理学最新文献

{"title":"Effect of coil and chamber structure on plasma radial uniformity in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma","authors":"Yang ZHAO, 洋 赵, Xiaohua ZHOU, 晓华 周, Shengrong GAO, 升荣 高, Shasha SONG, 莎莎 宋, Yuzhen ZHAO and 玉真 赵","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad31ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad31ef","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing plasma uniformity can be achieved by modifying coil and chamber structures in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to meet the demand for large-area and uniformly distributed plasma in industrial manufacturing. This study utilized a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model to investigate how different coil configurations and chamber aspect ratios affect the radial uniformity of plasma in radio frequency ICP. The findings indicate that optimizing the radial spacing of the coil enhances plasma uniformity but with a reduction in electron density. Furthermore, optimizing the coil within the ICP reactor, using the interior point method in the Interior Point Optimizer significantly enhances plasma uniformity, elevating it from 56% to 96% within the range of the model sizes. Additionally, when the chamber aspect ratio k changes from 2.8 to 4.7, the plasma distribution changes from a center-high to a saddle-shaped distribution. Moreover, the plasma uniformity becomes worse. Finally, adjusting process parameters, such as increasing source power and gas pressure, can enhance plasma uniformity. These findings contribute to optimizing the etching process by improving plasma radial uniformity.","PeriodicalId":20227,"journal":{"name":"","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141150122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative phase imaging based on holography: trends and new perspectives","authors":"Zhengzhong Huang, Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01453-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01453-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1948, Dennis Gabor proposed the concept of holography, providing a pioneering solution to a quantitative description of the optical wavefront. After 75 years of development, holographic imaging has become a powerful tool for optical wavefront measurement and quantitative phase imaging. The emergence of this technology has given fresh energy to physics, biology, and materials science. Digital holography (DH) possesses the quantitative advantages of wide-field, non-contact, precise, and dynamic measurement capability for complex-waves. DH has unique capabilities for the propagation of optical fields by measuring light scattering with phase information. It offers quantitative visualization of the refractive index and thickness distribution of weak absorption samples, which plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of various diseases and the characterization of various materials. It provides a possibility to bridge the gap between the imaging and scattering disciplines. The propagation of wavefront is described by the complex amplitude. The complex-value in the complex-domain is reconstructed from the intensity-value measurement by camera in the real-domain. Here, we regard the process of holographic recording and reconstruction as a transformation between complex-domain and real-domain, and discuss the mathematics and physical principles of reconstruction. We review the DH in underlying principles, technical approaches, and the breadth of applications. We conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining holographic imaging with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of holographic imaging even further. The multidisciplinary nature brings technology and application experts together in label-free cell biology, analytical chemistry, clinical sciences, wavefront sensing, and semiconductor production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Microstructure Arrays via Localized Electrochemical Deposition","authors":"Manfei Wang, Jinkai Xu, Wanfei Ren, Zhengyi Yang","doi":"10.1007/s41871-024-00236-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41871-024-00236-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52345,"journal":{"name":"Nanomanufacturing and Metrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When quantum dots meet blue phase liquid crystal elastomers: visualized full-color and mechanically-switchable circularly polarized luminescence","authors":"Shan Li, Yuqi Tang, Qingyan Fan, Ziyuan Li, Xinfang Zhang, Jingxia Wang, Jinbao Guo, Quan Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01479-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01479-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymer-based circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with the advantage of diversified structure, easy fabrication, high thermal stability, and tunable properties have garnered considerable attention. However, adequate and precise tuning over CPL in polymer-based materials remains challenging due to the difficulty in regulating chiral structures. Herein, visualized full-color CPL is achieved by doping red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs) into reconfigurable blue phase liquid crystal elastomers (BPLCEs). In contrast to the CPL signal observed in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs), the chiral 3D cubic superstructure of BPLCEs induces an opposite CPL signal. Notably, this effect is entirely independent of photonic bandgaps (PBGs) and results in a high <i>g</i>_lum value, even without matching between PBGs and the emission bands of QDs. Meanwhile, the lattice structure of the BPLCEs can be reversibly switched via mechanical stretching force, inducing on-off switching of the CPL signals, and these variations can be further fixed using dynamic disulfide bonds in the BPLCEs. Moreover, the smart polymer-based CPL systems using the BPLCEs for anti-counterfeiting and information encryption have been demonstrated, suggesting the great potential of the BPLCEs-based CPL active materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide improves piglet growth performance and intestinal health associated with alterations of the hindgut microbiota during the peri-weaning period.","authors":"Timothy E Boston, Feng Wang, Xi Lin, Sung Woo Kim, Vivek Fellner, Mark F Scott, Amanda L Ziegler, Laurianne Van Landeghem, Anthony T Blikslager, Jack Odle","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01047-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-024-01047-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weaning stress reduces growth performance and health of young pigs due in part to an abrupt change in diets from highly digestible milk to fibrous plant-based feedstuffs. This study investigated whether dietary galactooligosaccharide (GOS), supplemented both pre- and post-weaning, could improve growth performance and intestinal health via alterations in the hindgut microbial community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a 3 × 2 factorial design, during farrowing 288 piglets from 24 litters received either no creep feed (FC), creep without GOS (FG-) or creep with 5% GOS (FG+) followed by a phase 1 nursery diet without (NG-) or with 3.8% GOS (NG+). Pigs were sampled pre- (D22) and post-weaning (D31) to assess intestinal measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Creep fed pigs grew 19% faster than controls (P < 0.01) prior to weaning, and by the end of the nursery phase (D58), pigs fed GOS pre-farrowing (FG+) were 1.85 kg heavier than controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed GOS in phase 1 of the nursery grew 34% faster (P < 0.04), with greater feed intake and efficiency. Cecal microbial communities clustered distinctly in pre- vs. post-weaned pigs, based on principal coordinate analysis (P < 0.01). No effects of GOS were detected pre-weaning, but gruel creep feeding increased Chao1 α-diversity and altered several genera in the cecal microbiota (P < 0.05). Post-weaning, GOS supplementation increased some genera such as Fusicatenibacter and Collinsella, whereas others decreased such as Campylobacter and Frisingicoccus (P < 0.05). Changes were accompanied by higher molar proportions of butyrate in the cecum of GOS-fed pigs (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gruel creep feeding effectively improves suckling pig growth regardless of GOS treatment. When supplemented post-weaning, prebiotic GOS improves piglet growth performance associated with changes in hindgut microbial composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11170840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising interlayer sensitization strategy for the construction of high-performance blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs","authors":"Jianghui Wang, Peng Zou, Letian Chen, Zhentao Bai, Hao Liu, Wen-Cheng Chen, Yanping Huo, Ben Zhong Tang, Zujin Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01490-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01490-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials are promising candidates for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with narrow electroluminescence (EL) spectra. Current researches focus on fabricating hyperfluorescence OLEDs to improve EL efficiencies of MR-TADF emitters by co-doping them with TADF sensitizers in a single host layer. However, in many cases, the polarity of the single host could be not suitable for both blue MR-TADF emitters and blue TADF sensitizers, resulting in broadened EL spectra in high-polar hosts or decreased EL efficiencies in low-polar hosts. Herein, we wish to report an efficient sensitization strategy for blue MR-TADF emitters by constructing an interlayer-sensitizing configuration, in which the blue TADF sensitizers and blue MR-TADF emitters are separated into two closely aligned host layers with high polarity and low polarity, respectively. Based on this strategy, efficient blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs are realized and verified by employing various TADF sensitizers and different MR-TADF emitters, furnishing outstanding external quantum efficiencies of up to 38.8% and narrow EL spectra. These results validate the feasibility and universality of this interlayer sensitization strategy, which provides an effective alternative to high-performance blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Google Earth Engine to Assess the Current State of Thermokarst Terrain on Arga Island (the Lena Delta)","authors":"A. Kartoziia","doi":"10.3390/earth5020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/earth5020012","url":null,"abstract":"The mapping of thermokarst landscapes and the assessment of their conditions are becoming increasingly important in light of a rising global temperature. Land cover maps provide a basis for quantifying changes in landscapes and identifying areas that are vulnerable to permafrost degradation. The study is devoted to assessing the current state of thermokarst terrain on Arga Island. We applied a random forests algorithm using the capabilities of the Google Earth Engine cloud platform for the supervised classification of the composite image. The analyzed composite consists of a Sentinel-2 image and a set of calculated indices. The study found that thermokarst-affected terrains occupy 35% of the total area, and stable terrains cover 29% at the time of image acquisition. The classifier has also mapped water bodies, slopes, and blowouts. The accuracy assessment revealed that the overall accuracy for all the different land cover classes was 98.34%. A set of other accuracy metrics also demonstrated a high level of performance. This study presents significant findings for assessing landscape changes in a region with unique environmental features. It also provides a potential basis for future interdisciplinary research and for predicting future thermokarst landscape changes in the Lena Delta area.","PeriodicalId":39660,"journal":{"name":"Earth","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and stable hybrid perovskite-organic light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 40 per cent","authors":"Lingmei Kong, Yun Luo, Qianqian Wu, Xiangtian Xiao, Yuanzhi Wang, Guo Chen, Jianhua Zhang, Kai Wang, Wallace C. H. Choy, Yong-Biao Zhao, Hongbo Li, Takayuki Chiba, Junji Kido, Xuyong Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01500-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01500-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on perovskite semiconductor materials with tunable emission wavelength in visible light range as well as narrow linewidth are potential competitors among current light-emitting display technologies, but still suffer from severe instability driven by electric field. Here, we develop a stable, efficient and high-color purity hybrid LED with a tandem structure by combining the perovskite LED and the commercial organic LED technologies to accelerate the practical application of perovskites. Perovskite LED and organic LED with close photoluminescence peak are selected to maximize photon emission without photon reabsorption and to achieve the narrowed emission spectra. By designing an efficient interconnecting layer with p-type interface doping that provides good opto-electric coupling and reduces Joule heating, the resulting green emitting hybrid LED shows a narrow linewidth of around 30 nm, a peak luminance of over 176,000 cd m⁻², a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40%, and an operational half-lifetime of over 42,000 h.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXTENDED COMMENTARY—Navigating the labyrinth of youth return to deoccupied territories in Ukraine: Stakeholders, strategies, and ethical imperatives","authors":"I. Bohdanov, Y. Suchikova","doi":"10.1002/waf2.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/waf2.12034","url":null,"abstract":"The war in Ukraine has been ongoing for over two years. As territories that were captured at the beginning of the conflict are being deoccupied, the pressing issue of repopulating these areas emerges, especially concerning the youth. In this commentary, we critically examine the tripartite cooperation among universities, governments, and local self‐government bodies as a critical mechanism for encouraging the return of young people to Ukraine's deoccupied territories. Considering the inevitable exodus of youth due to occupation, we underscore the importance of early strategy conceptualization for their return. The discussion analyzes the roles and responsibilities of all key stakeholders, the necessity to balance national directives with local autonomy, and the ethical imperatives that should guide such endeavors. Although centered on the Ukrainian context, the insights from this research may prove valuable for other regions encountering similar challenges amidst globalization.","PeriodicalId":35790,"journal":{"name":"World Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snapshot imaging of ultrashort electron bunches","authors":"Andreas Döpp","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01489-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01489-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New measurements combine spatial and temporal information from optical transition radiation to estimate the three-dimensional structure of electron bunches from a laser wakefield accelerator.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}