理学最新文献

{"title":"Non hepatotropic virus induced hepatitis - rising importance in a changing world.","authors":"Gautam Ray","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107905","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical aspects of non-hepatotropic viruses is becoming increasingly important in lieu of the rising incidence of acute liver injury caused by them in various circumstances. Broadly, they include the <i>Herpesviridae</i> group, the hemorrhagic fever viruses and certain respiratory viruses that infect the liver. They can affect both the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised individual, more commonly the latter as part of disseminated systemic infection with symptoms ranging from self-limited transaminitis to acute liver failure Various reasons for their rising importance are increased exposure to these viruses by way of: (1) Overcrowding, climatic and environmental changes, increasing tourism and settlement in hitherto unexplored areas where they are endemic and spread either by direct contact or through local fauna which serve as their reservoir host; and (2) Tampering with the normal protective human immunity by using immunomodulator drugs in scenarios of organ transplants, immune and non-immune related inflammatory disorders and various cancers, all of which are rising in incidence due to the aging world population living longer with many comorbidities. As such infections are relatively rare with non-specific presentation, and self-limited clinical course, they are seldom thought of or investigated for in the early disease stages which lead to the development of complications. This review of the most common non-hepatotropic viruses focusses on their epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management. They should be listed in the differential diagnosis of acute liver injury in appropriate clinical setting like recent travel to endemic areas, immunocompromised state, or exposure to these viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"107905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-hospital proton pump inhibitor use and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Harinivaas Shanmugavel Geetha, Sushmita Prabhu, Mithil Gowda Suresh, George M Abraham, Akshaya Sekar, Safia Mohamed, Abinesh Sekar, Juniali Hatwal, Aalam Sohal, Akash Batta","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109170","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications globally. While concerns exist regarding their association with adverse infection-related outcomes, their impact on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity remains uncertain. Emerging preclinical data suggest immunomodulatory and antiviral properties of PPIs, yet clinical evidence is conflicting.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate whether chronic pre-hospital PPI use is associated with improved outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adult inpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection admitted to a racially and ethnically diverse community hospital in Massachusetts from July 2021 to March 2022. Patients were stratified by documented pre-hospital PPI use. The primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for invasive mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for demographics, comorbidities, and treatment variables. Significance was set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 248 patients, 83 (33.4%) were on PPIs prior to hospitalization. Compared to non-users, PPI users had significantly lower rates of ICU admission (13.3% <i>vs</i> 24.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.034), mechanical ventilation (13.3% <i>vs</i> 25.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.027), and in-hospital mortality (6.0% <i>vs</i> 17.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.013). Multivariable analysis confirmed these associations: ICU admission [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 0.462, 95%CI: 0.223-0.955], mechanical ventilation (aOR: 0.447, 95%CI: 0.216-0.923), and mortality (aOR: 0.144, 95%CI: 0.031-0.677). Findings were consistent across demographic and comorbidity strata.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this diverse, real-world United States cohort, chronic pre-hospital PPI use was independently associated with lower odds of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality among COVID-19 inpatients. These findings highlight a potentially protective role of PPIs and support continued therapy in eligible patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"109170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of sustained human immunodeficiency virus viral-load suppression before and after the adoption of Treat All policy in Rwanda.","authors":"Hafidha Bakari Mhando, Jackson Sebeza, Haji M Ally, Hassan F Fussi, Lynn Moshi, Rahma Musoke, Mariam S Mbwana, Maximillian F Karia, Leticia F Karia, Taylor Lascko, Habib O Ramadhani, Gallican Rwibasira","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sustained viral load (VL) suppression is an important indicator of successful treatment among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess trends of different VL outcomes before and after adoption of the Treat All policy among people living with HIV in Rwanda<b>.</b></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2014 and 2017, VL suppression [VL suppression (VLS) < 200 copies/mL] was measured among people living with HIV from 28 healthcare facilities in Rwanda. Participant VL was measured at 6 months, 18 months, and 30 months. The unit of analysis was visit-pair, with subjects across four visit-pair categories: (1) Sustained VL suppression (VL < 200 copies/mL at two consecutive visits); (2) Persistent viremia (VL ≥ 200 copies/mL at two consecutive visits); (3) Viral rebound (VL < 200 copies/mL at prior visit only); and (4) Newly suppressed (VL < 200 copies/mL at subsequent visit only). Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with sustained VLS. To handle missing data, multiple imputations was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 634 participants contributed 973 visit-pairs (295 single pairs and 339 double pairs). The median age was 37 years (interquartile range: 32-43 years). The incidence rates of sustained VLS, persistent viremia, viral rebound, and new suppression were 85.2%, 4.3%, 4.6%, and 5.7%, respectively. Young individuals aged 18-24 years had higher incidence of viral rebound compared to those 25 years or older (14.8% <i>vs</i> 4.3%; <i>P</i> = 0.011). Of the visit-pairs that had sustained VLS during the first two visits (49.8%; <i>n</i> = 485), 56.7% exhibited sustained VLS throughout follow-up. Compared to having no education, having at least primary education was associated with an increased likelihood of sustained VLS (aIRR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17). Those who presented with advanced HIV disease at baseline had a 12% reduced likelihood of sustained VLS (aIRR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.79-0.99). Achieving sustained VLS did not differ before or after adoption of the Treat All policy. When the analysis was repeated on imputed datasets, similar results were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although most people living with HIV have sustained VLS in Rwanda, individuals without formal education, those presenting with advanced HIV, and younger individuals were lagging on multiple outcomes. Interventions tailored to these individuals would improve treatment outcomes to achieve epidemic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"107008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-speed all-optical neural networks empowered spatiotemporal mode multiplexing.","authors":"Fu Feng,Xiaolong Li,Ziyang Zhang,Jiaan Gan,Xiaocong Yuan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02007-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02007-5","url":null,"abstract":"Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, characterized by a helical phase structure and phase singularity, have emerged as a powerful resource for high-capacity optical communications through mode-division multiplexing (MDM). Traditional OAM multiplexing systems operating solely in the spatial domain face significant challenges, including increased system complexity, inter-modal crosstalk, and limited scalability. Recent advances have explored hybrid multiplexing schemes combining OAM with wavelength or polarization degrees of freedom, demonstrating Pbit/s level transmission capacities. However, these systems predominantly rely on continuous-wave lasers and external modulators, which constrain their applicability in challenging environments, whereas pulsed lasers provide superior peak power, enhanced transmission robustness, and the potential for implementation of OAM lasers, which generally emit pulsed OAM beams. Here, we report an OAM-based spatiotemporal multiplexing (OAM-STM) technique that synergistically implements pulsed OAM beams with a diffractive deep neural network (D2NN) and optical fiber delay lines to project spatial mode information into the temporal domain. This approach leverages the full potential of pulsed laser sources by activating the underutilized time dimension, thereby overcoming the repetition-rate bottleneck and enhancing channel throughput. We experimentally demonstrate an OAM-based spatiotemporal demultiplexer achieving demultiplexing speed limited only by the bandwidth of the photodiode if OAM generation is fast enough. In the meantime, the architecture is intrinsically compatible with high-repetition-rate OAM sources, offering the entire system the scalability to GHz rates. This work establishes a foundational framework for high-speed, all-optical, and high-capacity OAM-STM systems, with promising implications for free-space optical communication, underwater communication links, and other complex environments.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive large-scale imaging of concurrent neuronal, astrocytic, and hemodynamic activity with hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI).","authors":"Zhenyue Chen,Yi Chen,Irmak Gezginer,Qingxiang Ding,Hikari A I Yoshihara,Xosé Luís Deán-Ben,Ruiqing Ni,Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02003-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02003-9","url":null,"abstract":"A critical gap currently exists in systematic understanding and experimental validation of the role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling and their functional links with other brain cells. Despite a broad selection of functional neuroimaging tools for multi-scale brain interrogations, no methodology currently exists that can discern responses from neural and glial cells while simultaneously mapping the associated hemodynamic activity on a large scale. We present a hybrid multiplexed fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (HyFMRI) platform for measuring neuronal and astrocytic activity registered to concurrently recorded brain-wide hemodynamic responses. It features a fiberscope-based imaging system for multichannel fluorescence and optical intrinsic signal recordings and a custom surface radiofrequency coil, which are incorporated into the bore of a preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. We used HyFMRI to study peripheral-stimulus-evoked brain responses in mice differentially labeled with RCaMP and GCaMP genetically-encoded calcium indicators. Stimulation-evoked neuronal responses displayed the fastest kinetics and highest activation amplitude followed by astrocytic signals and the hemodynamic responses simultaneously recorded with functional MRI. In addition, the activation traces from neurons and astrocytes exhibited high linear correlation, thus providing direct evidence of astrocytic mediation in neurovascular coupling. This newly developed capacity to capture cell-type-specific calcium signaling alongside whole-brain hemodynamics enables the simultaneous investigation of neuro-glial-vascular interactions in health and disease. HyFMRI thus expands the current neuroimaging toolbox for a wide range of studies into synaptic plasticity, neural circuitry, brain function and disorders.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lassa fever: A comprehensive review of virology, clinical management, and global health implications.","authors":"Praveen Kumar Uppala, Sita Kumari Karanam, Naga Vishnu Kandra, Sandhya Edhi","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108405","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.108405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lassa fever (LF) is a serious acute viral hemorrhagic illness that is endemic to West Africa where it affects an estimated two million people and results in up to 10000 deaths each year. The disease is caused by the Lassa virus (LASV), part of the Arenaviridae family, and is primarily transmitted through contact with urine or feces of infected <i>Mastomys natalensis</i> rodents. Human-to-human transmission, particularly in healthcare and community settings, further amplifies the risk of spread. Since its discovery in 1969, LF continues to be a neglected tropical disease with significant health impacts, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant females and those with weakened immune systems. The clinical spectrum of LF varies from mild, flu-like symptoms to severe complications including bleeding, brain inflammation, and multiple organ dysfunction with neonates and pregnant female showing the highest fatality rates. Accurate diagnosis is hindered by symptom overlap with common regional illnesses such as malaria and typhoid, underlining the urgent need for strengthened diagnostic infrastructure and rapid testing methods. While ribavirin remains the main antiviral treatment, its effectiveness depends heavily on early administration. Currently, no approved vaccine exists; however, promising candidates like vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)ΔG-LASVGPC, INO-4500, and measles virus-based (MV)-LASV are undergoing preclinical and early-phase clinical evaluation, exhibiting encouraging immune responses in animal and human studies. A comprehensive strategy combining public health education, rodent control measures, robust infection prevention in clinical settings, and international cooperation in vaccine and drug research is essential to curb the impact of LF.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"108405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake and disparities in tuberculosis screening using urine-lipoarabinomannan among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus-disease in Africa: A systematic review.","authors":"Lynn Moshi, Hafidha Mhando Bakari, Jackline Vicent Mbishi, Zuhura Mbwana Ally, Mariam Salim Mbwana, Haji Mbwana Ally, Rahma Musoke, Swalehe Mustafa Salim, Maximillian Francis Karia, Leticia Francis Karia, Hassan Fredrick Fussi, Aboubakar Omar Mustafa, Ibrahim Ahmed El-Lmam, Habib Omari Ramadhani","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107214","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake, TB diagnosis, TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024. TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease (CD4 ≤ 200 cells/mm³ or WHO stage III/IV) who tested for TB. Using random effects models, we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake, TB prevalence, TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs. Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children <i>vs</i> adults and multisite <i>vs</i> single site studies was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6% (95%CI: 49.2-80.1). The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4% (95%CI: 22.0-36.8), and TB treatment initiation was 77.9% (95%CI: 63.9-91.8), and mortality was 19.5% (95%CI: 8.9-30.0). The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults (28.2% <i>vs</i> 66.4%, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies (58.8% <i>vs</i> 82.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.002). The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults (24.2% <i>vs</i> 27.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.012) and higher among studies that involved multi <i>vs</i> single sites (30.0% <i>vs</i> 21.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO, indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB. Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"107214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic hepatitis B: Is it time for expanded antiviral treatment?","authors":"Manish Manrai, Atul A Jha, Aditya V Pachisia, Saurabh Dawra","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.103347","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.103347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An estimated 3%-4% of people are living with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and without treatment, the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is an omnipresent threat. Prevention of HCC is a major challenge, as the association between viral suppression and HCC risk reduction is multifactorial, involving the progressive depletion of hepatocytes through covalently closed circular DNA integration, as well as the prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Despite effective and cheap antiviral treatment capable of suppressing HBV replication and thereby cirrhosis and HCC, the current indications for therapy need revision and more research to expand the gamut and treat more infected people. In this review, we discuss the possible expansion of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis B to prevent cirrhosis and, importantly, HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"103347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome and viral infections: A hidden nexus for immune protection.","authors":"Ajay M Gavkare, Neeta L Nanaware, Mahesh N Sonar, Shree V Dhotre, Sachin S Mumbre, Basavraj S Nagoba","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111912","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.111912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses, influencing susceptibility to viral infections, shaping disease progression, and its outcomes. Emerging research highlights the intricate relationship between gut microbial communities and viral pathogenesis, demonstrating that dysbiosis can compromise antiviral defenses while a balanced microbiome enhances immune resilience. This review explores key microbial mechanisms, including microbiome-mediated immune modulation, interactions with viral replication, and the impact of microbiome on systemic inflammation, highlighting how dietary interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and bioactive compounds, offer potential strategies to modulate gut microbiota and mitigate viral infections. Special emphasis is placed on viruses affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, norovirus, and influenza. Furthermore, we explore how nutrition-driven microbiome interventions may serve as adjunct therapeutic strategies, improving vaccine efficacy and post-viral recovery. Understanding the role of gut microbiome in viral infections can pave the way for microbiome-driven strategies to combat viral diseases and improve overall health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"111912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in avian influenza virus: Molecular pathogenesis, emerging strains, and next-generation therapeutics.","authors":"Basavraj S Nagoba, Shree V Dhotre, Mahesh N Sonar, Ajay M Gavkare, Sachin S Mumbre, Pradnya S Dhotre","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109161","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) represent an ongoing threat to global health due to their capacity for genetic evolution, zoonotic transmission, and pandemic emergence. This review highlights recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AIV infection, including viral immune evasion strategies and host-virus interactions. It discusses recent outbreaks involving reassortant strains such as H5N1 and H9N2, and examines their public health consequences. Advancements in antiviral therapy, including resistance patterns, and the development of next-generation vaccines such as messenger RNA and universal influenza vaccines are reviewed. The integration of genomic surveillance, artificial intelligence-driven prediction, and One Health approaches is emphasized as essential for pandemic preparedness. This comprehensive overview aims to provide researchers and policymakers with actionable insights for controlling the evolving threat of avian influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"109161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}