Teng Fei Zhang, Hai Tao Lv, Yue Ting Jin, Wen x Ting Jin, Hai Bo Wu, Qiu Sheng Li, Peng Xiang Liu, Zi Qiang Wu, Yao Zheng Zhang
{"title":"Roles of the PI3K/AKT Signalling Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Mini Review","authors":"Teng Fei Zhang, Hai Tao Lv, Yue Ting Jin, Wen x Ting Jin, Hai Bo Wu, Qiu Sheng Li, Peng Xiang Liu, Zi Qiang Wu, Yao Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230403.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230403.12","url":null,"abstract":": Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse group of malignant tumors originating from the bile duct and other sites in the biliary tree. Effective treatment methods for CCA are currently lacking. Therefore, understanding the genetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. This review focuses on the key roles of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in CCA tumor initiation and progression. Potential therapeutic approaches based on this pathway were also discussed. Results showed increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in CCA tissues and proteins like p85α, mTOR","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of Major Diseases of Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and Their Association with Altitude in the Central Part of Ethiopia","authors":"Yitagesu Tadesse, Asela Kesho, Dereje Amare","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230403.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230403.11","url":null,"abstract":": A study of the wheat diseases importance in different locations and associated factors has been limited in Ethiopia. As a result","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83520739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tuber Yield Loss Assessment of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) Due to Late Blight (<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>) Disease in Central Highland Parts of Ethiopia","authors":"Asela Kesho, Yitagesu Tadesse","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230402.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75552521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Sign-Detection-Scheme Using Modular Computation Technique for the Moduli Set {2<sup>n</sup>-1, 2<sup>n</sup>, 2<sup>n</sup>+1, 2<sup>(n+1)</sup>-1, 2<sup>2n</sup>-5}","authors":"Mohammed Ibrahim Daabo, Valentine Aveyom","doi":"10.11648/j.sf.20230401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sf.20230401.12","url":null,"abstract":": In computer arithmetic, one of the most important things to consider in hardware design is the ability of the system to detect and display numbers with their signs. This when properly managed will reduce errors and ensure hardware reliability. But interestingly, detecting and knowing the sign of a residue number during arithmetic operation is very difficult. Magnitude Comparison, Scaling and Number conversions are some of the other difficult operations in Residue Number System (RNS). Unlike the weighted number system, it is even extremely difficult to determine the sign of a number in an RNS architecture thereby hampering the full implementation RNS in general purpose computing. In this paper, an efficient sign detection algorithm for detecting the sign of a number in an RNS architecture is presented. In formulating the algorithms, X maximum, (X max ) is computed from the Dynamic Range, M=∏ ki=1 (m i ). Modular Computation Technique is employed as a converter to compute X from the residues (r 1 , r 2 , r 3 ) with respect to a given moduli set, say (cid:1) = { (cid:2) 1 , (cid:2) 2 …, (cid:2) n }. X is positive if X-X max <0 otherwise X is negative and the actual value is this case is computed as X-M. The moduli set {2 n -1, 2 n , 2 n +1, 2 (n+1) -1, 2 2n -5} is used for the system design implementation and for numerical illustrations. It is observed that the scheme effectively detects the sign of RNS numbers and theoretical analysis showed that simple hardware resources and low-power modular adders are used in the design. It is also observed that the scheme when implemented practically can help project RNS to be used in general purpose computing.","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Essentials for soil and water conservation in ecosystem management","authors":"Jia Dewen","doi":"10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.10.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"17 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89242751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics and tectonic significance of the early Paleozoic syenite granite from Jinchuan, Gansu Province","authors":"Zhang Xiaoxu, Su Shangguo, Li Meiyu, Wang Weizhu","doi":"10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"27 1","pages":"283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91083478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iron and manganese in shallow groundwater in Shijiazhuang: Distribution characteristics and a cause analysis","authors":"Zhang Xiaowen, He Jiangtao, Huang Guanxing","doi":"10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13745/J.ESF.SF.2020.7.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11503,"journal":{"name":"Earth Science Frontiers","volume":"98 1","pages":"206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74563868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}