Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry最新文献

{"title":"Germanium stable isotope measurements by double-spike MC-ICPMS.","authors":"Elias Wölfer, Christoph Burkhardt, Thorsten Kleine","doi":"10.1039/d4ja00359d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4ja00359d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present analytical procedures for the measurement of mass-dependent Ge isotope compositions using a ⁷⁰Ge-⁷³Ge double spike and multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Two different mass spectrometers (ThermoScientific Neptune Plus and Neoma) and two different sample introduction systems (Teledyne Cetac Technologies HGX-200 hydride generator and, for the first time in Ge isotope analyses, a Cetac Technologies Aridus II desolvator) were used. A series of analytical tests demonstrate that our analytical procedure efficiently separates Ge from the sample matrix and provides accurate and precise Ge concentration and isotope data for both instruments and sample introduction methods. The external reproducibility (2 s.d.) of the entire analytical procedure is ±0.09‰ for <i>δ</i> ^74/70Ge (the permil deviation from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3120a). Using the new methods, we obtained Ge isotope data for an Alfa Aesar Ge standard solution, the NIST SRM metals 129c and 261, two terrestrial basalts (BHVO-2 and BCR-2), and eight iron meteorites. We find excellent agreement between the data obtained using the hydride generator and using the Aridus II desolvator. Due to the overall easier use of the latter, the desolvator may be the sample introduction system of choice for most Ge isotope applications. Overall, the samples of this study show <i>δ</i> ^74/70Ge variations up to ∼2‰, and in agreement with literature data, indicate that mass-dependent Ge isotope variations may be used to study a wide range of geochemical and cosmochemical processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages","authors":"Marina Patriarca, Nicola Barlow, Alan Cross, Sarah Hill, David Milde and Julian Tyson","doi":"10.1039/D5JA90008E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5JA90008E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This Update covers publications from the second half of 2023 to the middle of 2024, related to the analysis of clinical specimens, food and beverages and including reviews discussing specific aspects and future perspectives. The pursuit of lower detection capabilities continues to promote further research. Some works have focussed on vapour generating techniques for trapping and preconcentration prior to instrumental analysis and many more on the extraction and preconcentration of elements during the sample preparation step. The synthesis and application of nanomaterials play an important role for these developments. The interest in reagents for green chemistry was the subject of several reviews, and, increasingly, researchers are discussing the environmental impact and sustainability of new methods. In terms of analytical instrumentation, the performances of MICAP-OES were thoroughly assessed on various complex matrices, confirming the technique as highly robust to interferences and with detection capabilities similar to ICP-OES. The N<small>₂</small>-MICAP-MS, which is free from Ar-based polyatomic interferences, was applied to human serum and food samples, although with no significant advantage. There was continued interest in applications of scICP-TOF-MS for the evaluation of more than one characteristic of the same individual cell. The determination of isotope ratios in biological matrices was carried out by high precision MC-ICP-MS. The interest in single cell and single particle analysis and the determination of nanoparticles resulted in the publication of multiple papers specifically reviewing the development in these areas, from which the need emerged to apply multiple techniques and promote standardisation. Multielement techniques (LIBS and XRF) are increasingly applied both in the clinical and food area. Several papers reported new applications of LIBS for disease diagnosis, based on complex statistical modelling methods, whereas others have focussed on techniques to enhance its sensitivity and precision for the analysis of biological, food and water samples. Portable LIBS instrumentation offers potential for a wider application in forensic and food sciences, if calibration strategies and method validation could be improved. The indirect detection of low concentrations of molecules of clinical interest after element-tagging represents a rapidly expanding field. Applications of atomic spectrometry to food and beverages continue to grow, especially in relation to sustainable diets and food supplements. The trend of investigations of authenticity/provenance of foodstuffs using multielement profiles continues. The quality of analytical measurements should be of the utmost importance, however still too often such information is insufficient. We therefore highlight the analysis of CRMs in the papers discussed in this Update and report publications addressing interlaboratory comparisons and new CRMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 541-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOFHunter—unlocking rapid untargeted screening of inductively coupled plasma–time-of-flight–mass spectrometry data†","authors":"Hunter B. Andrews, Lyndsey Hendriks, Sawyer B. Irvine, Daniel R. Dunlap and Benjamin T. Manard","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00331D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00331D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study provides an overview of a newly developed open source program written in Python, TOFHunter, which permits the rapid and untargeted screening of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-time-of-flight (TOF)-mass spectrometry (MS) datasets. ICP-TOF-MS is an analytical tool capable of providing quasi simultaneous detection of all nuclides from Li to Pu. This capability has triggered an increase in studies investigating single-particle analysis in which the TOF-MS provides correlated elemental/isotopic signatures on a particle basis in time. Similarly, laser ablation mapping has seen rapid growth owing to ICP-TOF-MS's capacity to handle fast washout times (&lt;10 ms) while providing a broad nuclide coverage. The caveat to this broad mass coverage and high time resolution comes in the form of large, overwhelming datasets. With datasets typically on the scale of gigabytes, it is easy for a user to only focus on very targeted analytes; however, this focus diminishes the opportunity offered by the TOF-MS detector. TOFHunter applies chemometric methods, principal component analysis (PCA), and interesting features finder (IFF) on ICP-TOF-MS data, allowing for investigation of correlations, major and minor variance sources, and sample screening. The unique spectra identified by the (IFF) are used to generate a list of mass peaks, which are then matched with both nuclides and potential interferences before being exported for the user to investigate. Several case studies are discussed herein, demonstrating TOFHunter's ability to screen aqueous injections, single-particle/single-cell analysis, and probe laser ablation mapping files for unique regions of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 910-920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ja/d4ja00331d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SI-traceable quantification of 135Cs in 137Cs solution for 135Cs standardization†","authors":"Shiho Asai, Taiyo Tajima, Aya Sakaguchi, Yasushi Sato, Hideki Harano and Katsuhiro Shirono","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00428K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00428K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The quantification of long-lived radiocesium, <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs, is essential for assessing the long-term safety of high-level radioactive waste repositories. However, the lack of certified reference materials for <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs measurement <em>via</em> mass spectrometry presents a significant challenge as the demand for universally reliable analytical results grows. This study investigated a <small>¹³⁷</small>Cs solution generated from uranium fission as a candidate for a Cs isotope standard reference material, assuming that it contains a comparable concentration of <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs relative to <small>¹³⁷</small>Cs. The mass fractions of Cs isotopes (<small>¹³³</small>Cs, <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs, and <small>¹³⁷</small>Cs) in the <small>¹³⁷</small>Cs solution were determined with SI traceability using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS), along with the Cs molar mass and isotopic composition. Precise measurements of <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs (20 pg g<small>⁻¹</small>) were achieved with a standard uncertainty of 0.1–0.3% and a sensitivity of approximately 150 cps per pg g<small>⁻¹</small>, using the N<small>₂</small>O gas mode to eliminate Ba interference effectively. The mass discrimination in the <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs/<small>¹³³</small>Cs molar ratio obtained <em>via</em> ICP-MS/MS was corrected using the <small>¹³⁷</small>Cs/<small>¹³³</small>Cs molar ratio, which was traceably determined to the SI unit, as a reference value. The resulting mass fraction and isotopic composition of <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs were determined to be 21.43 ± 0.75 ng g<small>⁻¹</small> (<em>k</em> = 2) and 0.1891 ± 0.0057 (<em>k</em> = 2), respectively. Based on these <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs/<small>¹³³</small>Cs and <small>¹³⁷</small>Cs/<small>¹³³</small>Cs molar ratios, the <small>¹³⁵</small>Cs/<small>¹³⁷</small>Cs molar ratio was established at 1.008 ± 0.048 (<em>k</em> = 2). This study presents the first verified SI-traceable isotopic composition for Cs.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 679-688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A performance compensation method for miniaturized LIBS instruments in precise rock classification","authors":"Yuting Fu, Jing Chen, Biye Liu, Beibei Hu, Xueying Jin, Guang Yang and Huihui Sun","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00453A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00453A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rocks, as one of the most ubiquitous substances on Earth, bear the historical records of Earth's evolution and traces of geological processes. Rock identification can reveal the geological environment and resource distribution, which are important for geological research. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a real-time, micro-destructive, and multi-element simultaneous analysis technique, has played an important role in rock identification and geological research. However, traditional laboratory-based LIBS instruments are bulky and unsuitable for field site geological exploration. While handheld LIBS instruments offer compactness and convenience, they suffer from reduced laser energy and spectrometer performance, potentially compromising analytical accuracy. There is an urgent demand for a miniaturized LIBS instrument that retains the high analytical capabilities of laboratory-based LIBS while incorporating the portability of handheld LIBS. This study proposes a compensation method for the performance loss of miniaturized LIBS instruments due to their reduced size. We designed six experimental setups of different sizes to compare rock spectra and classification accuracy in detail, aiming to validate the performance loss of a miniaturized LIBS instrument. In our experiments, the miniaturized LIBS instrument, equipped with an MPL-H-1064 laser and an AvaSpec Mini2048 spectrometer, was employed to classify 16 types of rocks using the SVM model, achieving an initial classification accuracy of 77.08%. To compensate for the performance loss inherent in miniaturized LIBS instruments, a range of preprocessing methods and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to enhance spectral quality and elevate the accuracy of rock classification to 96.25%. Additionally, the Optuna framework was used to automatically search for the optimal hyperparameters of the SVM model, subsequently increasing the accuracy of rock classification to 99.58%. The results demonstrate that this method effectively mitigates the performance loss of miniaturized LIBS instruments and achieves precise rock classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 715-726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time elemental analysis of liquids for process monitoring using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with a liquid wheel sampling approach†‡","authors":"H. B. Andrews, Z. B. Kitzhaber, B. T. Manard, M. Z. Martin and L. R. Sadergaski","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00393D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00393D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This article presents an engineered sampling system that used a rotating wheel to form a thin liquid layer, permitting the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for <em>in situ</em>, real-time elemental impurity quantification during liquid processing. The sampling approach was demonstrated on eight elements from across the periodic table (Na, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Sr, Mo, and Yb). Univariate and multivariate calibrations were presented for each element. The average value for percent root mean square errors of cross-validation for the multivariate models was 3.64%, highlighting the method's strong prediction accuracy. Additionally, the limits of detection for each analyte were estimated from their univariate models: Na = 0.0532, Al = 18.5, K = 0.105, Ca = 0.273, Ti = 67.7, Sr = 0.640, Mo = 22.4, and Yb = 22.9 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>. Finally, a test in which multivariate models were used to monitor a liquid system for 80 min was performed to investigate the real-time monitoring capabilities of this liquid LIBS sampling approach. Rigorous measurements were performed to effectively predict the absence and concentrations of multiple analytes as they were spiked and diluted. This demonstration showed the feasibility of using LIBS for real-time liquid quantification models with estimated precision ≤ 8.1%. Finally, the limitations of this approach and potential future improvements are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 689-699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ja/d4ja00393d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy enhancement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using a combination of a confinement ring and quadrupole discharge arc","authors":"Kaiqiang Yu, Yeping Ren, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaoning Yang, Haohan Sun, An Li, Yumei Wu, Caihao Ding, Xianshuang Wang and Ruibin Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00413B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00413B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The critical issue in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) research is the uncertainty of the spectral signal and insufficient quantitative analysis accuracy. Spectral enhancement methods, such as discharge assistance and plasma spatial confinement, have been investigated as effective ways to increase analytical accuracy of LIBS. On this basis, this work develops a novel spectroscopic enhancement system that integrates a coaxial optical path, quadrupole discharge arc and confinement ring. A quadrupole discharge arc is utilized to generate a more uniform electric field around the sample to improve the stability of the discharge. Combined with a confinement ring, spectral signal stability and intensity can be further improved. Moreover, discharge arc parameters and dimensions of the confinement ring have been optimized to achieve better signal enhancement, resulting in an 11.96 times increase in signal intensity, a 29.14% reduction in relative standard deviation (RSD), and an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 52.1 to 205.6. Based on the enhanced spectrum, the accuracy and robustness of the quantitative analysis model for ash, volatile matter, and calorific value in coal samples are greatly improved, with the root mean square error (RMSE) for the test set decreasing from 1.45%, 0.489%, and 0.468 MJ kg<small>⁻¹</small> to 1.09%, 0.361%, and 0.345 MJ kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, and for the robustness test set decreasing from 1.36%, 0.395%, and 0.441 MJ kg<small>⁻¹</small> to 0.921%, 0.312%, and 0.353 MJ kg<small>⁻¹</small>. Our work proposes a promising coupled enhancement method to improve the detection accuracy of LIBS, characterized by a straightforward, cost-effective setup with potential for industrial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 901-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing in space research: hybrid mass analyser for laser ablation ionisation mass spectrometry.","authors":"Andreas Riedo, Peter Keresztes Schmidt, Nikita J Boeren, Salome Gruchola, Luca N Knecht, Marek Tulej, Peter Wurz","doi":"10.1039/d4ja00392f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4ja00392f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive manufacturing has found its way into many industrial and academic areas. In this contribution, we present an additively manufactured reflectron, integrated in a space-prototype mass analyser used in laser ablation ionisation mass spectrometry. Fused deposition modelling technology was applied to produce the reflectron's ion optical system. For the insulating parts, polylactic acid filament was used as printing material, while the conductive ion optical parts were printed using polylactic acid impregnated with carbon. Measurements were conducted on a stainless steel sample (AISI 316 L, 1.4435) and NIST SRM 661 sample to validate the performance of the reflectron. We found that this system performed nominally in terms of mass resolution and detection sensitivity. This demonstrates the suitability of 3D printing for rapid prototyping in laboratory environments. The latter is of considerable importance for future space exploration missions, as the methodology allows testing of new designs time efficiently and at reduced costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a new olivine reference material by a novel method for in situ iron and magnesium isotope analyses using laser ablation MC-ICP-MS†","authors":"Xianli Zeng, Ming Li, Wen Zhang, Hongyun Jin, Yongsheng Liu, Zhaochu Hu, Tao Luo, Shengjun Yang, Zhenyan Liu and Jingyuan Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00422A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00422A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Olivine is an important rock-forming mineral, and its stable Fe and Mg isotopes provide important indications for identifying important geological processes. <em>In situ</em> Fe and Mg isotopic analyses using laser ablation multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) have proven to be a powerful strategy for examining isotopic variations in olivine growth zoning. However, the advancement of this technology has been limited by the lack of matrix-matched reference materials. In this study, we developed an efficient protocol for preparing olivine reference materials by combining ultrafine powder preparation and solid-phase sintering techniques, specifically designed for Fe–Mg isotope analyses. The synthesized olivine sample, CUG-OL-Ar, retained the initial chemical properties and showed good laser ablation behavior and a stable signal profile. The ANOVA assessment demonstrated the excellent homogeneity of Fe and Mg isotope compositions in CUG-OL-Ar in different batches. The solution-MC-ICP-MS methods were used to determine the Fe and Mg isotope ratios in CUG-OL-Ar, while the uncertainties of Fe and Mg isotope ratios were calculated based on the ISO GUIDE. The assigned values of <em>δ</em><small>⁵⁶</small>Fe<small>_IRMM-014</small> and <em>δ</em><small>²⁵</small>Mg<small>_SC</small> isotopes in CUG-OL-Ar were 0.00 ± 0.06‰ (2SD, <em>n</em> = 350) and 0.00 ± 0.05‰ (2SD, <em>n</em> = 350), respectively. The good results obtained through measuring Fe and Mg isotopes in different types of reference materials using LA-MC-ICP-MS with CUG-OL-Ar as the external standard proved the practicability and reliability of CUG-OL-Ar.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 888-900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in measuring nanoparticles and microparticles by single particle ICP-QMS and ICP-TOFMS: size-dependent transport efficiency and limited linear dynamic range†","authors":"Madeleine Lomax-Vogt, Lucas M. Carter, Jonas Wielinski, Stanislav Kutuzov, Gregory V. Lowry, Ryan Sullivan, Paolo Gabrielli and John W. Olesik","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00425F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4JA00425F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >While spICP-MS has been used mainly to measure nanoparticles, it can also be used to measure microparticles. The transport efficiency of nanoparticles is typically independent of their size. However, the transport efficiency of microparticles can be particle size (mass) dependent as well as being dependent on the sample uptake rate and sample introduction system used. To measure both nanoparticles and microparticles a very large linear dynamic range (where signal intensity is linearly proportional to the measured analyte(s) mass within a very short measurement time (∼300 to 500 µs, the width of signals produced by an individual particle)) is needed. Deviations from linearity could occur due to incomplete particle vaporization or from signals that are beyond the instrument's ion detection system linear dynamic range. To characterize and determine the cause of nonlinearity we measured sets of nearly monodisperse engineered SiO<small>₂</small> particles with diameters from 500 to 5000 nm and Au particles with diameters from 60 to 1500 nm. We found that by reducing the sensitivity (up to a factor of 269×) the upper end of the linear dynamic range, in particle size that produced signal intensities that were linearly proportional to the particle (analyte) mass, could be greatly extended. Not surprisingly, reducing the sensitivity increased the minimum size detectable particle. The results are consistent with SiO<small>₂</small> particles as large as 5000 nm being completely vaporized in the ICP.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 3","pages":" 848-859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11809140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}