ACS Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Routes to Optimizing Photothermal Cancer Therapy through a Comprehensive Theoretical Model","authors":"Gopal Narmada Naidu, Yara Kadria-Vili, Oara Neumann, Naomi J. Halas, Peter Nordlander, Alessandro Alabastri","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00491","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle-assisted photothermal therapy is a soft tissue ablation method where nanoparticles embedded in tissue absorb near-infrared light, converting it to heat and raising temperatures directly where the nanoparticles are located, with minimal damage to adjacent tissue. Developing a method that accurately predicts light and heat dissipation within both pristine and nanoparticle-embedded tissues is essential for making this process as efficient as possible. Here, we report a theoretical model of nanoparticle-assisted photothermal therapy that provides a deeper understanding of this process. The model considers light scattering and absorption by tissue and nanoparticles, resulting in heat generation and dissipation. We find that the thermal response is a consequence of two competing processes, increased light absorption and backscattering, both dependent on nanoparticle concentration, and we accurately account for temperature-dependent tissue properties. Through this approach, we found that spatial and temporal modulation of the laser intensity, combined with heat localization, can dramatically increase the efficiency of the ablation process, resulting in a 44% greater ablation volume in 33% less illumination time. Our critical examination of this therapeutic approach through a robust, data-validated model offers valuable insights into practical strategies for potentially game-changing treatment optimization.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Thermal Infrared Emitters Integrated into Silicon Photonic Waveguides","authors":"Nour Negm, Sarah Zayouna, Shayan Parhizkar, Pen-Sheng Lin, Po-Han Huang, Stephan Suckow, Stephan Schroeder, Eleonora De Luca, Floria Ottonello Briano, Arne Quellmalz, Georg S. Duesberg, Frank Niklaus, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Max C. Lemme","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01892","url":null,"abstract":"Cost-efficient and easily integrable broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) sources would significantly enhance the application space of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Thermal incandescent sources are superior to other common mid-IR emitters based on semiconductor materials in terms of PIC compatibility, manufacturing costs, and bandwidth. Ideal thermal emitters would radiate directly into the desired modes of the PIC waveguides via near-field coupling and would be stable at very high temperatures. Graphene is a semimetallic two-dimensional material with comparable emissivity to thin metallic thermal emitters. It allows maximum coupling into waveguides by placing it directly into their evanescent fields. Here, we demonstrate graphene mid-IR emitters integrated with photonic waveguides that couple directly into the fundamental mode of silicon waveguides designed to work in the so-called “fingerprint region” relevant for gas sensing. High broadband emission intensity is observed at the waveguide-integrated graphene emitter. The emission at the output grating couplers confirms successful coupling into the waveguide mode. Thermal simulations predict emitter temperatures up to 1000 °C, where the blackbody radiation covers the mid-IR region. A coupling efficiency η, defined as the light emitted into the waveguide divided by the total emission, of up to 68% is estimated, superior to data published for other waveguide-integrated emitters.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization-Insensitive Electrooptic Modulation on Anisotropic Thin-Film Lithium Niobate","authors":"Xiaoyan Liu, Nuo Chen, Tao Chu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00020","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium niobate (LN) is an ideal material for electrooptic (EO) modulation due to its strong EO effect. However, significant differences exist in the EO modulation efficiencies for different polarizations, given the anisotropy of LN. Here, we propose an innovative approach to mitigate the modulation polarization dependence of thin-film LN. We convert one of the orthogonal polarizations of the incident light to the higher-order mode of the other polarization and utilize mode-compatible components to achieve mode-independent signal processing, thereby converting the polarization issue into a mode issue and achieving polarization-independent signal processing. We also demonstrated a polarization-insensitive EO switch to validate this approach. The fabricated device demonstrates a low polarization-dependent loss of 0–2.4 dB across a 30 nm range (1260–1290 nm) and achieves the same modulation efficiency of 2.7 V·cm for TE and TM polarizations. The approach provides a robust solution to the EO modulation polarization dependence problem caused by the anisotropy in LN and other similar materials.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Efficiency of Exciton-Polariton Lasing in a 2D Multilayer Structure","authors":"Yuening Fan, Qiaochu Wan, Qi Yao, Xingzhou Chen, Yuanjun Guan, Hassan Alnatah, Daniel Vaz, Jonathan Beaumariage, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jian Wu, Zheng Sun, David Snoke","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00549","url":null,"abstract":"We have placed a van der Waals homostructure, formed by stacking three two-dimensional layers of WS₂ separated by insulating hBN, similar to a multiple-quantum well structure, inside a microcavity, which facilitates the formation of quasiparticles known as exciton-polaritons. The polaritons are a combination of light and matter, allowing laser emission to be enhanced by nonlinear scattering, as seen in prior polariton lasers. In the experiments reported here, we have observed laser emission with an ultralow threshold. The threshold was approximately 59 nW/μm², with a lasing efficiency of 3.82%. These findings suggest a potential for efficient laser operations using such homostructures.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformal Spatiotemporal Modulation Enabled Geometric Frequency Combs","authors":"Haotian Wu, Qianru Yang, Hao Hu, Linyang Zou, Xixi Wang, Jijun He, Shilong Pan, Yuanjin Zheng, Tie Jun Cui, Yu Luo","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00029","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction between light and the time-varying medium exhibits non-Hermitian characteristics, leading to intriguing phenomena, such as parametric amplification, momentum gaps, and temporal refraction. In this study, we introduce the concept of the conformally evolved spatiotemporal modulation, where the space- and time-dependent permittivity function ε (<i>x</i>,<i>t</i>) undergoes rescaling over time, i.e., ε (<i>x</i>,<i>t</i> + Δ<i>t</i>) = ε (<i>sx</i>,<i>st</i>). In such systems, spatiotemporal interfaces are no longer modulated at a uniform speed, enabling us to generate a special type of geometric optical comb with exponentially distributed frequency spacing under monochromatic incidence. Compared with traditional linear frequency combs, these optical combs exhibit several distinct properties. First, the excitation of geometric harmonics can drastically amplify the output signal through cascade field enhancement with the appropriate modulation speeds. Second, the designed geometric comb showcases a significant reduction of ambiguous peaks in the autocorrelation, resulting in suppression of reverberation and resolution enhancement for radar detections.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SRGAN Algorithm-Assisted Electrically Controllable Zoom System Based on Pancharatnam-Berry Liquid Crystal Lens for VR/AR Display","authors":"Li-Lan Tian, Wei Hu, Hai-Zhen Zhou, Le Yu, Lin Li, Lei Li","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00659","url":null,"abstract":"Pancharatnam-Berry liquid crystal (PBLC) lenses with centimeter levels and high diffractive efficiency have seen enormous growth in recent years. However, their functionalities are often limited by fixed focal points and their inherent chromatic characteristics. Here, we break these bottlenecks by proposing a super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) algorithm-assisted achromatic electrically controllable zoom system based on a PBLC lens. The proposed zoom system allows for continuous zoom as the voltage changes and can achieve a 9× zoom ratio by combining liquid lenses and utilizing the bifocal PBLC lens. The experimental results reveal that the PBLC lens-based imaging systems exhibit lower spherical aberration and field curvature compared with the imaging systems based on traditional glass lenses. To solve the inherent chromatic aberration problem based on the PBLC lens, the SRGAN algorithm based on the PBLC lens imaging theory is proposed to mitigate the chromatic aberration inherent to the PBLC lenses, resulting in high-quality images. The proposed zoom system based on the large aperture PBLC lens, featuring continuous zoom capability, low chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, and field curvature, is an unprecedented promising candidate, which has competitive advantages over the existing vari-focal virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) display systems to solve the vergence-accommodation conflict problem.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perovskite/GaN-Based Light-Modulated Bipolar Junction Transistor for High Comprehensive Performance Visible-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection","authors":"Sijie Jiang, Wenjie Wei, Shaoqun Li, Yuanyuan Tian, Yikai Yun, Mengyu Chen, Kai Huang, Cheng Li, Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00250","url":null,"abstract":"The state-of-the-art visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) are generally demonstrated to have typical photoconductor or photodiode structures, without the tunability to balance different photosensing parameters. Here, we propose a specially designed perovskite/GaN-based light-modulated bipolar junction transistor (BJT) for visible-blind UV photodetection. As the conduction-band-aligned p-n-p junction at the CH₃NH₃PbCl₃/GaN interface dominates the photocarrier dynamics, the saturated photocurrent collected with the electrodes on the perovskite film is linearly dependent on the optical power pumped on the GaN film with multiplication. This device reaches a saturated output at 0.5 V, reporting a responsivity of 0.43 A/W, a specific detectivity of 4.11 × 10¹² Jones, a rise/fall time of 70.50/71.83 μs, and the highest linear dynamic range of 159 dB. Our device provides a structure panel to optimize the trade-off between responsivity and response speed, with a comprehensive performance outperforming the published similar UV PDs and commercial products. Moreover, it can be readily integrated with GaN-based lighting devices for full-duplex communication in light-fidelity (LiFi) networks.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastrong Coupling of Si1–xGex Parabolic Quantum Wells to Terahertz Microcavities","authors":"Fritz Berkmann, Tommaso Venanzi, Leonetta Baldassarre, Elena Campagna, Enrico Talamas Simola, Luciana Di Gaspare, Cedric Corley-Wiciak, Giovanni Capellini, Giuseppe Nicotra, Gianfranco Sfuncia, Andrea Notargiacomo, Ennio Giovine, Sara Cibella, Michele Virgilio, Giacomo Scalari, Monica De Seta, Michele Ortolani","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00641","url":null,"abstract":"Control and manipulation of quantum states by light are increasingly important for both fundamental research and applications. This can be achieved through the strong coupling between light and semiconductor devices, typically observed at THz frequencies in 2D electron gases embedded in lithographic optical cavities. Here, we explore the possibility of achieving ultrastrong coupling between conduction sub-band states in Si_1–<i>x</i>Ge_<i>x</i> heterostructures and THz cavity photons fabricated with a potentially silicon-CMOS-compliant process. We developed Si_1–<i>x</i>Ge_<i>x</i> parabolic quantum wells with a transition at ω₀ = 3.1 THz and hybrid metal-plasmonic THz patch-antenna microcavities resonating between 2 and 5 THz depending on the antenna length. In this first demonstration, we achieved anticrossing around 3 THz with spectroscopically measured Rabi frequency Ω_R ≃ 0.7 THz (Ω_R/ω₀ ≃ 0.2, i.e., ultrastrong coupling). The present group-IV semiconductor material platform can be extended to the 5–12 THz range, where these semiconductors are transparent, as opposed to the III–V compound semiconductors plagued by strong THz optical phonon absorption. Moreover, the intersubband transition in parabolic quantum wells hosted by the nonpolar Si_1–<i>x</i>Ge_<i>x</i> crystal lattice is robust against carrier density and temperature variations, making the strength of the coupling only weakly temperature-dependent from 10 to 300 K. These results pave the way for the employment of the Si_1–<i>x</i>Ge_<i>x</i> material platform to perform fundamental research in ultrastrong light–matter coupling, fully exploiting the plasmonic character of the cavity mirror, as well as in ultrafast modulators and saturable absorbers for THz laser research.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Optical Domain Inversion in LiNbO3 Crystals by Visible Continuous-Wave Laser Irradiation","authors":"Carlos Sebastián-Vicente, Jörg Imbrock, Simon Laubrock, Olga Caballero-Calero, Angel García-Cabañes, Mercedes Carrascosa","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00336","url":null,"abstract":"LiNbO₃ is a distinguished multifunctional material where ferroelectric domain engineering is of paramount importance. This degree of freedom of the spontaneous polarization remarkably enhances the applicability of LiNbO₃, for instance, in photonics. In this work, we report the first method for all-optical domain inversion of LiNbO₃ crystals using continuous-wave visible light. While we focus mainly on iron-doped LiNbO₃, the applicability of the method is also showcased in undoped congruent LiNbO₃. The technique is simple, cheap, and readily accessible. It relies on ubiquitous elements: a light source with low/moderate intensity, basic optics, and a conductive surrounding medium, e.g., water. Light-induced domain inversion is unequivocally demonstrated and characterized by combination of several experimental techniques: selective chemical etching, surface topography profilometry, pyroelectric trapping of charged microparticles, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D Čerenkov microscopy. The influence of light intensity, exposure time, laser spot size, and surrounding medium is thoroughly studied. To explain all-optical domain inversion, we propose a novel physical mechanism based on an anomalous interplay between the bulk photovoltaic effect and external electrostatic screening. Overall, our all-optical method offers straightforward implementation of LiNbO₃ ferroelectric domain engineering, potentially sparking new research endeavors aimed at novel optoelectronic applications of photovoltaic LiNbO₃ platforms.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially Resolved Near Field Spectroscopy of Vibrational Polaritons at the Small N Limit","authors":"Oliver Hirschmann, Harsh H. Bhakta, Wilton J. M. Kort-Kamp, Andrew C. Jones, Wei Xiong","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00345","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrational polaritons, which have been primarily studied in Fabry–Pérot cavities with a large number of molecules (<i>N</i> ∼ 10⁶–10¹⁰) coupled to the resonator mode, exhibit various experimentally observed effects on chemical reactions. However, the exact mechanism is elusively understood from the theoretical side, as the large number of molecules involved in an experimental strong coupling condition cannot be represented completely in simulations. This discrepancy between theory and experiment arises from computational descriptions of polariton systems typically being limited to only a few molecules, thus failing to represent the experimental conditions adequately. To address this mismatch, we used surface phonon polariton (SPhP) resonators as an alternative platform for vibrational strong coupling. SPhPs exhibit strong electromagnetic confinement on the surface and thus allow for coupling to a small number of molecules. As a result, this platform can enhance nonlinearity and slow down relaxation to the dark modes. In this study, we fabricated a pillar-shaped quartz resonator and then coated it with a thin layer of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc). By employing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), we spatially investigated the dependency of vibrational strong coupling on the spatially varying electromagnetic field strength and demonstrated strong coupling with 38,000 molecules only─reaching to the small N limit. Through s-SNOM analysis, we found that strong coupling was observed primarily on the edge of the quartz pillar and the apex of the s-SNOM tip, where the maximum field enhancement occurs. In contrast, a weak resonance signal and lack of coupling were observed closer to the center of the pillar. This work demonstrates the importance of spatially resolved polariton systems in nanophotonic platforms and lays a foundation to explore polariton chemistry and chemical dynamics at the small N limit─one step closer to reconcile with high-level quantum calculations.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}