物理最新文献

{"title":"A novel image encryption scheme with synchronous permutation–diffusion controlled by CA and a sine-cosine-optimized CML model","authors":"Jiakun Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Weijie Tan,&nbsp;Xianming Wu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06767-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06767-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel sine-cosine-optimized coupled map lattices (SCOCML) is proposed, which integrates the cellular automata (CA)-guided non-adjacent coupling method and is constructed upon the sine-cosine-optimized (SCO) map. Within the given parameter range, dynamics analysis shows that every lattice point in the proposed SCOCML system sustains a chaotic state, thereby exhibiting enhanced chaotic features. Based on the SCOCML system, a novel image encryption scheme is presented. It starts with generating a plaintext-related initial key, ensuring high sensitivity to plain images. Additionally, a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) based on the dynamic gas cellular automata (DGCA) model is proposed to further improve the randomness of chaotic sequences, enabling the image cryptosystem to achieve robust security performance. Subsequently, a CA-controlled synchronous permutation–diffusion method is proposed, which utilizes the evolving states of cellular automata to dynamically perform row and column encryption, achieving an efficient and coordinated encryption effect in merely three rounds. Extensive experimental results and security analyses confirm that the proposed image cryptosystem offers excellent resistance against various attacks, achieving information entropy &gt; 7.999, NPCR &gt; 99.60, and UACI <span>(approx)</span> 33.45, making it suitable for practical secure image communication applications.\u0000</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-energy factorization via eigenfunctions of the next-to-leading-order BFKL kernel","authors":"Ada Polizzi,&nbsp;Michael Fucilla,&nbsp;Alessandro Papa","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14668-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14668-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a general formula for the amplitude of forward exclusive hadronic processes in the semihard regime of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), by means of the <i>next-to-leading order</i> eigenfunctions of the Balitsky–Fadin–Kuraev–Lipatov (BFKL) kernel, as constructed by Chirilli and Kovchegov. We discuss some formal subtleties in the check of compatibility with the similar formula based on the use of the <i>leading-order</i> BFKL eigenfunctions. Finally, in the specific case of the electroproduction of two light vector mesons, we consider the numerical stability of the amplitude when one or the other set of eigenfunctions is adopted.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14668-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed modeling and deep learning-driven optimization of GO–CNT hybrid nanocomposites-reinforced car hood doors under nonlinear dynamic loading","authors":"QinBao Huang,&nbsp;Guolong Zheng,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Belgacem Bouallegue","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06704-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06704-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a comprehensive nonlinear dynamic analysis of moderately thick car hood doors reinforced with graphene oxide–carbon nanotube (GO–CNT) as the hybrid nanocomposites. The structural configuration is modeled as a doubly car hood door, and geometric nonlinearities are captured using the sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT) integrated with von Kármán kinematics. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are systematically derived via Airy’s stress function and discretized using a coupled Galerkin scheme. A time-domain solution is achieved through a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. To address computational challenges and facilitate real-time performance prediction, a deep neural network (DNN) surrogate model is developed. The predictive accuracy and efficiency of various optimizers, including SGDM, RMSProp, and Adam, are benchmarked, with the Adam algorithm achieving optimal generalization for capturing complex nonlinear behavior. In this work, while the training time for the DNN models can vary depending on the architecture and dataset size (typically ranging from minutes to hours), once trained, the DNNs provide significant speed-ups during prediction, ranging from <span>(sim 113times text{to }sim 526times)</span> faster than traditional numerical simulations. The results highlight the significant enhancement in dynamic stability and energy absorption capacity due to the synergistic reinforcement effects of GO and CNTs. The integration of nanomechanics, nonlinear modeling, and machine learning offers a novel and efficient framework for optimizing advanced automotive structures subjected to impact and vibration, contributing to physics-based lightweight and high-performance material design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociative electron attachment to NaCN","authors":"Berna Arslanoglu,&nbsp;Åsa Larson,&nbsp;Ann E. Orel","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01048-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01048-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dissociative electron attachment to NaCN is investigated theoretically by combining electron scattering calculations, structure calculations and wave packet dynamics. Non-adiabatic couplings between resonant states and electronically bound states of NaCN<span>(^-)</span> are considered. The calculated cross section has a threshold of 0.68 eV. Due to the very narrow autoionization widths of the electronic resonant states, the magnitude of the cross section is very low. Hence, dissociative electron attachment is not a pathway for forming CN<span>(^-)</span> in interstellar space.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01048-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrally combining beam degradation caused by DLA defects: modeling and analysis","authors":"Guiqi Zhong,&nbsp;Peng Feng,&nbsp;Danni Li,&nbsp;Ling Liu,&nbsp;Zhen Wu,&nbsp;Mingxia Feng,&nbsp;Kai Jia,&nbsp;Zheqiang Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08546-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08546-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper investigates the degradation of beam quality in spectral beam combining (SBC) systems with dual-gratings caused by defects in diode laser arrays (DLAs), focusing on the combined effects of beam linewidth, divergence angle, and beam deflection. A comprehensive model is developed to analyze how these defects affect the wavelength-locking mechanism and beam propagation, thereby degrading the output beam characteristics. The results reveal that the dual-grating configuration effectively mitigates angular broadening induced by linewidth dispersion. A linewidth of 1 nm results in a mere 8% reduction in the peak intensity of the combined beam, concomitantly leading to a 0.5 increase in the β factor. Although beam divergence exacerbates the degradation of beam quality, beam deflection is the dominant factor. A deflection angle of 3 mrad results in a 38% reduction in peak intensity and a 2.6 increase in the β factor, underscoring the necessity of controlling beam deflection. We hope this work provides critical insights into the interplay between DLA imperfections and SBC performance, offering a theoretical foundation for optimizing high-power, near-diffraction-limited beam combining systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control fields for efficient quantum memory in cold atoms via EIT","authors":"Poonam Yadav,&nbsp;Arnab Ghosh,&nbsp;Inderpreet Kaur,&nbsp;Suranita Kanjilal,&nbsp;Bodhaditya Santra","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01056-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01056-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum memory is an indispensable component for enabling reliable long-distance quantum communication through quantum repeaters. In this work, we present a theoretical study of quantum memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of Cesium atoms. We analyze the quantum memory performance by examining its dependence on the control field Rabi frequency (<span>(varOmega _c)</span>) and the atomic optical depth (D). Our results show that high storage efficiency can be achieved at larger values of both <span>(varOmega _c)</span> and D. Furthermore, we calculate the group velocity of slow light and investigate the decoherence rate in the hyperfine ground states used as storage levels. Notably, the decoherence rate decreases as <span>(varOmega _c)</span> increases and eventually saturates. These findings offer useful insights into optimizing EIT-based quantum memory and advancing practical implementations of quantum communication networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations of local plastic strain in granular media","authors":"I. Awada,&nbsp;M. Bornert,&nbsp;V. Langlois,&nbsp;J. Léopoldès","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00515-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00515-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We experimentally study the heterogeneity of strain in a granular medium subjected to oscillatory shear in a rotating drum. Two complementary methods are used. The first method relies on optical imaging and grain tracking, allowing us to compute some components of the strain tensor and their variance. The second method, diffuse acoustic wave spectroscopy (DAWS), provides the quadratic strain within the bulk. Our results show that strain is spatially heterogeneous, with fluctuations about ten times larger than the mean, primarily dominated by variability at the grain scale. We then analyze in detail the strain fluctuations occurring during the forward and backward branches of the shear stress cycles, along with the intracycle plastic strain resulting from each cycle. Both methods reveal that each shear cycle consists of two consecutive diffusive-like branches, and that the resulting plastic strain fluctuations scale with the mean plastic shear strain. We propose that plastic strain fluctuations result from irreversible strain heterogeneity that increases with applied shear—reflected in forward–backward strain anticorrelations—but is constrained by load-controlled induced memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 8-9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and tuning of the morphological, structural, and dielectric features of PVA/SnO2-SiC ternary nanocomposites for multifunctional nanoelectronics applications","authors":"Ali Hussein Kareem,&nbsp;Majeed Ali Habeeb","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06790-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06790-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study is to improve the dielectric characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tin dioxide (SnO₂), as well as silicon carbide (SiC) in order to facilitate the functionality of electronics nanodevices and flexible pressure sensors. The nanocomposites PVA/SnO₂-SiC were prepared by casting with varied concentrations of (SnO₂-SiC) nanoparticles (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) wt.%. The structure and dielectric characteristics of PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanostructures were explored. The optical microscopy images showed that network paths that act as charge carriers are formed inside the polymeric matrix with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles. The outcomes of the SEM measurement indicated that the surface morphology was uniform and well-distributed. X-ray analysis shows that the (SnO₂-SiC) nanoparticles increase in the polymeric specimens, and the semi-crystalline ratio rises. The electrical properties of PVA/SnO₂-SiC films revealed that the dielectric (constant and loss) increases with increasing nanoparticle concentrations and decreases when the frequency of the applied electric field increases. In contrast, the A.C electrical conductivity increases by increasing the frequency and concentrations of (SnO₂-SiC). Finally, the structural and dielectric properties show that the PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanocomposite films can be employed in various flexible nanoelectronics applications with low cost, high-energy storage and low loss. The pressure sensor results of PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanostructures showed that their electrical capacitance (Cp) grows as applied pressure rises. As a result, pressure sensors have a higher sensitivity. Based on these findings, it is believed that PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanocomposites may provide new insight into their potential application in energy storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the mixing behavior of direct injected hydrogen in high-pressure environments by Rayleigh scattering","authors":"Max Peters,&nbsp;Noud Maes,&nbsp;Nico Dam,&nbsp;Jeroen van Oijen","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08549-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08549-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the framework of the Argon Power Cycle, millisecond-pulsed hydrogen gas injections into a high-pressure, room temperature nitrogen or argon ambient are investigated. Instantaneous Rayleigh scattering is used to quantify the hydrogen mole fraction in the ensuing jets. A readily available HDEV injector with a straight 0.55-mm orifice and an inward-moving needle controls the mass flow into the constant-volume setup in accordance with (compressible) choked flow theory. The linear dependence of the Rayleigh signal on the number density is experimentally validated and the validity for the assumed constant number density throughout the mixing jet is presented. The evolution of mole fraction is presented for both nitrogen and argon ambient gases, and pressure ratios of 2.5 and 10. Quasi-steady behavior is shown in both axial and radial direction, while self-similar behavior is already observed 3 mm from the nozzle (<span>(x/d_textrm{e} = 5.5)</span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08549-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrambling in charged hairy black holes and the Kasner interior","authors":"Hadyan Luthfan Prihadi,&nbsp;Donny Dwiputra,&nbsp;Fitria Khairunnisa,&nbsp;Freddy Permana Zen","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14625-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14625-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyze how the axion parameter, the Einstein–Maxwell-Scalar (EMS) coupling constant, and the charge density affect the chaotic properties of a charged hairy black hole, as characterized by the quantum Lyapunov exponent. We inject charged shock waves from the asymptotic boundary and compute the out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs). Due to the relevant deformation in the boundary theory induced by a bulk scalar field, the bulk solution flows to a more general Kasner spacetime near the black hole singularity. We examine the behavior of chaotic parameters, including the Lyapunov exponent, butterfly velocity, and scrambling time delay, under this deformation. We find that as the deformation parameter increases, the ratio of the quantum Lyapunov exponent to the surface gravity decreases. For sufficiently large deformation, the Lyapunov exponent in the deformed geometry can exceed that of the axion Reissner–Nordström case. We observe that boundary deformation generally reduces the scrambling time delay, with the EMS coupling having a significant effect on the delay. These results provide further insight into the role of boundary deformations in modifying chaotic properties in charged hairy black holes.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14625-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}