum frequency generation","authors":"Chun-Chieh Yu, Yuancheng Jing, Wei Xiong","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01946-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01946-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tip-enhanced vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy is proposed and demonstrated. Incorporation with the plasmon cavities leads to significant signal amplification—up to 14 orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A plasmonic meta-rotary travelling-wave oscillator with ultrahigh phase accuracy and figure of merit","authors":"Da Yue Yao, Hao Chi Zhang, Pei Hang He, Jia Jie Shen, Jia Wen Zhu, Peigen Zhou, Xin Yu Zhang, Le Peng Zhang, Li Jie Wu, Cun Yue Wei, Rui Wen Shao, Yi Fan, Yang Zhao, Jixin Chen, Wei Hong, Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01966-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01966-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High phase accuracy and figure of merit (FOM) of quadrature signals are essential for integrated systems, including quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) communications and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar. However, the traditional quadrature oscillators often struggle to meet the stringent requirements of high FOM and high quadrature phase accuracy simultaneously. To address this challenge, we propose a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SPP) metawaveguide (Meta) to design on-chip rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO). By leveraging the advanced dispersion manipulation capability of Meta, the physical and electrical lengths of transmission line (TL) are effectively decoupled, thereby overcoming the limitations associated with the unequal electrical lengths of inner and outer loops of the resonator, which is difficult to achieve in the conventional RTWOs. Based on the design methodology, we realize a Meta-RTWO using the 65 nm CMOS technology and achieve a measured FOM of 188.5 dBc/Hz and a phase error of approximately 0.21°. These metrics surpass those of the traditional oscillators fabricated even by more advanced 28 nm CMOS processes. This study demonstrates that Meta-RTWO achieves a significant improvement in both output signal quadrature accuracy and FOM under process limitations without using additional phase adjustment structures.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosecond response perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes with ultra-high resolution for active display application","authors":"Qingkai Zhang, Kaiyu Yang, Chengyu Luo, Zhihan Lin, Weiguo Chen, Yongsheng Yu, Hailong Hu, Fushan Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01959-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01959-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite quantum dots light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have been developed for next-generation high resolution display applications. However, the hindered charge injection and massive charge trapping due to the insulating and defective surface of quantum dots (QDs) usually lead to a slow rise in electroluminescence (EL) response, which makes it challenging to realize ultra-high refresh rate displays with nanosecond response. Herein, an ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BMIM]OTF) was used to enhance the crystallinity and reduce the surface area ratio of QDs, which effectively decreases defect state and injection barrier at the interface. Therefore, the rise time of EL response with steady-state is successfully reduced by over 75%. We further reduce the capacitance effect by decreasing the light-emitting unit area. Thus, ultra-high resolution (9072 pixel per inch) PeLEDs with light-emitting pixel size of 1.3 μm were realized, achieving a brightness exceeding 170,000 cd/m² and an external quantum efficiency up to 15.79%. Moreover, it achieves nanosecond ultrafast response time under steady-state, which is the fastest response time of PeLEDs reported so far. Our work represents the most advanced performance of ultra-high-resolution PeLEDs, and provides in-depth insights into the mechanism of improving their response speed, showing significant potential in high refresh rate active display application.</p><figure></figure>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infrared visualized snakes-inspired artificial vision systems with CMOS sensors-integrated upconverters","authors":"Ge Mu, Yangye Lin, Kerui Fu, Xin Tang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02001-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02001-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological visions have inspired the development of artificial vision systems with diverse visual functional traits, however, the detected wavelength is only in visible light between 0.4 and 0.78 μm, restricting their applications. Snakes generate a thermal image of animals due to pit organs for detecting and converting infrared, allowing them to accurately target predators or prey even under darkness. Inspired by natural infrared visualized snakes, we propose artificial vision systems with CMOS sensors-integrated upconverters to break visible light limitations to realize 3840 × 2160 ultra-high-resolution short-wave infrared (SWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) visualization imaging for the first time. Through colloidal quantum dot barrier heterojunction architecture design of infrared detecting units and the introduction of co-hosted emitting units, the luminance and upconversion efficiency reach up to 6388.09 cd m⁻² and 6.41% for SWIR, 1311.64 cd m⁻² and 4.06% for MWIR at room temperature. Our artificial vision systems broaden a wide spectrum of applications within infrared, such as night vision, agricultural science, and industry inspection, marking a significant advance in bioartificial vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent physical unclonable functions by long-lived triplet excitons in carbon dots","authors":"Yan-Wei Hu, Qing Cao, Shi-Yu Song, Yuan Sun, Ya-Chuan Liang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Chao-Fan Lv, Chong-Xin Shan, Kai-Kai Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01940-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01940-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements, are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph. Herein, we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs (TD-PUFs) by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with bright and long-lived triplet excitons as block elements. The constructed TD-PUFs evolve into multiple unclonable PUFs over time, effectively breaking the spatial limitation of transitional PUFs and increasing the complexity, making them much more difficult to be attacked. This temporal evolution introduces an additional layer of security, as the dynamic nature of TD-PUFs makes it increasingly challenging for adversaries to predict or replicate their states. We have developed pixel matrix function (PMF) to describe the evolution process of the TD-PUFs, enabling a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior and unique security features. In addition, we exhibit a TD-PUFs painting (30 × 40 cm²) by an etching technology where the primary structures of the panting undergo a transformation over time, driven by the varying triplet exciton lifetimes of the CDs. The proposed concept of TD-PUFs overcome their spatial limitations and increase the complexity, making the PUF labels more difficulty to be cracked.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating information of causal variants in genomic prediction using GBLUP or machine learning models in a simulated livestock population.","authors":"Jifan Yang, Mario P L Calus, Yvonne C J Wientjes, Theo H E Meuwissen, Pascal Duenk","doi":"10.1186/s40104-025-01250-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-025-01250-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genomic prediction has revolutionized animal breeding, with GBLUP being the most widely used prediction model. In theory, the accuracy of genomic prediction could be improved by incorporating information from QTL. This strategy could be especially beneficial for machine learning models that are able to distinguish informative from uninformative features. The objective of this study was to assess the benefit of incorporating QTL genotypes in GBLUP and machine learning models. This study simulated a selected livestock population where QTL and their effects were known. We used four genomic prediction models, GBLUP, (weighted) 2GBLUP, random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR) to predict breeding values of young animals, and considered different scenarios that varied in the proportion of genetic variance explained by the included QTL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2GBLUP resulted in the highest accuracy. Its accuracy increased when the included QTL explained up to 80% of the genetic variance, after which the accuracy dropped. With a weighted 2GBLUP model, the accuracy always increased when more QTL were included. Prediction accuracy of GBLUP was consistently higher than SVR, and the accuracy for both models slightly increased with more QTL information included. The RF model resulted in the lowest prediction accuracy, and did not improve by including QTL information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that incorporating QTL information in GBLUP and SVR can improve prediction accuracy, but the extent of improvement varies across models. RF had a much lower prediction accuracy than the other models and did not show improvements when QTL information was added. Two possible reasons for this result are that the data structure in our data does not allow RF to fully realize its potential and that RF is not designed well for this particular prediction problem. Our study highlighted the importance of selecting appropriate models for genomic prediction and underscored the potential limitations of machine learning models when applied to genomic prediction in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}