Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02033-3

Dingxin Huang,Yung Doug Suh,Guanying Chen

引用次数: 0

Recent progress in the patterning of perovskite films for photodetector applications. 光电探测器用钙钛矿薄膜的图案化研究进展。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z

Chuantao Hu,Bo Li,Xiaoyue Wang,Chi Liu,Dongming Sun,Huiming Cheng

{"title":"Recent progress in the patterning of perovskite films for photodetector applications.","authors":"Chuantao Hu,Bo Li,Xiaoyue Wang,Chi Liu,Dongming Sun,Huiming Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01958-z","url":null,"abstract":"Photodetectors, as the core devices for optical signal conversion, need to balance high efficiency, fast response, and low-cost fabrication. Perovskite, with its advantages of high carrier mobility and tunable band gaps, have become an ideal alternative to silicon-based materials. This paper systematically reviews the progress in the patterned fabrication techniques and device construction of perovskite photodetectors across various dimensional material systems. First, it introduces five mainstream patterned fabrication methods for perovskites: template-confined growth, inkjet printing, vapor deposition, seed-induced growth, and conventional photolithography. Then, the latest research on image sensors based on perovskite materials in different dimensions is discussed. Following this, the paper highlights two promising application directions with great development potential: flexible wearable devices and electrochemical vision systems. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions for the future development of patterned perovskite photodetectors are presented to guide the development of high-performance perovskite optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-highly linear Ga2O3-based cascade heterojunctions optoelectronic synapse with thousands of conductance states for neuromorphic visual system. 神经形态视觉系统中具有数千个电导状态的超线性ga2o3级联异质结光电突触。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9

Peng Li,Xuanyu Shan,Ya Lin,Yi Du,Jiangang Ma,Zhongqiang Wang,Xiaoning Zhao,Ye Tao,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu

{"title":"Ultra-highly linear Ga2O3-based cascade heterojunctions optoelectronic synapse with thousands of conductance states for neuromorphic visual system.","authors":"Peng Li,Xuanyu Shan,Ya Lin,Yi Du,Jiangang Ma,Zhongqiang Wang,Xiaoning Zhao,Ye Tao,Haiyang Xu,Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01897-9","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrawide bandgap semiconductor optoelectronic synapses can perform high-parallel computing with a low false alarm rate, making them ideal for building deep-ultraviolet (DUV) neuromorphic visual system (NVS). However, the rapid carrier recombination in these optoelectronic synapses results in a poor number of conductance states and a low linear weight update protocol, consequently degrading the image recognition accuracy of DUV NVSs. This work proposes a type of cascade heterojunctions capable of finely tuning the dynamics of photogenerated carriers, utilizing aluminum interdigital electrodes sandwiched between tin-doped Ga2O3 and oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (GTO/Al/HfOx) films. The built-in fields at the GTO/HfOx heterojunction and the Al/HfOx hole Schottky junction interfaces facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers and the subsequent trapping of holes by the oxygen defects in the HfOx, respectively. The GTO/Al/HfOx optoelectronic synapses exhibit an ultrahigh responsivity of over 104 A/W and a large photo-to-dark current ratio of 6 × 105, which results in exceptional synaptic plasticity with unprecedented 4096 conductance states and excellent linearity with a fitting coefficient of 0.992. These attributes enable the GTO/Al/HfOx optoelectronic synapses to execute logical operations with fault-tolerance capability and to achieve high-accuracy fingerprint classification. The innovative cascade heterojunctions design, along with the elucidated carrier dynamics modulation mechanism, facilitates the development of DUV NVSs.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"99 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Edge states jointly determined by eigenvalue and eigenstate winding. 边缘状态由特征值和特征态绕组共同决定。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02038-y

Jinbing Hu,Yixin Sha,Yi Yang

引用次数: 0

Localization of single molecules with structured illumination and structured detection. 用结构照明和结构检测定位单分子。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01980-1

Luciano A Masullo

引用次数: 0

Shaping the light of VCSELs through cavity geometry design. 通过腔体几何设计塑造vcsel的光。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7

Hang Lu,Omar Alkhazragi,Heming Lin,Tien Khee Ng,Boon S Ooi

{"title":"Shaping the light of VCSELs through cavity geometry design.","authors":"Hang Lu,Omar Alkhazragi,Heming Lin,Tien Khee Ng,Boon S Ooi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01996-7","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are essential in modern optoelectronic systems, driving applications in high-speed optical communications, 3D sensing, and LiDAR. While significant progress has been made in improving VCSEL performance, the role of cavity geometry in optimizing key optical characteristics remains insufficiently explored. This study systematically examines how distinct cavity geometries-circular, square, D-shaped, mushroom-shaped, and pentagonal-affect both the static and dynamic properties of broad-area VCSELs. We analyze their effects on optical power, multimode behavior, beam profile, spatial coherence, and polarization dynamics. Our results show that breaking the continuous rotational symmetry of the cavity effectively increases gain utilization and power, changes the multimode lasing characteristics, shapes the beam, and modifies the polarization. Notably, the pentagonal VCSEL exhibits more than twice the optical power density of its circular counterpart. It also supports the highest number of modes and the fastest mode dynamics, driven by strong mode interaction. These properties make it a strong candidate for high-speed entropy generation. Mushroom-shaped VCSELs demonstrate high power and low spatial coherence, making them ideal for speckle-free imaging and illumination applications. Meanwhile, D-shaped VCSELs provide the most stable polarization and controllable multimode behavior with high power, showcasing their potential for applications that require stable and low-coherence light sources. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of cavity geometry on VCSEL performance, which provides insights for optimizing VCSEL designs tailored to diverse applications that require distinct properties with broad applicability to advanced imaging, sensing, optical coherence tomography, high-speed communication, and other photonic technologies.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"92 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coherent detector for the non-separability measurement of vectorial structured light. 用于矢量结构光不可分性测量的相干探测器。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1

Yize Liang,Shuai Cao,Lixian Liu,Fei Liu,Xukun Yin,Pei Lv,Yiming Zhang,Yunrui Zou,Liang Fang,Shuang Zheng,Zhenyu Wan,Teli Xi,Xiaopeng Shao,Jian Wang

{"title":"Coherent detector for the non-separability measurement of vectorial structured light.","authors":"Yize Liang,Shuai Cao,Lixian Liu,Fei Liu,Xukun Yin,Pei Lv,Yiming Zhang,Yunrui Zou,Liang Fang,Shuang Zheng,Zhenyu Wan,Teli Xi,Xiaopeng Shao,Jian Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02035-1","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence distorts the complex wavefront of light in free-space optical communication systems, leading to bit errors and even communication interruptions. Recently, it is found that the non-separability of vectorial structured light remains invariant when transmitting through atmospheric turbulence. This discovery offers a potential solution for turbulence-resilient communications-encoding based on the non-separability of vectorial structured light. To achieve such turbulence-resilient communications, efficient detection of the non-separability of vectorial structured light is essential, which acts as the receivers of such communication systems. So far, traditional non-separability detection schemes usually rely on bulky SLMs or DMDs, facing inherent trade-offs between single-shot capability and system compactness. In addition, the detection of mode-resolved non-separability contributions of vectorial superposition states has not yet been accomplished. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent detector to characterize the non-separability of vectorial structured light based on off-axis digital holography, which overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches by digitally decomposing spatial modes. Our approach may pave the way for turbulence-resilient optical communications based on non-separability coding methods and bring new insights into non-separability measurement.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-life practice of Kelleni's protocol in treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 HV.1 and JN.1 subvariants. Kelleni方案在SARS-CoV-2 HV.1和JN.1亚变体治疗和暴露后预防中的现实实践

世界病毒学杂志(英文版) Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107903

Mina Thabet Kelleni

{"title":"Real-life practice of Kelleni's protocol in treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 HV.1 and JN.1 subvariants.","authors":"Mina Thabet Kelleni","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107903","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107903","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the evolving real-world practice using nitazoxanide, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and/or azithromycin (Kelleni's protocol) to manage the evolving manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron EG.5.1, its descendant HV.1 as well as BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1 subvariants in Egypt in 2024. These subvariants are well-known for their highly evolved immune-evasive properties and the manifestations include some peculiar manifestations as persistent cough besides high fever in young children as well as high fever, persistent severe cough, change of voice, loss of taste and smell, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized malaise and marked bone aches in adults including the high-risk groups. It's suggested that the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution is continuing to mostly affect the high-risk groups of patients, to some of whom we've also successfully prescribed nitazoxanide and/or NSAIDs for post-exposure prophylaxis of all household contacts. We also continue to recommend starting the immune-modulatory antiviral Kelleni's protocol as soon as possible in the course of infection and adjusting it in a personalized manner to be more aggressive from the beginning for the high risk patients, at least until the currently encountered surge of infections subsides.","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"107903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hepatitis C virus-associated cardiomyopathy: A review of pathogenesis. 丙型肝炎病毒相关心肌病：发病机制综述

世界病毒学杂志(英文版) Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108754

Inderjeet Singh Bharaj, Gurkaranvir Singh, Ajit Singh Brar, Aayushi Kacheria, Jasraj Kahlon, Billal Mohmand, Aalam Sohal, Beeletsega T Yeneneh

{"title":"Hepatitis C virus-associated cardiomyopathy: A review of pathogenesis.","authors":"Inderjeet Singh Bharaj, Gurkaranvir Singh, Ajit Singh Brar, Aayushi Kacheria, Jasraj Kahlon, Billal Mohmand, Aalam Sohal, Beeletsega T Yeneneh","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108754","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108754","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects millions of individuals globally and is linked to dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy via complex direct viral, immune, and metabolic mechanisms, often exacerbated by cirrhosis, increasing cardiovascular morbidity.Aim: To review the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in patients infected with HCV and investigate its clinical implications.Methods: A narrative literature review (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar; 1990-2024) focused on English-language studies examining the HCV-cardiomyopathy link, pathophysiology, and treatment. The findings were qualitatively synthesized.Results: HCV drives cardiomyopathy through direct viral toxicity, immune damage, genetic factors, and apoptosis. The associated cirrhosis contributes via cirrhotic cardiomyopathy mechanisms. Clinically, HCV increases cardiovascular events. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) generally improve cardiovascular outcomes by reducing adverse events and enhancing cardiac function.Conclusion: HCV is a significant cardiomyopathy risk factor involving diverse pathways, including cirrhosis. DAA therapy offers cardiovascular benefits. Further research on the underlying mechanisms, biomarkers (e.g., M2BPGi, Ang-2), and global DAA access is warranted.","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"108754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study characteristics on health-related quality of life in older people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A narrative review. 老年人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者健康相关生活质量的研究特点：叙述性综述

世界病毒学杂志(英文版) Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111071

Phan Sok, Mary V Seeman, Sean B Rourke

{"title":"Study characteristics on health-related quality of life in older people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A narrative review.","authors":"Phan Sok, Mary V Seeman, Sean B Rourke","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111071","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are aging as a result the benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy.Aim: To provide descriptions of eligible existing studies on demographics, methodologies, and outcome measures related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the context of HIV and aging.Methods: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched using the terms HIV, age, and HRQoL to find studies published between January 1995 and June 2022. Key variables of the eligible studies were identified and categorized into demographics (e.g., study sites, study year), methodologies (e.g., use of conceptual frameworks, measures used), and outcome measures [e.g., HRQoL, quality of life (QoL)]. The PRISMA 2009 checklist was followed.Results: A total of 68 published studies involving 53504 participants were included. The majority of the studies (55.88%) were conducted in North America, with relatively few studies conducted in Africa. The median age of participants was 51.0 years (IQR = 11.0). Over one-third (32.56%) of all participants were older people living with HIV aged 50 years and older Four studies included only older female participants, and six studies included only men who have sex with men. Outcome measures were assessed as HRQoL (26.47%) or QoL (36.76%). Overall, data from African studies, older women living with HIV, socioeconomic status (e.g., employment, income, education), sexual behavioral risks, theoretical frameworks used, and follow-up studies were limited.Conclusion: This narrative review highlights imbalances and gaps in research on HRQoL in the context of HIV and aging, providing direction for future studies in this area.","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"111071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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