理学最新文献

{"title":"Emerging evidence of sand fly fever virus transmission in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Thulani Pattiyakumbura, Erandi Ekanayake, Nipuni Arachchige, Achini Weerathunga, Dhanushka Dasanayake, Rohitha Muthugala","doi":"10.5501/wjv.121928","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.121928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sand fly fever virus (SFFV) infection is an acute self-limiting febrile illness caused by phleboviruses and transmitted by sand flies of the <i>Phlebotomus</i> species. The disease has been reported in the Mediterranean region, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, and is now considered to be expanding into new geographic areas. Clinically, SFFV infection closely resembles acute dengue fever.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To detect other possible infection including SSFV in patients with clinically suspected dengue fever with negative serology results for NS1 antigen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 757 serum samples were collected from patients clinically suspected of dengue fever and admitted to three major hospitals in Sri Lanka between January and August 2023. Patients were from the Colombo and Kandy District, and demographic information was obtained from laboratory request forms, although detailed individual-level demographic data were limited due to anonymization in this laboratory-based study. All samples were initially screened for dengue NS1 antigen negativity and further tested for a panel of pathogens including SFFV immunoglobulin (Ig) M, hantavirus IgM, chikungunya IgM, and leptospira IgM antibodies, as well as molecular detection of hantavirus, flavivirus, and alphavirus RNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From tested samples, two samples were serologically positive for SFFV-specific IgM using a commercial immunoblot assay, while all other tests for dengue, chikungunya, leptospira, hantavirus, and related RNA viruses were negative. These two SFFV-positive cases were from Kandy District and included one child (6-8 years) and one adult (40-50 years), both presenting with uncomplicated dengue-like illness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first evidence of SFFV infection in Sri Lanka. Given the high endemicity of dengue in the country, SFFV infections may be clinically misdiagnosed as dengue and therefore remain under-recognized. Further studies involving febrile patients and sand fly vector surveillance are required to determine the true burden and epidemiological significance of SFFV in Sri Lanka.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 3","pages":"121928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High cost of silence: Needlestick injuries and the persistence of hepatitis B virus risk among healthcare trainees.","authors":"Janaina Luz Narciso-Schiavon","doi":"10.5501/wjv.122794","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.122794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study by Jaho <i>et al</i> published in the <i>World Journal of Virology</i> highlights a compelling paradox in occupational health: While a robust 86.6% of 134 Albanian health sciences students demonstrate seroprotection (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen ≥ 10 IU/L), a staggering 64.5% report at least one needlestick injury during training. This high prevalence of exposure is compounded by a culture of silence, with one-third of incidents remaining unreported. This editorial analyzes why high seroprotection rates should not lead to institutional complacency. It argues that the specific vulnerability observed among midwifery students and the lack of systematic post-vaccination serological testing represent critical system gaps. Instead of relying solely on historical vaccination records, institutions should adopt guideline-based strategies for assessing hepatitis B immune status before clinical exposure, while fostering non-punitive reporting pathways. Bridging the gap between immunological protection and clinical behaviour is essential to safeguard those at the frontline of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 3","pages":"122794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes zoster vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence, guidelines, and reality.","authors":"Manish Manrai, Aditya V Pachisia, Atul A Jha, Rajat Shukla, Vivek Hande, Sandeep Thareja","doi":"10.5501/wjv.121081","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.121081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a 1.3-2.0 times higher risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ) compared to the general population, mainly due to immunosuppressive treatments. The risk is greatest with Janus kinase inhibitors, combination therapies, and high-dose corticosteroids, especially in younger patients with Crohn's disease. The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix) provides high efficacy, with 65%-90% protection against HZ and a significant decrease in postherpetic neuralgia, along with a safety profile that does not increase IBD flares, even during immunosuppression. Guidelines from the American College of Gastroenterology, the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation, and the Advisory Committee on Immunisation Practices strongly advise RZV for all IBD patients aged 50 and above, as well as those aged 19 and over undergoing immunomodulatory therapy. Real-world evidence supports consistent benefits across different age groups, treatments, and ethnic backgrounds. Nonetheless, there are notable implementation gaps, particularly in resource-poor Asian regions such as India, due to cost, awareness, and access constraints. Adopting a risk-gradient approach that targets high-risk individuals helps optimise resource allocation. RZV is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient method to decrease HZ-associated morbidity in IBD patients. Integrating vaccination proactively into routine IBD management is crucial to close the gap between current evidence and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 3","pages":"121081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analog therapy in hepatitis B e antigen-negative non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients: A real-life study.","authors":"Khellaf Amalou, Ryma Rekab, Nada Benmellouka, Boutheina Derbal, Ahlem Belloula, Hana Chetroub, Fadel Sabrina, Farid Belghanem, Khadidja Saidani","doi":"10.5501/wjv.120124","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.120124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The discontinuation of nucleos(t)ide analog (NUC) therapy remains controversial in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who have not attained hepatitis B surface antigen loss.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess re-treatment rates and risk factors in non-cirrhotic hepatitis B e antigen-negative CHB patients after the cessation of NUC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were prospectively collected before to and following the discontinuation of NUC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-seven patients were included in the follow-up from January 2015 to September 2025; 57 were male, with a mean age of 41.3 ± 10.8 years old. The baseline median values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were 87 IU/L and 37211 IU/mL, respectively. The median histologic fibrosis score was 2. The median length of treatment and consolidation therapy was 69 months and 46 months, respectively. The median duration of follow-up following the cessation of therapy was 39 months. Of the 56 patients deemed qualified for assessment based on the suggested re-treatment criteria, 29 (51.7%) underwent re-treatment. The median duration until relapse was 11 months. The cumulative virological relapse rates, defined as HBV DNA over 2000 IU/mL, were 25%, 52%, 58%, and 61% at 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months, respectively. The cumulative retreatment rates at 6 months, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months were 19%, 25%, 28%, and 35%, respectively. Thirty-eight patients (43%) returned to NUC treatment after an average interval of 9 months (range 1 months to 42 months). The risk factors influencing clinical relapse in patients included gender, baseline HBV DNA levels, treatment method, and ALT and aspartate aminotransferase levels at the end of treatment, Ishak fibrosis score > 2, and at the conclusion of treatment. In multivariate analysis, Ishak fibrosis score > 2 is the unique factor for retreatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In resource-constrained areas, discontinuing NUC may be considered for early-stage patients with low baseline hepatitis B viral DNA and ALT levels after a lengthy consolidation treatment. A higher pretreatment liver biopsy fibrosis score predicts relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"15 3","pages":"120124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri orchestrates IAA-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis and stem cell renewal against intestinal oxidative injury in aged hens.","authors":"Shenao Zhan, Ziyu Wang, Yujie Lv, Weichen Huang, Chaoyue Ge, Lianchi Wu, Dongyou Yu, Bing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01499-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01499-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal oxidative stress compromises gut health and production performance in laying hens. Although Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study therefore investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of L. reuteri against diquat-induced intestinal oxidative injury in aged hens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 270 70-week-old Jinbai hens were divided into control (CON), diquat (DQ), and L. reuteri + diquat (LRD) groups with 6 replicates each. Birds in CON and DQ groups received a basal diet, while those in LRD group received basal diet supplemented with L. reuteri. After a 10-week pretreatment, DQ and LRD hens were intraperitoneally injected with diquat, while CON hens were injected intraperitoneally with an equivalent amount of saline solution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diquat challenge significantly compromised intestinal barrier integrity, as evidenced the downregulated mRNA and protein expression of MUC2, ZO-1 and Occludin (P < 0.05). Notably, these adverse impacts were markedly reversed by L. reuteri pretreatment. Moreover, L. reuteri reshaped the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of tryptophan metabolism, with a notable upregulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). At the mitochondrial level, L. reuteri reduced mitochondrial ROS production, restored ATP content (P < 0.05), and downregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes expression of PGC-1α and NRF1 and balanced mitochondrial dynamics genes expression of MFN1 and DRP1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, L. reuteri elevated GSH-Px and T-AOC activities via activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels by suppression of NF-κB signaling (P < 0.05). In vitro organoid culture further demonstrated IAA significantly reduced mitochondrial ROS production and restored ATP levels (P < 0.05) and stimulated stem cell proliferation. These changes inhibited apoptosis and promoted intestinal proliferation, thereby alleviating intestinal oxidative injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>L. reuteri alleviates intestinal oxidative damage via modulation of the gut microbiota-IAA axis, which coordinates mitochondrial homeostasis and stem cell renewal, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and enhancing barrier function. These findings highlight its potential as a probiotic therapeutic agent for mitigating oxidative stress and preserving gut health in aging poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148972543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metabolomic and gut microbiota analyses reveal TCA cycle dysfunction in broiler skeletal disorders and the protective effect of L‑malic acid.","authors":"Yuyang Xue, Min Yao, Xiangjian Peng, Fang Wang, Wei Jing, Fei Zhang, Lulu Mi, Wenju Zhang, Cunxi Nie","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01498-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01498-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skeletal disorders pose a significant challenge to intensive broiler production. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying the development of skeletal abnormalities in broilers remain unclear. This study aims to reveal the underlying mechanisms through multi-omics analyses and evaluate the ameliorative effects of exogenous L-malic acid supplementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The abnormal group exhibited reduced serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus, as well as decreased bone calcium and phosphorus content. These changes were accompanied by deterioration in bone geometric properties and microstructural parameters. The abnormal group exhibited downregulated expression of osteogenesis-related genes, whereas the mRNA expression levels of osteoclast-related genes were significantly higher than those observed in the normal group (P < 0.05). Serum metabolomics revealed that the differentially enriched pathways were primarily associated with energy metabolism, particularly the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Concurrently, the mRNA expression levels of genes encoding key glycolytic enzymes and key complexes of the electron transport chain were elevated in the abnormal group. The analysis of the gut microbiota revealed an increased abundance of harmful bacteria and a significant decrease in microbes associated with energy metabolism in the abnormal group (P < 0.05). Targeted analysis further identified TCA cycle intermediates, fumarate and malate, as robust biomarkers for discriminating skeletal health status. Early dietary supplementation with L-malic acid improved bone health in broilers by increasing TCA activity, as evidenced by enhanced bone mineralization, improved bone microstructural parameters, and an increased OPG/RANKL ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skeletal abnormalities in broilers are closely associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis accompanied by TCA cycle metabolic disruption. Exogenous L-malic acid supplementation improved bone health by enhancing TCA cycle-related activity, supporting a functional role of TCA cycle-related metabolism in skeletal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13571327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of phenylalanine supplementation on meat fatty acid composition, gut microbiota, and pork volatile organic compound profile in finishing pigs.","authors":"Mingyang Tan, Zhenglei Shen, Enfa Yan, Boyang Wan, Linjuan He, Qiuyu Zeng, Jingdong Yin","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01496-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01496-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pork quality is a crucial factor influencing consumer purchasing decisions. Previous research has indicated that dietary amino acids such as lysine, arginine, and tryptophan can significantly affect meat quality in finishing pigs. However, the role of phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, in influencing meat quality has not been fully clarified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we investigated the effects of increasing dietary phenylalanine/lysine (P/L) ratios on meat quality using castrated finishing barrows. The results showed that dietary P/L ratios of 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05 did not affect carcass traits compared with the control ratio of 0.60 (P > 0.05). Pigs fed a diet with a P/L ratio of 0.75 exhibited a significant increase in meat a^* value at 45 min postmortem (P = 0.01), along with alterations in fatty acid profiles and gut microbiota compositions. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that the fatty acid metabolic pathway was significantly enriched in predicted functional potential of the gut microbiota under the 0.75 P/L treatment, and Coprococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group, and Dialister were significantly correlated with muscle fatty acid profiles (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the PLSR analysis showed that muscle C8:0, C10:0, and C24:1 were negatively correlated with pork volatile organic compounds (VOCs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that dietary P/L ratios affected gut microbiota composition in castrated finishing barrows, as well as meat color, fatty acid composition, and free amino acid profiles of pork. Moreover, fatty acids (specifically C8:0, C10:0, and C24:1) correlated with gut microbiota and were associated with differences in the VOC profile between the 0.75 and 0.60 P/L ratio groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-driven indole-3-propionic acid and kynurenine production is associated with improved metabolic adaptation in periparturient dairy cows.","authors":"Xiaojing Liu, Zhantao Yang, Xinyue Zhang, Weixuan Tang, Yajing Wang, Zhijun Cao, Hongjian Yang, Wei Wang, Yangyi Hao, Shengli Li","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01497-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01497-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal microbes convert tryptophan into various bioactive metabolites that influence host energy metabolism; however, these mechanisms are not well understood in periparturient dairy cows, which experience marked metabolic challenges during this period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we used periparturient dairy cows with rumen and ileal cannulas as in vivo models. Blood, rumen fluid, ileal digesta, and fecal samples were collected at four time points during the periparturient period. By combining metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and targeted metabolite quantification, we characterized microbial tryptophan metabolism and associated metabolite profiles during the periparturient period. The results showed that postpartum cows exhibited significantly increased serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and total bilirubin (T-Bil) compared with prepartum cows, together with decreased levels of several tryptophan metabolites, including indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and kynurenine (KYN), indicating that tryptophan deficiency might aggravate metabolic disturbances. Metagenomic analysis identified 578 high-quality MAGs, of which 461 contained genes involved in microbial tryptophan metabolic pathways. Among these, the ruminal taxon CAG-791 harbors acdA and contributes to IPA production, whereas the hindgut taxon Treponema_D harbors kynB and promotes KYN formation. Decreases in both taxa were consistent with the reduced levels of these metabolites observed above. In a follow-up in vivo trial with tryptophan supplementation, the abundance of CAG-791 and Treponema_D increased, along with tryptophan-derived metabolites (IPA and KYN), which further partially mitigated metabolic disturbances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings characterize spatial and temporal changes in tryptophan metabolites and gut microbial features in periparturient dairy cows, and provide integrated evidence that alterations in tryptophan metabolism are associated with postpartum metabolic adaptation, thereby supporting the potential of tryptophan-targeted nutritional strategies to improve metabolic health in dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148931971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global spatiotemporal patterns of bovine mastitis pathogens from 2000 to 2025: a meta-analysis for precision dairy health.","authors":"Kai Yang, Guiqiu Hu, Zimo Pei, Meng Lan, Yu Cao, Xuanting Liu, Juxiong Liu, Dewei He, Wenjin Guo, Shoupeng Fu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01488-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01488-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent and economically damaging disease affecting dairy production worldwide. The disease can reduce milk yield and quality, shorten productive herd life, and compromise animal welfare and farm profitability. Although the spectra of responsible pathogens vary widely across regions, climates, and farming systems, long-term global spatiotemporal data that could guide mastitis resistance breeding and precision nutritional strategies remain limited. This meta-analysis aimed to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of bovine mastitis pathogens and to evaluate their associations with geography, climate, cattle breed, and husbandry systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 137 studies published between 2000 and 2025 were included, covering 37 countries and 208,510 dairy cows. The pooled prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the five dominant pathogens were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, 19.59% (95% CI: 17.00%-22.47%); Streptococcus spp., 17.29% (95% CI: 15.14%-19.66%); Escherichia coli, 13.86% (95% CI: 11.22%-17.00%); Coagulase-negative staphylococci, 15.49% (95% CI: 10.12%-22.99%); and Klebsiella spp., 9.92% (95% CI: 7.38%-13.20%). Overall, the pathogen spectrum clearly changed temporally over the 25-year period, with Klebsiella spp. exhibiting the most pronounced upward signal. Subgroup analyses suggested pathogen-specific variability across geographies and climates. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was observed in plateau climates and Africa. At the continent level, Streptococcus spp. were more prevalent in Europe and Asia, whereas climactically, they were more prevalent in plateau and tropical climates. Coagulase-negative staphylococci had the highest continental prevalence in Europe, while climate-specific estimates of its prevalence were relatively high in tropical and subtropical zones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides long-term global evidence of the substantial temporal and geographic variability of the patterns of various bovine mastitis pathogens, including pathogen-specific evidence for geographic and climatic differences. These spatiotemporal patterns provide important etiological evidence for the targeted genetic improvement of mastitis resistance and pathogen-specific nutritional interventions. These findings provide essential etiological evidence for integrating multidisciplinary technologies including animal breeding, animal nutrition and farm health management to improve bovine mammary health, raise production efficiency and advance the sustainable development of dairy farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene microplastics impair sheep spermatogenesis by disrupting rumen microbiota-derived butyrate signaling.","authors":"Juanjuan Song, Keyan Ma, Xingcai Qi, Dengpan Li, Xingxu Zhao, Youji Ma","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01490-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01490-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microplastics are emerging environmental contaminants with male reproductive toxicity; however, their effects on ruminants and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, male Hu lambs were exposed to dietary polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) at 0, 75, and 150 mg/kg diet for 120 d, followed by a 180-d recovery period. PS-MPs exposure caused persistent testicular injury, characterized by disrupted seminiferous architecture and enhanced germ cell apoptosis. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed impaired spermatogonial differentiation, accompanied by suppression of Nrf2-associated antioxidant responses. Metabolomic profiling further identified dysregulation of glutathione metabolism in both testis and plasma. Importantly, PS-MPs were not detected in testicular tissue, suggesting that detectable direct particle accumulation was unlikely to be the primary driver of toxicity. Instead, rumen analyses showed that PS-MPs altered microbial composition, notably reducing butyrate-producing bacteria, accompanied by sustained decreases in ruminal butyrate and circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). To investigate the potential involvement of rumen-derived butyrate in PS-MPs-induced testicular toxicity, sodium butyrate was supplemented to PS-MPs-exposed lambs. Dynamic analyses showed that ruminal butyrate recovered first, followed by circulating BHB, then systemic inflammation and oxidative status, and finally testicular damage was alleviated with restoration of Nrf2 signaling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that PS-MPs exposure disrupts spermatogenesis in sheep through rumen-derived butyrate alterations rather than detectable direct tissue accumulation. This study provides insight into microplastic-induced testicular toxicity and supports the rumen microbiota-metabolite axis as a potential mechanistic link underlying distal organ toxicity in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}