{"title":"Assessment of RNA Force Fields for Dynamic Docking of Small Molecules Using Multicanonical MD Simulations.","authors":"Gert-Jan Bekker,Yoshifumi Fukunishi,Junichi Higo,Narutoshi Kamiya","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01114","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are increasingly important for analyzing RNA-ligand interactions, particularly in the context of therapeutic development. However, the accuracy of RNA force fields remains insufficiently assessed, partly due to the limited sampling efficiency of MD approaches and the lack of reliable docking protocols. To evaluate the performance of modern AMBER-based RNA force fields, we selected four small RNA-ligand complexes from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and executed dynamic docking simulations using one of the generalized ensemble methods, multicanonical MD, across five different force fields. We analyzed a total of 600 μs of simulation data, each reweighted to the canonical ensemble at physiological temperature. The resulting conformational ensembles varied across force fields for three of the four targets. Among the tested force fields, the parm99χOL3-vdWbb yielded the most accurate results based on our R-value analysis that measures the ligand-RNA native contacts, assuming the PDB structures represent the correct native conformations. However, further analysis revealed that some metastable, non-native RNA conformations had smaller intercalation sites with a closed binding pocket, resulting in shrinkage of the RNA molecules. These findings suggest that current RNA force fields may overstabilize non-native, closed conformations. The present simulations, methodology, analyses, and data offer valuable insights to guide the development of next-generation RNA force fields to better assess non-native RNA conformations.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"O1NumHess: A Fast and Accurate Seminumerical Hessian Algorithm Using Only O(1) Gradients.","authors":"Bo Wang, Shaohang Luo, Zikuan Wang, Wenjian Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we describe a new algorithm, O1NumHess, to calculate the Hessian of a molecular system by finite differentiation of gradients calculated at <i>O</i>(1) displaced geometries, instead of <i>O</i>(<i>N</i><sub>atom</sub>) displaced geometries (where <i>N</i><sub>atom</sub> is the number of atoms) as in the conventional seminumerical Hessian algorithm. Key to the reduction of the number of gradients is the off-diagonal low-rank (ODLR) property of Hessians, namely the blocks of the Hessian that correspond to two distant groups of atoms having low rank. This property reduces the number of independent entries of the Hessian from <i>O</i>(<i>N</i><sub>atom</sub><sup>2</sup>) to <i>O</i>(<i>N</i><sub>atom</sub>), such that <i>O</i>(1) gradients already contain enough information to uniquely determine the Hessian. Numerical results on model systems (long alkanes and polyenes), transition metal reactions (the WCCR10 set), and noncovalent complexes (the S30L-CI set) using the BDF program show that O1NumHess gives frequency, zero-point energy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy errors that are only about two times those of conventional double-sided seminumerical Hessians. Moreover, O1NumHess is always faster than the conventional numerical Hessian algorithm, frequently even faster than the analytic Hessian, and requires only about 100 gradients for sufficiently large systems. An open-source implementation of this method, which can also be applied to problems irrelevant to computational chemistry, is available on GitHub.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongpeng Yang, Jingli Han, Francesc Viñes, Francesc Illas
{"title":"Correction to \"Machine Learning Potential Analysis of Structural Transition in Cu and Ag Nanoparticles: From Icosahedral to Face-Centered Cubic\".","authors":"Yongpeng Yang, Jingli Han, Francesc Viñes, Francesc Illas","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ray Yang, Junchi Chen, Douglas Thibodeaux, Robert B Wexler
{"title":"FreeBird.jl: An Extensible Toolbox for Simulating Interfacial Phase Equilibria.","authors":"Ray Yang, Junchi Chen, Douglas Thibodeaux, Robert B Wexler","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present FreeBird.jl, an extensible Julia-based platform for computational studies of phase equilibria at generic interfaces. The package supports a range of system configurations, from atomistic solid surfaces to coarse-grained lattice-gas models, with energies evaluated using classical interatomic potentials or lattice Hamiltonians. Both atomistic and lattice systems accommodate single- or multicomponent mixtures with flexibly definable surface and lattice geometries. Implemented sampling algorithms include nested sampling, Wang-Landau sampling, Metropolis Monte Carlo, and, for tractable lattice systems, exact enumeration. Leveraging Julia's type hierarchies and multiple dispatch, FreeBird.jl provides a modular interface that allows seamless integration of system definitions, energy evaluators, and sampling schemes. Designed for flexibility, extensibility, and performance, FreeBird.jl offers a versatile framework for exploring the thermodynamics of interfacial phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Force Field-Driven Backmapping for Multiscale Molecular Dynamics.","authors":"Xu Guo,Andrew Abi-Mansour,Peter Ortoleva","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00677","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular Dynamics (MD) is a powerful simulation technique for capturing the dynamics and equilibrium properties of molecular and macromolecular systems at atomic resolution. However, MD faces significant practical challenges due to the limited time and spatial scales it can reach. To address these challenges, various coarse-grained (CG) and multiscale methods have been developed. In particular, Multiscale Factorization (MF) is a promising multiscale framework that provides a self-consistent and efficient way of coevolving the atomistic and CG states without requiring calibration of the CG model. MF achieves this coevolution by backmapping the CG state to an ensemble of all-atom microstates consistent with the latter. In this study, we introduce a force field-driven backmapping method that yields improved accuracy and numerical stability over existing methods, enabling the use of larger CG timesteps in the course of a multiscale simulation.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling the Evolution of Laser-Induced Electronic Coherences with Trajectory Surface Hopping.","authors":"Gilbert Grell,Jesús González-Vázquez,Francisco Fernández-Villoria,Alicia Palacios,Fernando Martín","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00531","url":null,"abstract":"Current attosecond XUV/X-ray pulses and few-fs UV pulses, with bandwidths up to several eV, can excite molecules in a coherent superposition of electronic states. Theoretical modeling of the ensuing dynamics requires accounting for the coupled motion of electrons and nuclei to capture the subtle interplay between the initial electronic coherence, decoherence induced by nuclear motion, and additional coherences that may emerge at conical intersections. In this work, we introduce Trajectory Surface Hopping with Projected Forces and Momenta (TSH-PFM), which accounts for these effects in a numerically inexpensive way and, therefore, is particularly suited to describe molecular dynamics arising from an initial coherent superposition of electronic states. We demonstrate its performance by comparing with previously reported quantum mechanical results for the BMA[5,5], para-xylene, and fulvene molecules by working in full dimensionality. Application of the TSH-PFM method to the glycine molecule shows that the initial electronic coherences can have a dramatic impact in the charge distribution over the molecule at the very early stages of the dynamics.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FC2DES+HT: Including Herzberg-Teller Effects in the Simulation of 2D Electronic Spectra for Harmonic Hamiltonians.","authors":"Lucas Allan, Tim J Zuehlsdorff","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful experimental technique, as it directly probes the nonlinear (third-order) response function of the system, providing key insights into ultrafast energy transfer and relaxation processes. However, 2DES experiments are generally difficult to interpret, often relying on simulations in order to associate observed spectral features with specific underlying system dynamics. For this reason, the development of robust, computationally inexpensive theoretical methods for modeling these experiments remains an active area of research. We have recently derived such an approach for computing the exact finite-temperature nonlinear response function for harmonic Hamiltonians within the Condon approximation, assuming that the transition dipole moment is independent of nuclear coordinates. In this work, we extend our formalism to exactly account for non-Condon/Herzberg-Teller (HT) type contributions to the nonlinear response function, which are known to be crucial for accurately describing linear optical spectra in a wide range of molecular systems. We highlight the key insights that can be gained from our new method, named FC2DES+HT, by simulating the 2DES signals of two molecules with known non-Condon behavior, the phenolate anion and free-base porphyrin. The results demonstrate that Herzberg-Teller couplings substantially impact energy relaxation dynamics in these systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Deep Learning-Based Framework for Valence Bond Structure Selection and Weight Prediction.","authors":"Tao Xia,Tingzhen Chen,Wei Wu,Chen Zhou","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01220","url":null,"abstract":"The valence bond (VB) theory offers a chemically intuitive, multiconfigurational framework for analyzing bonding, resonance, and reaction mechanisms. However, its broader application has been limited by high computational costs. In this paper, we present DLVB, a deep learning-based framework that integrates the VB theory with graph transformers through a chemically meaningful representation of VB structures. DLVB accurately predicts VB structural weights without the need for ab initio calculations and provides an efficient selected configuration interaction (SCI) scheme for identifying key configurations that enable the construction of compact VB wave functions. The DLVB-based SCI scheme can identify important VB structures from arbitrary structure sets within a given active space, outperforming traditional ionic-order-based selection methods in both accuracy and scalability. This approach offers a new pathway for extending the applicability of the VB theory to the bonding analysis of systems with larger active spaces and increased molecular complexity.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lair F Trugilho,Stefan Auer,Leandro G Rizzi,Sergei V Krivov
{"title":"Nonparametric Determination of the Committor in Multimolecular Systems.","authors":"Lair F Trugilho,Stefan Auer,Leandro G Rizzi,Sergei V Krivov","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c01427","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental problem in analyzing large longitudinal data sets modeling dynamics in multimolecular systems is determining the underlying free-energy landscapes as a function of the committor, the optimal reaction coordinate. Here, we demonstrate that by combining a nonparametric approach with a systematic method for generating permutationally invariant collective variables, the committor can be effectively determined to describe multimolecular aggregation in a system with anisotropic interactions. The optimality of the committor is verified by a stringent validation test, and it is shown that the diffusive model along the committor yields kinetic properties identical to those derived from the original dynamics. Our method is general and relevant to the large machine learning community developing methods to determine the committor from longitudinal data sets.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Binding Site Competition Model for Relative Sliding of Antiparallel Microtubules Mediated by Kinesin-4 Motors and PRC1 Proteins.","authors":"Yao Wang,Jie Wang,Yu-Ru Liu,Hui Li,Ping Xie","doi":"10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00902","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic behaviors of the mitotic spindle composed of antiparallel microtubules (MTs) are critical for the successful completion of cell division. Motor proteins kinesin-4 and MT cross-linking proteins PRC1 can cooperatively regulate the length of antiparallel MT overlaps. However, the physical mechanism of relative sliding of the two MTs by the two types of proteins to regulate the overlap length is unclear. Here, using both the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we first study the clusters at MT plus ends formed by kinesin-4s alone and those formed by kinesin-4s and PRC1s, where a kinesin-4 and a PRC1 can form an unstable complex. The forward movement of the complex is proposed to be realized via a \"binding site competition\" mechanism; namely, the competition of the site bound by the kinesin-4 head with the PRC1 head makes the complex move forward. Furthermore, we study MT sliding mediated by the kinesin-4s and PRC1s. The theoretical/numerical results reproduce quantitatively the published experimental results and, in particular, the puzzling results showing that the initial MT sliding velocity increases with the initial MT overlap length. The study indicates that the MT sliding by the kinesin-4s and PRC1s occurs via the \"binding site competition\" mechanism, which is different from the well-known \"force-driving\" mechanism by kinesin-5 motors, where the forces generated by the kinesin-5s drive the MT sliding.","PeriodicalId":45,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}