Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry最新文献

{"title":"Finding a needle in a haystack: quantitative HERFD-XRF imaging and HERFD-XANES characterization of trace platinum in gold solidi from the Late Roman and Byzantine Empires","authors":"Lisa L. Van Loon, Y. Zou Finfrock, Debora M. Meira, R. W. Burgess, George Bevan and Neil R. Banerjee","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00281D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00281D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detection X-Ray Fluorescence (HERFD-XRF) imaging and HERFD X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy are used to quantify and characterize trace platinum (Pt) in gold solidi from the Late Roman and Byzantine Empires. Historically, the elemental analysis of coins has been pivotal in distinguishing authentic artifacts from forgeries, elucidating minting practices, and understanding economic shifts. Notably, a new gold source with high platinum content appeared in the fourth century CE, transforming the Roman economy. Traditional methods struggled to detect platinum due to the overwhelming gold matrix. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of HERFD techniques in resolving this challenge. Three gold solidi, minted between 654 and 659 CE, were analyzed alongside reference gold materials with known Pt concentrations. The HERFD-XRF imaging revealed spatial distributions of platinum, highlighting non-uniformities within the coins. Additionally, HERFD-XANES spectroscopy identified the oxidation states and chemical speciation of platinum. Results demonstrate that platinum in the solidi primarily exists as metallic Pt, with some surface oxidation. The findings align with previous measurements but reveal higher Pt concentrations and significant inhomogeneities. This research confirms the reliability of HERFD methods for quantifying trace elements and provides new insights into the raw material sources and minting techniques of ancient gold coins. The non-destructive nature of this approach allows for extensive analyses, offering valuable data for historical, economic, and archaeological studies. This innovative application of HERFD-XRF imaging and XANES in cultural heritage research underscores the potential for detailed material characterization and conservation, enhancing our understanding of ancient economies and trade patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk analysis of columbite ores by LA-ICP-MS: development of reference materials and investigation into matrix effects†","authors":"Subramaniyan Balachandar, Wen Zhang, Yongsheng Liu, Zhaochu Hu, Haihong Chen, Tao Luo, Tao He and Xianli Zeng","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00311J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00311J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Determination of metal elements in columbite ores is of great importance in understanding the potential economic significance and the origin of deposits. LA-ICP-MS is recognized as a green and efficient method for the bulk analysis of trace elements in natural samples. However, a major issue is the lack of matrix-matched reference materials for columbite ores. In this study, we developed an advanced method to produce pressed ultrafine-powder pellets with appropriate concentrations by applying a wet-mill method. The optimized scheme achieves a typical grain size of <em>d</em><small>₉₀</small> = 1.74 μm, forming pressed powder pellets with great cohesion and homogeneity, suitable for LA-ICP-MS. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values obtained from repeated measurements are &lt;10% for more than 50 elements, comparable to those of homogeneous reference glasses. A systematic investigation of glass reference materials, commercial iron ore pellets, and our synthetic columbite ore pellets revealed significant matrix effects in various materials when using nanosecond laser ablation. Although the use of a femtosecond laser ablation system can partially suppress the matrix effect that occurs during the laser ablation process, the matrix effect in the ICP caused by differences in chemical composition remains challenging to resolve. The use of a “wet” plasma mode enhanced the matrix effect. Our results highlight the importance of matrix-matched reference materials in quantitative analysis of columbite ores and other ore samples. Utilizing the matrix-matched calibration method, we successfully determined trace elements in pressed powder pellets of iron ore (MAKR-NP) and columbite ore (LSC), with discrepancies of less than 10% for most elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 259-275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid 235U/238U determination by matrix assisted ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry†‡","authors":"Shelby Bowden, Kyle M. Samperton, Elizabeth D. LaBone, Haley B. Lawton, Abigail M. Waldron, Joseph M. Mannion, Matthew S. Wellons and Danielle R. Mannion","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00346B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00346B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) of inorganic analytes is a nascent research domain that holds promise for rapid, potentially facility-deployable analytical applications. We present results of MAI uranium isotopic analysis (<small>²³⁵</small>U/<small>²³⁸</small>U) obtained on the timescale of minutes utilizing simple sample preparation and an ambient ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToF MS). Experimental MAI-ToF MS characterization of uranium Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) was used to establish method calibration and validate quantitative <small>²³⁵</small>U/<small>²³⁸</small>U determination spanning depleted, natural, and low-enriched uranium isotopic compositions. Secondary standard analyses with total uranium mass loadings of 5–500 ng per analysis yield accurate calibrated <small>²³⁵</small>U/<small>²³⁸</small>U results and relative uncertainties of 4.7–17.2% (approx. ±95% confidence level), with weighted-mean uncertainties approaching 1.5%. This method permits accurate determination of uranium isotopic composition in a sample with uranium content as low as 200 pg for equal atom <small>²³⁵</small>U:<small>²³⁸</small>U. Instrument detection limits constrain the minimum uranium mass required to identify the presence of highly enriched uranium (HEU ≥20% <small>²³⁵</small>U) as only 500 pg using the method presented here. MAI-ToF MS quantitation of relatively extreme isotope ratios (<small>²³⁵</small>U/<small>²³⁸</small>U ≤ 0.01) is limited by detection of minor <small>²³⁵</small>U (LoD 100 pg <small>²³⁵</small>U/analysis ≈ 10 ng total U/analysis), and subsequent method optimization is anticipated to further reduce these limits. These findings underscore the potential of MAI-ToF MS for isotopic characterization of uranium and other inorganic species for both basic and applied science.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a selective methodology for methylmercury quantification and evaluation of its accumulation in hippocampus†","authors":"Marcelo Verdugo, Ferdinand Ávila, Jhoel Ruiz, Constanza Vásquez, Nicole Roldán, M. Gabriela Lobos and Álvaro O. Ardiles","doi":"10.1039/D3JA00413A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3JA00413A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Methylmercury (MeHg<small>⁺</small>) is a highly toxic compound with significant neurotoxic effects, necessitating precise and reliable quantification methods for its assessment in biological tissues. In this study, we developed and optimized a methodology combining Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), derivatization by phenylation, and preconcentration through Liquid Phase Microextraction (LPME), coupled with Gas Chromatography-Pyrolysis-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (GC-PYRO-AFS) for the selective quantification of MeHg<small>⁺</small> in mouse brain tissue. The optimized method demonstrated high sensitivity and reproducibility, enabling the accurate detection of MeHg<small>⁺</small> at trace levels without significant matrix effects. This methodological advancement is particularly important in the field of toxicology, as it addresses the limitations of traditional techniques by reducing analysis time and cost while improving accuracy. The ability to precisely quantify MeHg<small>⁺</small> concentrations in biological tissues facilitates the study of toxicokinetic behaviors, the proposal of distribution mechanisms, and the evaluation of toxicological impacts, ultimately contributing to the development of biomarkers for human health risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New natural garnet reference materials for determining the oxidation state of iron in garnet using the electron microprobe flank method","authors":"Yonghua Cao, Chang-Ming Xing, Christina Yan Wang, Xianquan Ping and Xiaoju Lin","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00131A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00131A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The oxidation state of iron (<em>e.g.</em>, Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe) in minerals is a direct proxy for the oxygen fugacity of magma and fluid, which plays a key role in the formation of various types of ore deposits. Although many techniques have been developed to determine the Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe ratio in minerals, the electron microprobe flank method is particularly notable for its easy accessibility and high efficiency. However, the application of this method is limited by a shortage of suitable calibration standards. In this study, we collected a series of natural, euhedral garnet grains and gem-quality garnet fragments, which were carefully crushed and separated under a binocular microscope. Following a detailed examination of their major element compositions and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements for their Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe ratios, we report ten new garnet samples (three belonging to the andradite–grossular series and seven to the almandine–pyrope–grossular series) that can be used as reference materials to calibrate the Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe ratio of garnet using the flank method. The andradite–grossular samples are highly enriched in Fe<small>³⁺</small>, exhibiting Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe ratios ranging from 0.89 ± 0.03 to 1.00 ± 0.03, while the almandine–pyrope–grossular samples contain minimal Fe<small>³⁺</small> with Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe ratios ranging from 0.01 ± 0.02 to 0.03 ± 0.01. One andradite sample (And1902) and one almandine sample (Ald1906) were identified as ideal for determining the flank positions for Fe <em>L</em><small>_α</small> and Fe <em>L</em><small>_β</small>. These two end-members, along with the other eight samples, can be employed to quantify the relationship between Fe <em>L</em><small>_β</small>/<em>L</em><small>_α</small> at flank positions and the Fe<small>²⁺</small> or ΣFe content. The results indicate that the Fe<small>²⁺</small> contents and Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe ratios of the ten garnet samples align with those obtained through Mössbauer spectroscopy, with an uncertainty of ±1 wt% for Fe<small>²⁺</small> and ±0.05 for Fe<small>³⁺</small>/ΣFe, respectively. Consequently, these well-characterized natural garnet samples can serve as reliable reference materials when synthetic garnet standards are unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 202-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-precision Sm isotope analysis by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry for large meteorite samples (>1 g)†","authors":"Paul Frossard, James M. J. Ball and Maria Schönbächler","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00301B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4JA00301B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents a new procedure for high-precision Sm isotope analysis by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) for geological samples. A four-step chemical separation scheme results in sharp separation of Sm and Nd from the same sample aliquot. The first step utilises anion exchange resin to remove Fe from the sample solution. Two different liquid–liquid extraction resins are then used to isolate rare-earth elements (TRU-Spec) and purify Sm from Nd (DGA). Fractionation occurs on the DGA resin due to the nuclear field shift effect, but this is negligible if yields greater than 70% are achieved. Different analytical setups were tested to ascertain their ionisation efficiencies on TIMS. The effect of activators composed of Pt and Ta was tested on single Re filaments but the conventional double Re filament assembly provided efficient ionisation and more stable ion beams. The determination of nucleosynthetic isotope variations requires high precision for all Sm isotope ratios. We aimed to improve the precision on the scarce <small>¹⁴⁴</small>Sm isotope (3% of all Sm). Static, multistatic and dynamic methods were tested. Isotope ratios were normalised to both <small>¹⁴⁷</small>Sm/<small>¹⁵²</small>Sm and <small>¹⁵²</small>Sm/<small>¹⁴⁸</small>Sm for comparison. The dynamic methods failed to provide better precision on ratios involving <small>¹⁴⁴</small>Sm, whereas the multistatic method yielded improved precisions between 13 and 22 ppm (twice the standard deviation, 2 SD) on the <small>¹⁴⁴</small>Sm/<small>¹⁵²</small>Sm ratio. Synthetic standards have variable Sm isotope compositions, thus requiring systematic and precise characterisation against terrestrial samples. Analyses conducted using this new procedure yielded high-precision values which were consistent with literature data for an array of terrestrial rock standards and the meteorite Allende.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 146-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous multi-angle AR-XANES for surface-sensitive chemical speciation of gold nanolayers in wall painting replica†","authors":"Maram Na'es, Lars Lühl, Daniel Grötzsch, Ioanna Mantouvalou, Jonas Baumann and Birgit Kanngießer","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00269E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00269E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wall paintings from the world heritage site Petra-Jordan contain gilding remnants, which show various types of degradation. To investigate the deterioration processes as well as assess the conservation treatment, non-destructive (ND) and non-invasive (NI) analyses of the chemical species of gold are mandatory. In this work, simultaneous multi-angle angle-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (AR-XANES) measurements were performed to assess gold species variations in depth. Experimental validation proved the method to be successful in differentiating between gold species in nanolayered structures. Technical advantages and limitations of the method are discussed. The application of a conservation material containing Nano Gold Gel (NGG) applied underneath a gold layer to regenerate adhesion with its support layer was also examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 238-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ja/d4ja00269e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPCal – an open source, easy-to-use processing platform for ICP-TOFMS-based single event data","authors":"Thomas E. Lockwood, Lukas Schlatt and David Clases","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00241E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00241E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP ICP-MS) has evolved into one of the most powerful techniques for the bottom-up characterisation of nanoparticle suspensions. The latest generation of time-of-flight mass analysers offers new perspectives on single particles by rapidly collecting full mass spectra and providing information on particle composition and abundances, even in unknown samples. However, SP ICP-TOFMS is associated with vast and complex data, which can hamper its applicability and the interrogation of specific particle features. Unlocking the full potential of SP ICP-TOFMS requires dedicated, easy-to-use software solutions to navigate through data sets and promote transparent, efficient and precise processing. SPCal is an open-source SP data processing platform, which we have previously released for quadrupole-based data. In this work, we expand its reach by additionally enabling the analysis of TOF-based SP data sets. We have incorporated various tools to facilitate the handling, manipulation and calibration of large data sets and provide the required statistical fundament and models to promote accurate thresholding. Non-target screening tools are integrated to pinpoint particulate elements in unknown samples without the requirement for <em>a priori</em> investigations or modelling. Next to basic functions like the calibration of size and mass distributions, methods to carry out cluster analysis (PCA, HAC) provide the means to study groups of particles based on their composition and conditional data filtering allows the interrogation of particle populations by selectecting specific features.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 130-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ja/d4ja00241e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External electric field assisted laser-induced plasma and bubble dynamics for optimizing Mn2O3 nanoparticles as UV emitters","authors":"Sanchia Mae Kharphanbuh and Arpita Nath","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00163J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00163J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To gain a deeper understanding of how the size of the nanoparticles synthesized by Electric Field-Assisted Laser Ablation in Liquids (EFLAL) changes with the applied electric field, we use Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and a Beam Deflection Set-up (BDS). These tools help us examine how the electric field strength affects the plasma parameters and the bubble dynamics. The findings show that the electron density and plasma temperature are perturbed as the electric field strength can alter the interaction region. The strength of the electric field can cause the bubble size to increase, which also elevates its pressure and temperature. These alterations at the breakdown region lead to changes in the size, properties, and production of the Mn<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> nanoparticles. Thus, the interplay of laser plasma and fluid-assisted bubble phenomena in the presence of an electric field is probed for Mn<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> nanoparticles thereby optimizing as UV emitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace xenon detection in ambient helium by double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","authors":"L. Garrett, M. Burger, Y. Lee, H. Kim, P. Sabharwall, S. Choi and I. Jovanovic","doi":"10.1039/D4JA00358F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4JA00358F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Safe operation of next-generation nuclear reactors is contingent on developing and effectively operating new diagnostics methods. For helium-cooled fast reactors, one important safety concern is the onset of fuel-cladding failure, which could be detected from the increased concentration of mobile fission fragments such as xenon in the helium coolant. In a previous study [Burger <em>et al.</em>, <em>JAAS</em>, 2021, <strong>36</strong>, 824], we demonstrated that laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a viable candidate for sensitive xenon detection in helium, offering a limit of detection on the order of 0.2 μmol mol<small>⁻¹</small> for 10<small>⁴</small> laser shots. Here, we demonstrate that double-pulse LIBS enhances the xenon signal by approximately 14× at a concentration of 1 μmol mol<small>⁻¹</small> in an ambient helium environment, which results in significantly improved sensitivity. Additionally, we examine the effect of relative energy in two laser pulses, interpulse delay, and laser polarization on the xenon signal enhancement. These results further motivate the development of LIBS sensors for this application.</p>","PeriodicalId":81,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","volume":" 1","pages":" 122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ja/d4ja00358f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}