{"title":"Sequence-Dependent Conformational Landscapes of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Reveal Asymmetric Chain Compaction.","authors":"Cong Wang,Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01329","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) exhibit highly dynamic and heterogeneous conformational ensembles that are strongly influenced by sequence features. While global properties such as chain compaction and scaling behavior have been widely studied, they often fail to resolve the fine-grained, sequence-specific structural variation that underlies IDP function. Here, we perform long-time scale atomistic simulations of 47 representative IDP sequences from the yeast proteome to systematically investigate the relationship between sequence composition and conformational ensemble. To analyze the high-dimensional structural data, we apply uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique that preserves local structural relationships. The resulting low-dimensional embeddings effectively differentiate IDP ensembles and reveal a novel descriptor─local compactness asymmetry─that quantifies directional differences in chain organization. This metric, denoted γRg, captures conformational features orthogonal to traditional global measures such as radius of gyration and end-to-end distance. We show that γRg correlates with sequence-level asymmetries in charge and hydropathy, and that conformational dynamics preferentially occur in the more extended region of the chain. The simulation data set generated in this work also provides a valuable resource for training machine learning models and developing improved coarse-grained force fields for disordered proteins.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ensemble-Based Precision Refinement of All-Atom Nucleic Acid Force Fields Guided by NMR NOE Pair-Distance Measurements.","authors":"Hyeonjun Kim,Youngshang Pak","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01075","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately modeling nucleic acid structure and dynamics remains challenging for all-atom simulations, especially for noncanonical motifs such as small loops and G-quadruplexes. Despite these advances, current all-atom classical force fields often fail to reproduce ensembles consistent with high-resolution experimental data. We present a systematic refinement strategy for AMBER-based force fields that incorporates nuclear Overhauser effect distance data from NMR experiments within an ensemble-averaged optimization framework. By selectively tuning van der Waals interaction pairs, this approach markedly reduces simulation-experiment discrepancies, removes persistent artifacts, and generates free energy landscapes that better reflect experimental observations. We demonstrate broad applicability across diverse DNA and RNA systems including flexible loops and G-quadruplexes. Overall, this transferable strategy significantly improves structural accuracy and predictive power, enabling more reliable modeling of complex nucleic acid conformational ensembles.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Wallace,Laura Riccardi,Fabrizio Mancin,Marco De Vivo
{"title":"A Scoring Function for Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles Capable of Recognizing Small Organic Molecules in Solution.","authors":"Joseph Wallace,Laura Riccardi,Fabrizio Mancin,Marco De Vivo","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01278","url":null,"abstract":"Ligand-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can act as self-organized nanoreceptors capable of selectively recognizing small organic molecules (analytes) in solution. This ability can be applied in several fields, with NMR chemosensing being a notable example. To advance the rational design of such AuNP-based nanosensors, we present a data-driven scoring function to rapidly estimate AuNP-analyte binding affinities, thus allowing fast in silico prescreening of ligand-coated AuNP sensors. This scoring function implements chemical similarity, hydrophobicity, and charge complementarity as key molecular descriptors, demonstrating excellent predictive accuracy when validated against experimental data (R2 = 0.85, MAE = 0.45 kcal/mol). Enhanced sampling molecular dynamics on representative systems revealed that ligand flexibility, monolayer packing, and hydrogen bonding critically shape binding interactions, particularly for weak binding systems. Together, these data-driven and atomistic insights offer a robust framework for the rational design and optimization of AuNP-based nanosensors.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory for Rotational Excitation of HDO in Collisions with H2: Symmetry Breaking Effects and Time-Dependent Dynamics.","authors":"Carolin Joy,Igor Gaidai,Alexandre Faure,Dmitri Babikov","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01401","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the mixed quantum/classical theory of inelastic scattering (MQCT) to the rotational excitation of the isotopically substituted water molecule, HDO, in collisions with hydrogen molecules is presented. Modification of the potential energy surface of thewater + hydrogen system, due to isotopic substitution, is described, and the effect of symmetry breaking is explored. It is found that the additional terms of potential expansion are significant and, therefore, are expected to play an important role during the collision process. The modeling of HDO + H2 collision is carried out using both the MQCT method and the full-quantum CC method of MOLSCAT, using the latter as a reliable benchmark. Both para- and ortho-states of projectile H2 are considered. The focus is on those transitions that become allowed in HDO due to symmetry breaking, in contrast to the symmetric H2O where the para-ortho transitions are forbidden. Very good agreement between the two methods is observed, not only for the total but also for partial cross sections of rotationally inelastic transitions in HDO. Moreover, the time-dependent MQCT method offers an additional insight into the process of molecule-molecule collision, rotational state excitation, and energy transfer between the collision partners. It reveals an important role of the excited rotational states of the projectile H2 molecule and shows that, at certain values of collision impact parameters (or orbital angular momentum), the stepladder of sequential state-to-state transitions may lead to a surprising distribution of final state populations in HDO.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Bodesheim, Alexander Croy, Gianaurelio Cuniberti
{"title":"Elastic Properties of Defective 2D Polymers from Regression Driven Coarse-Graining.","authors":"David Bodesheim, Alexander Croy, Gianaurelio Cuniberti","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are an interesting class of polymers due to their reticular synthetic assembly, which make them an ideal platform for designing materials with specific target properties. Predicting and understanding their elastic behavior is crucial for their application. However, a realistic calculation of their properties remains computationally challenging due to the ubiquitous presence of defects in synthesized 2DPs. Here, we introduce a coarse-graining (CG) approach based on elastic beams called <i>MikadoRR</i> with parameters extracted from a simple regression-based fitting. This approach allows us to accurately calculate the elastic properties of defective 2DPs up to the microscale. Furthermore, we show that design principles of 2DPs for tailored elastic properties can be derived from this CG model.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fangning Ren, Pinyuan Li, Xu Chen, Lechen Dong, Fang Liu
{"title":"Data-Driven Recommendation of Optimal Tuning Scheme for Range-Separated Hybrid Functionals in Solution-Phase UV/Vis Absorption Energy Prediction.","authors":"Fangning Ren, Pinyuan Li, Xu Chen, Lechen Dong, Fang Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) combined with range-separated hybrid (RSH) functionals and a tuned range-separation parameter γ offers a computationally economical approach for high-throughput excited-state property predictions. The γ-tuning procedure in the gas phase is well established. However, no agreement on the best γ-tuning procedure has been made when considering the solvent effect with implicit solvent models like the polarizable continuum model (PCM). To answer that question, this study created a diverse dataset with 937 molecules with experimental solution-phase UV/vis absorption spectra. Three γ-tuning methods, the gas-phase γ-tuning (GPγT), the partial vertical γ-tuning (PVγT), and the strict vertical γ-tuning (SVγT), were evaluated for the ωPBEh functional over the entire dataset. Additional benchmarks are done for the optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid combined with the PCM approach (SRSH-PCM) and the solvation-mediated tuning procedure (sol-med-OT). Our findings revealed that the optimal γ-values obtained by the PVγT and the SVγT are significantly smaller than the GPγT. This trend holds consistently across all molecules in our dataset, and we explained the origin of this phenomenon. TDDFT calculations with PVγT- and SVγT-tuned γ-values and default global Fock exchange fraction achieve superior performance compared to those using GPγT-tuned or default γ and slightly outperform SRSH-PCM and sol-med-OT with similar or lesser computational cost. Furthermore, we found that the smaller γ-values from SVγT captured the expected 1/(ε<i>R</i>) asymptotic behavior in the solution phase, resulting in accurate prediction of solution-phase CT excitations, consistent with the screened asymptote behavior encoded in SRSH-PCM. These results show that SVγT is the best scheme for high-throughput UV/vis absorption spectrum calculations using the ωPBEh functional from a data-driven perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defect-Driven Polaron Localization in π-Conjugated Systems: The Role of Spatial Correlation and Coulomb Binding.","authors":"Abhradeep Sarkar, Amiya Paul, Raja Ghosh","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defect engineering offers a powerful strategy to modulate polaron delocalization in π-conjugated materials; however, the complex interplay between different types of defects and dopant-induced Coulomb binding remains insufficiently understood. Here, we present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of hole-polaron transport using a Holstein-style Hamiltonian applied to π-conjugated lattices such as polymers and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that incorporate vacancy and linker defects, a disorder framework encompassing distributions of disordered sites, and dopant-induced Coulomb binding effects. Simulated mid-infrared signatures and polaron coherence numbers uncover distinct and nuanced behaviors, revealing how the spatial correlation (random vs correlated) of different defect types governs polaron delocalization pathways. While dopant counterions strongly localize polarons, their precise positioning relative to crystalline versus disordered domains critically modulates transport efficiency. To establish experimental relevance, we compare our simulations with polarized intrachain and interchain mid-infrared spectra of doped P3HT films, providing fundamental insights into how specific dopant-polymer configurations give rise to anisotropic spectroscopic signatures and their direct correlation with anisotropic polaron transport. The strong agreement between theory and experiment validates our predictions and establishes guiding principles for optimizing polaron transport in disordered π-conjugated materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ida Autiero,Damiano Buratto,Fengyi Guo,Wanding Wang,Malay Ranjan Biswal,Kevin C Chan,Ruhong Zhou,Francesco Zonta
{"title":"Assessing Computational Strategies for the Evaluation of Antibody Binding Affinities.","authors":"Ida Autiero,Damiano Buratto,Fengyi Guo,Wanding Wang,Malay Ranjan Biswal,Kevin C Chan,Ruhong Zhou,Francesco Zonta","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01231","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate evaluation of binding affinity is critical in drug discovery to identify molecules that bind strongly to their targets while minimizing off-target effects. Although binding affinity calculations are theoretically well defined, they require exhaustive sampling of configurational space, a step that often requires significant computational resources. In this study, we compare different methods for calculating the binding energy of antibodies targeting a peptide derived from the N-terminus of CXCR2, a GPCR-family protein. Contrary to some previous reports, we find that equilibrium molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) calculations yield better agreement with experimental binding affinities than nonequilibrium potential of mean force evaluations, underscoring the system-dependent performance of these methods. We also observed a modest improvement in accuracy when MMPBSA is combined with replica exchange molecular dynamics, albeit at a significantly higher computational cost. Calculation based on the Rosetta force field, instead, produced results that did not correlate with the experimental data. We attribute these findings to two factors, which could limit the applicability of some methodologies that are widely used in computing the binding energy: the high potency of the antibodies studied and the dominance of hydrophobic interactions between the antibodies and the peptide. Overall, this work provides important insights for optimizing in silico antibody screening strategies.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowles Partitioning from a Stationary Condition: Single- and Multireference Case.","authors":"Ágnes Szabados, András Gombás, Péter R Surján","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A stationary condition involving the first-order wave function of many-body perturbation theory (PT) is shown to lead to the partitioning introduced recently by Knowles (<i>J</i>. <i>Chem</i>. <i>Phys</i>., <i>156</i>, 011101 (<b>2022</b>)). This facilitates direct generalization for multireference (MR) PT schemes operating with a one-body Hamiltonian at zero-order. The essence of the method is an optimization of one-body integrals in the first-order interacting subspace, thereby achieving superior performance over Møller-Plesset (MP) type approaches. The stationary condition based extension, performed in the pivot-independent variant of the multiconfiguration PT (frame MCPT, fMCPT), rectifies the shortcomings of our previous MR adaptation. The resulting PT series comes close to the stationary condition-based extension, carried out in the complete active space PT (CASPT) formalism. Numerical results demonstrate that Knowles partitioning consistently outperforms MP partitioning in fMCPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capturing Electron Correlation with Machine Learning through a Data-Driven CASPT2 Framework.","authors":"Grier M Jones, Konstantinos D Vogiatzis","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multireference perturbation theory methods, such as complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2), are often employed to recover the missing electron correlation from multiconfigurational zeroth-order wave functions. Here, we introduce the data-driven CASPT2 (DDCASPT2) method to capture dynamic electron correlation using features generated from lower-level electronic structure methods, such as Hartree-Fock and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) theory. We examine the effects of system size, basis set size, and the number of two-electron excitations using a small, but diverse, set of molecules. We also provide insights into our physics-based feature set using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) analysis, a feature analysis method based on cooperative game theory. In this paper, we utilize these insights to introduce a DDCASPT2 method, which provides a machine-learning-based alternative to traditional single- and multistate CASPT2 for capturing dynamical electron correlation with near-CASPT2 quality accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}