物理最新文献

{"title":"A terahertz high absorption material based on graphene-quartz sand composite coating","authors":"Haixiang Guo,&nbsp;Bo Fang,&nbsp;Wentao Zhu,&nbsp;Caihe Lei,&nbsp;Yuhan Xi,&nbsp;Yue Li","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08946-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08946-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a high-absorption terahertz material based on a graphene-quartz composite coating and establishes a simulation model with experimental validation. A simulation analysis of the composite coating was conducted by adjusting the particle size of the embedded quartz sand to modify the surface roughness. The coating design parameters were optimized to build the unit model, and coating samples were prepared for absorption rate measurement. The simulation results showed that the coating exhibited excellent absorption in the 0.1–0.3 THz range, while experimental results confirmed an absorption efficiency exceeding 97.20% within the 0.14–0.22 THz range. The analysis yielded a coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) of 0.81, indicating a good fit between the simulation model and experimental data. This model predicts the absorption characteristics of a graphene-quartz sand composite coating in the terahertz band, providing a theoretical basis for the design of future terahertz wave-absorbing materials and the development of thermoelectric terahertz power detectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised PLGA–fucoidan–PDMS composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: improved mechanical and structural performance","authors":"Izdihar Kamal,&nbsp;Nurhidayah Mohd Hapipi,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid,&nbsp;Nazathul Syazliyana Khairul,&nbsp;Norshazliza Abdul Ghani,&nbsp;Loh Zhi Wei,&nbsp;Nur Zawani Saharuddin,&nbsp;Aminatul Saadiah Abdul Jamil,&nbsp;Hatikahaty Mohammad Diah,&nbsp;Khairiah Abdul Hamid,&nbsp;Muhammad Khalis Abdul Karim","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-09035-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-09035-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of tissue engineering relies on the development of scaffolds with optimal mechanical stability, controlled degradation rates, and good cell development. This study focuses on fabricating and evaluating composite fucoidan with poly(lactic-co-glyco acid) (PLGA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The materials were selected for their specific properties, with fucoidan providing hydrophilicity and biological properties, PLGA for mechanical strength and biodegradability, and PDMS offering flexibility and biocompatibility. Four scaffold samples were prepared by varying PLGA, fucoidan, and hydrogen silicon (HS) concentrations while maintaining PDMS at a constant 80%. Structural analysis of the fabricated scaffolds was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, mechanical properties like compression strength and elasticity were tested using compression testing. The scaffolds of PLGA-fucoidan-PDMS have a highly porous structure with interconnected pores for cell adhesion and proliferation. Structural integrity was maintained under physiological conditions, and the compression strength and elasticity were good. In addition, the composite ratios can be adjusted to obtain a degradation rate of the scaffolds that are sufficiently low to permit the complete integration of surrounding tissues while maintaining the support of scaffolds. Sample 4 (PLGA: 5%, fucoidan: 2.5%, HS: 12.5%) showed the most promising results, with a compressive strength of 4.60 MPa, a rough and porous surface, and good mechanical stability, making it well-suited for bone tissue engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the forming performance of alternating magnetic field-assisted laser cladding based on data-enhanced CPO-TCN-BiLSTM and SMS-EMOA composite algorithm","authors":"Jiabo Liu,&nbsp;Chang Li,&nbsp;Yuhao Wang,&nbsp;Sen Wang,&nbsp;Xing Han","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08980-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08980-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternating magnetic field-assisted laser cladding (AMF-LC) technology can significantly improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the cladding layer. However, the introduction of multi-energy fields significantly increases the complexity of parameter adjustment. Therefore, a composite optimization algorithm was innovatively proposed in this study. The experimental data was expanded based on the BOKI data augmentation technology. The composite model of the convolutional parallel optimization algorithm - temporal convolutional network - bidirectional long Short-Term memory network (CPO-TCN-BiLSTM) was established to map the nonlinear relationship between process parameters and experiments. The multi-objective optimization SMS-EMOA algorithm based on the hypervolume index was combined with the multi-criteria decision method (VIKOR) to optimize the process parameters. Based on the optimal parameters, the influence of alternating magnetic fields on the microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding layers was investigated. The results show that the prediction error of the composite algorithm is within 5%, with high accuracy. Compared with the control group, the performance of the cladding layer is excellent. Experiments show that alternating magnetic fields can significantly improve cladding defects such as pores and cracks. Magnetic stirring makes dendrites denser. The distribution of elements is more uniform. The average hardness of the lap joint area increased by 1.46%, and the maximum hardness increase reached 2.35%. This study proposes a systematic exploration that combines multi-dimensional algorithms with experiments, providing theoretical guidance for the optimization of complex cladding process parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of free volume using positron annihilation study in Ag2O-doped ZnO-P2O5-SeO2 glass ceramics","authors":"M. Kostrzewa,&nbsp;G. Naga Koti Reddy,&nbsp;A. Venkata Sekhar,&nbsp;A. Ingram,&nbsp;N. Purnachand,&nbsp;G. Sahaya Baskaran,&nbsp;G. Naga Raju,&nbsp;V. Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Nalluri Veeraiah","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-09028-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-09028-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glass ceramics with the composition ZnO–P₂O₅–SeO₂ doped with varying amounts of silver oxide (Ag₂O) were synthesized. The effect of Ag₂O on atomic vacancy formation was studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). XRD and SEM studies confirmed the presence of Ag₃PO₄, Ag₂SeO₃ crystal phases, and Ag⁰ nanoparticles in the glassy matrix. Infrared spectroscopy showed that increasing Ag₂O content enhanced the fraction of Ag⁰ nanoparticles in the glass network while decreasing the fraction of ZnO₄ and [SeO₄]²⁻ units. This change indicated an increase in free volume defects, such as voids, that trap positrons. Analysis of positron annihilation lifetime spectra revealed an increase in the longest-lived component (I₃) and its lifetime (τ₃) with higher Ag₂O concentrations, indicating greater void expansion and agglomeration in the glass ceramic. These findings correspond to changes in ac conductivity and suggested that these glass ceramics could be developed as solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and magnetic tailoring of Co-Cu ferrite nanoparticles via Cd2+ substitution: a multi-characterization approach","authors":"D. El-Said Bakeer,&nbsp;M. Y. El Sayed,&nbsp;E. M. Abdallah,&nbsp;R. Awad,&nbsp;S. G. Elsharkawy","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08897-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08897-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the structural and magnetic tunability of Co–Cu ferrite nanoparticles via dual-site substitution of Cd²⁺ at both Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ lattice sites in the Co_0.5Cu_0.5Fe₂O₄ spinel lattice. Nanoparticles with the nominal composition Co_0.5−xCu_0.5−xCd_2xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized using an efficient co-precipitation method. The large ionic radius of Cd²⁺ promotes its occupation of tetrahedral sites, which disrupts the magnetocrystalline anisotropy associated with Co²⁺ and the Jahn–Teller distortions associated with Cu²⁺, leading to cation redistribution, modifications in superexchange interactions, and potentially the initiation of spin canting. Compared to single-site doping, this dual-site substitution introduces greater structural and magnetic complexity, offering a promising approach for multifunctional ferrite design. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a predominant face-centered cubic spinel phase with Co_0.5Cu_0.5Fe₂O₄ as the primary phase and a minor hematite (Fe₂O₃) secondary phase. Increasing Cd²⁺ content induced a systematic lattice parameter expansion and crystallite size reduction (from 15.47 nm to 12.11 nm), indicating lattice distortion due to ionic substitution. TEM analysis showed quasi-spherical, slightly agglomerated nanoparticles with sizes decreasing from 15.47 nm to 12.11 nm as x increased from 0.00 to 0.06. HRTEM confirmed the material’s polycrystalline nature through observed (220) and (311) lattice fringes. FTIR spectra displayed two characteristic absorption bands 510–580 cm⁻¹ and 400–450 cm⁻¹) confirming spinel formation, while Raman spectroscopy revealed a blue shift in the <span>(:{A}_{1g})</span>mode, associated with Fe³⁺ migration towards tetrahedral sites. Additionally, XPS analysis confirmed the oxidation states of the constituent elements in the samples as Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cd²⁺and O²⁻. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements showed ferromagnetic hysteresis loops with a non-linear variation of saturation magnetization (<span>(:{M}_{s})</span>) and a significant reduction in coercivity (<span>(:{H}_{c})</span>) from 851.98 G to 306.06 G, reflecting progressive magnetic softening with Cd²⁺ incorporation. Complementary, ESR analysis showed asymmetric resonance line shapes, a downshift in <span>(:{H}_{r})</span>, and an enhancement in the Landé <span>(:g)</span> -factor, which was consistent with modifications in the local magnetic environment. These tunable structural and magnetic properties highlight the potential of Cd-substituted Co–Cu ferrites for applications in high-frequency electronics and EMI shielding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08897-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of time temperature profiles for thermoluminescence glow curve analysis of MgSO4:Dy2O3 powder in TLD applications","authors":"Hayder Salah Naeem,&nbsp;Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa,&nbsp;N. N. Yusof,&nbsp;M. I. Sayyed,&nbsp;Ammar Nadal Shareef,&nbsp;Alghareeb Abbas Abdulhussein Mohammed,&nbsp;Ali Q. Tuama,&nbsp;Thair Hussein Khazaalah,&nbsp;Nabasu Seth Ezra,&nbsp;Oke Aduragbemi Olaoluwa,&nbsp;Munirah Jamil,&nbsp;G. I. Efenji,&nbsp;Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan bin Abdul Malik","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08994-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08994-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current study, the demand for highly sensitive radiation dosimeters is increasing, prompting the exploration of novel materials for thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). This research investigates the potential of MgSO₄:Dy₂O₃ powders as new TLDs, comparing their performance against the commercial dosimeter TLD-100. The samples were prepared: (MgSO₄)_1-x(Dy₂O₃)_x with x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5. These samples were synthesized using thermal treatment at temperatures of 600–1000 °C for 6, 8 h. The samples were characterized to assess crystallization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and mapping. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and raman spectroscopy were employed to verify the physicochemical composition and vibrational characteristics of the thermoluminescent (TL) materials. Optimization and dosimetric evaluations were conducted using X-ray irradiation at low doses, followed by readout with a Harshaw TLD-3500 reader. The XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the powders. Dosimetric capabilities were assessed by exposing the prepared samples to 2.97 mGy of X-ray radiation for ten cycles. The samples MSD0.5, optimized at 900 °C for 6 h in powder form, exhibited the highest sensitivity and dose response, with TLD readings of 458.95 nC, compared with 213.45 nC for TLD-100. The significant increase in sensitivity, along with stable time temperature profile (TTP) settings, suggests improved accuracy, positioning these materials as promising candidates for high performance radiation dosimetry in both environmental monitoring and medical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis with biosynthesized nanoparticles by reducing and capping of identified Pterocarpus Santalinus bioactive compounds","authors":"Swarna Kumari Kanthireegala,&nbsp;Lokesh Reddy Bandi,&nbsp;Sindu Kadapana,&nbsp;Dakshayani Lomada,&nbsp;Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka,&nbsp;Madhava C. Reddy,&nbsp;Suresh V. Chinni,&nbsp;Subash C.B. Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08989-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08989-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research analyzed <i>Pterocarpus santalinus</i> leaf extract using LC-MS and identified 39 bioactive components, including isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and trifolin. Silver and copper nanoparticles (PsAgNPs and PsCuONPs) were synthesized using reducing and capping of identified bioactive compounds and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, Zeta potential, and DLS. PsAgNPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity against drug-resistant strains, with inhibition zones of 18 mm for <i>Escherichia coli</i> and 17 mm for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 100 µg/mL. In comparison, PsCuONPs showed inhibition zones of 16 and 14 mm at 175 µg/mL, respectively. PsAgNPs demonstrated antibacterial action at lower concentrations (MIC and MBC values at 50–75 µg/mL) compared to PsCuONPs (100 µg/mL). Both nanoparticles induced bacterial membrane perforation and cellular lysis, confirmed by FESEM. Additionally, PsAgNPs demonstrated superior anti-biofilm, antioxidant (DPPH: 6.97 µg/mL; ABTS: 3.92 µg/mL), and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibiting hemolysis (IC₅₀ = 4.17 µg/mL) and protein denaturation (IC₅₀ = 6.33 µg/mL) compared to PsCuONPs. Moreover, they displayed higher cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cell lines. This data suggests that PsAgNPs and PsCuONPs could be promising therapeutic molecules for antibacterial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running gravitational constant induced dark energy as a solution to (sigma _8) tension","authors":"Tilek Zhumabek,&nbsp;Azamat Mukhamediya,&nbsp;Hrishikesh Chakrabarty,&nbsp;Daniele Malafarina","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14917-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14917-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider a modified gravity model with a running gravitational constant coupled to a varying dark energy fluid and test its imprint on the growth of structure in the universe. Using redshift space distortion (RSD) measurement results, we show a tension at the <span>(3 sigma )</span> level between the best fit <span>(Lambda )</span>CDM and the corresponding parameters obtained from the Planck data. Unlike many modified gravity-based solutions that overlook scale dependence and model-specific background evolution, we study this problem in the broadest possible context by incorporating both factors into our investigation. We performed a full perturbation analysis to demonstrate a scale dependence in the growth equation. Fixing the scale to <span>(k = 0.1 h)</span> Mpc<span>(^{-1})</span> and introducing a phenomenological functional form for the varying Newton coupling <i>G</i> with only one free parameter, we conduct a likelihood analysis of the RSD selected data. The analysis reveals that the model can bring the tension level within <span>(1 sigma )</span> while maintaining the deviation of <i>G</i> from Newton’s gravitational constant at the fifth order.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14917-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond laser burst mode combined with wet etching for fabricating surface microholes on sapphire","authors":"Xiang Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaojin Xu,&nbsp;Haibo Zhou,&nbsp;Cong Wang,&nbsp;Xianshi Jia,&nbsp;Yulong Ding,&nbsp;Zheng Gao,&nbsp;Shiyu Wang,&nbsp;Linpeng Liu,&nbsp;Ji’an Duan","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-09029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-09029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high-efficiency and high-quality fabrication of submicron-precision microholes on sapphire and other ultra-hard materials constitutes a challenging task due to uncontrollable surface damage and difficulty in enhancing microhole depth. Herein, a hybrid approach combining femtosecond laser burst mode with wet chemical etching is proposed, achieving high-quality microhole fabrication at a rate of 4,000 holes per second. Through modulation of burst pulse quantity, the microhole depth is enhanced from 701 to 1140 nm while maintaining processing efficiency. Wet chemical etching with HF is employed to eliminate particulate residues and debris generated during laser processing. The evolution of microhole profile morphology and surface quality under varying etching durations is systematically investigated. Optimal solution concentration and processing time for sapphire laser-induced micro/nano structure etching have been determined. After etching, the surface roughness is reduced from 64.8 nm to 1.4 nm. Compared with single-pulse, the aspect ratio of burst mode is increased from 0.51 to 0.69. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that, with sufficient etching, the Burst mode can also achieve regular microholes comparable to those produced by single-pulse processing. This femtosecond laser burst mode coupled with wet chemical etching demonstrates effectiveness and universality, establishing a viable technical pathway for high-efficiency fabrication of high-quality microholes with submicron precision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical modeling of network topology, rigidity, and electronic structure in quaternary Se₆₅Ge₁₄₊₁₋ₓSb₂₀Teₓ chalcogenide glasses","authors":"S. A. Fayek,&nbsp;A. I. Sharshir,&nbsp;Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser,&nbsp;Foziah F. Al-Fawzan,&nbsp;Mahmoud G. A. Saleh,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08939-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08939-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chalcogenide glasses based on Ge–Se–Sb–Te systems are of great interest for advanced photonic and memory device applications due to their tunable optical, thermal, and structural properties. These glasses offer exceptional infrared transparency, high refractive index, and photo-induced switching behavior, making them promising candidates for phase-change memory and infrared optics. However, understanding how compositional variations, particularly the addition of tellurium (Te), influence network topology, rigidity, and electronic structure remains a key scientific challenge. In this work, a series of Se₆₅Ge₁₄₊₁₋ₓSb₂₀Teₓ glasses (x = 0, 1, 3, and 5 at%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique and systematically investigated through theoretical modeling and structural analysis. The aim was to explore how Te incorporation affects the average coordination number, mechanical constraints, cohesive energy, optical band gap, and thermal stability. Detailed calculations of constraint theory parameters (N_con, ⟨r_eff⟩), floppy mode fraction, lone-pair electron concentration, and bond energetics were performed to assess the topological and electronic transformations within the glass matrix. The results reveal that increasing Te content reduces the average coordination number and cohesive energy, indicating a softening of the glass network. At x = 5, the system reaches the isostatic threshold (N_con ≈ 3), maximizing network flexibility without compromising stability. This composition’s substantial increase in glass transition temperature (Tg ≈ 988 K) and mean bond energy (⟨E⟩ ≈ 4.12 eV/atom) suggests the formation of a thermally robust yet topologically optimized structure. Concurrently, the optical band gap narrows slightly, and the system retains high covalent character (&gt; 99% in Te–Se bonds), ensuring desirable transparency and electronic performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}