物理最新文献

{"title":"Droplet-on-demand using a positive pressure pulse.","authors":"Mathieu Oléron, Grégoire Clement, Samuel Hidalgo-Caballero, Masoodah Gunny, Finn Box, Matthieu Labousse, Joshua D McGraw","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00493-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00493-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Droplet generation under steady conditions is a common microfluidic method for producing biphasic systems. However, this process works only over a limited range of imposed pressure: beyond a critical value, a stable liquid jet can instead form. Furthermore, for a given geometry, the pressure conditions set both the generation rate of droplets and their volume. Here, we report on-demand droplet production using a positive pressure pulse to the dispersed-phase inlet of a flow-focusing geometry. This strategy enables confined droplet generation within and beyond the pressure range observed under steady conditions, and decouples volume and production rate. In particular, elongated plugs not possible under steady conditions may be formed when the maximal pressure during the pulse reaches the jet regime. The measured volume of droplets-on-demand as well as the onset of droplet generation are both captured with a simple model that considers hydraulic resistances. This work provides a strategy and design rules for processes that require individual droplets or elongated plugs in a simple microfluidic chip design.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 6-7","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to correlation networks: Interdisciplinary approaches beyond thresholding","authors":"Naoki Masuda ,&nbsp;Zachary M. Boyd ,&nbsp;Diego Garlaschelli ,&nbsp;Peter J. Mucha","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many empirical networks originate from correlational data, arising in domains as diverse as psychology, neuroscience, genomics, microbiology, finance, and climate science. Specialized algorithms and theory have been developed in different application domains for working with such networks, as well as in statistics, network science, and computer science, often with limited communication between practitioners in different fields. This leaves significant room for cross-pollination across disciplines. A central challenge is that it is not always clear how to best transform correlation matrix data into networks for the application at hand, and probably the most widespread method, i.e., thresholding on the correlation value to create either unweighted or weighted networks, suffers from multiple problems. In this article, we review various methods of constructing and analyzing correlation networks, ranging from thresholding and its improvements to weighted networks, regularization, dynamic correlation networks, threshold-free approaches, comparison with null models, and more. Finally, we propose and discuss recommended practices and a variety of key open questions currently confronting this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1136 ","pages":"Pages 1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in reactions, momentum transfer, and energy transfer processes for nanoparticles in processing non-thermal plasmas","authors":"Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Franko Greiner ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Chen ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Hogan","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles can form and grow from vapor phase precursors within processing non-thermal plasmas (NTPs). In physical and chemical vapor deposition NTPs, such particles can act as contaminants, and measures need to be taken to either avoid their formation, or to prevent their deposition onto product thin films. NTPs can also be used to intentionally synthesize nanomaterials at industrially scalable levels. In both instances, nanoparticle behavior and the effects nanoparticles may have on the plasma depend upon particle interactions with the surrounding plasma species and neutral gas. Understanding and predicting the behavior of nanoparticles in NTPs requires the development of models for collision limited reactions, momentum transfer, and energy transfer between particles, electron, ions, photons, and neutral gas. As NTPs can be operated at a wide range of pressures, these transport processes occur over a wide range of collisionalities, and are also strongly influenced by both short range and long range potential interactions. The purpose of this review is to compile state-of-the-art knowledge in predicting the behavior of nanoparticles in plasmas with an emphasis on charging, momentum transfer, and energy transfer processes between particles and the surrounding plasma environment. Model development for nanoparticle reactivity and transport in NTPs lies at the interface of dusty plasma physics and aerosol physics, and efforts are made throughout the review to present, intercompare, and blend approaches from these two, often distinct research communities. The review begins by introducing applications and instances where nanoparticles are encountered in NTPs, and subsequently introduces multidimensional nanoparticle population balance modeling. Solution to population balance modeling highlights the need to develop accurate nanoparticle charging rate models, momentum transfer models, and energy transfer models, which are then discussed in successive chapters. Modeling approaches to examine the evolution of particle size distributions in plasmas are discussed, as are the effects of passage through plasma afterglows. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of nanoparticle voids and waves which can form in NTPs, and an overview of in-situ and extractive measurement techniques to characterize nanoparticle size distributions, number densities, and charge levels. This review is intended both for the aerosol research community as an introduction to the unique aspects of nanoparticle behavior in non-equilibrium environments, and for the plasma community, introducing models arising from predicting the behavior of aerosols, which can be expanded to predict nanoparticle behavior in NTPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1135 ","pages":"Pages 1-73"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmotic pressure induces unexpected relaxation of contractile 3D microtissue.","authors":"Giovanni Cappello, Fanny Wodrascka, Genesis Marquez-Vivas, Amr Eid Radwan, Parvathy Anoop, Pietro Mascheroni, Jonathan Fouchard, Ben Fabry, Davide Ambrosi, Pierre Recho, Simon de Beco, Martial Balland, Thomas Boudou","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00497-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00497-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell contraction and proliferation, matrix secretion and external mechanical forces induce compression during embryogenesis and tumor growth, which in turn regulate cell proliferation, metabolism or differentiation. How compression affects tissue contractility, a hallmark of tissue function, is however unknown. Here we apply osmotic compression to microtissues of either mouse colon adenocarcinoma CT26 cells, mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, or human primary colon cancer-associated fibroblasts. Microtissues are anchored to flexible pillars that serve as force transducers. We observe that low-amplitude osmotic compression induces a rapid relaxation of tissue contractility, primed by the deformation of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we show that this compression-induced relaxation is independent of the cell type, proportional to the initial tissue contractility, and depends on RhoA-mediated myosin activity. Together, our results demonstrate that compressive stress can relax active tissue force, and points to a potential role of this feedback mechanism during morphogenetic events such as onco- or embryogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 6-7","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size distribution of decaying foam bubbles.","authors":"Ildoo Kim","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00498-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00498-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most studies on the stability of foam bubbles investigated the mechanical stability of thin films between bubbles due to the drainage by gravity. In the current work, we take an alternative approach by assuming the rupture of bubbles as a series of random events and by investigating the time evolution of the size distribution of foam bubbles over a long time up to several hours. For this purpose, we first prepared layers of bubbles on Petri dishes by shaking soap solutions of a few different concentrations, and then we monitored the Petri dishes by using a time-lapse video imaging technique. We analyzed the captured images by custom software to count the bubble size distribution with respect to the initial concentration and elapsed time. From the statistics on our data, we find that the total bubble volume decreases exponentially in time, and the exponent, i.e., the mean lifetime, is a function of the bubble size. The mean lifetimes of larger bubbles are observed to be shorter than those of smaller bubbles, by approximately a factor of 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 6-7","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roughness exponents of the liquid/vapor/solid contact line on surfaces with dilute random Gaussian defects: numerical study.","authors":"Stanimir Iliev, Nina Pesheva, Pavel Iliev","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00486-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00486-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study here the roughness exponents of the averaged contact line width of a liquid in contact with flat, weakly heterogeneous substrates containing dilute, randomly distributed Gaussian-type defects. For this purpose, we employ the full capillary model. The obtained results for the magnitude of the averaged root-mean-square width of the contact line show that there is only one interval in which the width scales with length as a power function. The numerical studies and analysis indicate that this interval should be regarded as a length scale smaller than the jog length. The roughness exponent found is not a universal constant independent of the apparent contact angle formed by the liquid on the solid surface. It closely approaches the theoretically predicted value of 1/2 [M. O. Robbins, and J. F. Joanny, Europhys. Lett. 3, 729 (1987)] only within the contact angle ranges of <math><msup><mn>10</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> to <math><msup><mn>30</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> and <math><msup><mn>150</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> to <math><msup><mn>170</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> . Furthermore, it can be considered that there is still a significant range of contact angles, from <math><msup><mn>55</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> up to <math><msup><mn>125</mn> <mo>∘</mo></msup> </math> , in which the roughness exponent remains practically constant, however, having a value of 0.8.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 6-7","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo assessment of kinematic relationships for epithelial morphogenesis.","authors":"Toshinori Namba, Kaoru Sugimura, Shuji Ishihara","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00495-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00495-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue growth and deformation result from the combined effects of various cellular events, including cell shape change, cell rearrangement, cell division, and cell death. Resolving and integrating these cellular events is essential for understanding the coordination of tissue-scale growth and deformation by individual cellular behaviors that are critical for morphogenesis, wound healing, and other collective cellular phenomena. For epithelial tissues composed of tightly connected cells, the texture tensor method provides a unified framework for quantifying tissue and cell strains by tracking individual cells in live imaging data. The corresponding kinematic relationships have been introduced in a hydrodynamic model that we previously reported. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the kinematic equations proposed in the hydrodynamic model using experimental data from a growing Drosophila wing. To accomplish this, we introduced modified definitions of the texture tensor and confirmed that one of these modifications more accurately represents approximated cellular shapes without relying on ad hoc scaling factors. By utilizing the modified tensor, we demonstrated the compatibility of the strain rate tensors and the accuracy of both the kinematic and cell number density equations. These results cross-validate the modified texture analysis and the hydrodynamic model. Furthermore, the precision of the kinematic relationships achieved in this study provides a robust foundation for more advanced integration of modeling and experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 6-7","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart navigation of microswimmers in Poiseuille flow via reinforcement learning.","authors":"Priyam Chakraborty, Rahul Roy, Shubhadeep Mandal","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00496-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00496-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial microswimmers, such as active colloids, have the potential to revolutionize targeted drug delivery, but controlling their motion under imposed flow conditions remains challenging. In this work, we implement reinforcement learning (RL) to control the navigation of a microswimmer in a plane Poiseuille flow, with applications in targeted drug delivery. With RL, the swimmer learns to efficiently reach its target by continuously adjusting its swinging or tumbling behavior depending upon its self-propulsion strength, chirality and the imposed flow strength. This RL-based approach enables precise control of the particle's path, achieving reliable targeting even in stringent scenarios such as upstream motion in high bulk flow, thus advancing the design of intelligent in vivo medical microrobots.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 6-7","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Quantum metrology and sensing with many-body systems","authors":"Victor Montenegro ,&nbsp;Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay ,&nbsp;Rozhin Yousefjani ,&nbsp;Saubhik Sarkar ,&nbsp;Utkarsh Mishra ,&nbsp;Matteo G.A. Paris ,&nbsp;Abolfazl Bayat","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum systems, fabricated across various spatial scales from nano to micrometers, are very delicate and naturally sensitive to the variations of their environment. These features make them excellent candidates for serving as sensors with wide range of applications. Indeed, the exceptional precision of quantum sensors arises from their compact size and inherent sensitivity, enabling measurements with unprecedented accuracy within highly localized regions. A key advantage of quantum sensors lies in their resource efficiency, as their achievable precision can scale super-linearly with respect to resources, such as system size, in contrast to the linear scaling characteristic of classical sensors. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as quantum-enhanced sensitivity, fundamentally depends on exploiting uniquely quantum mechanical features, including superposition, entanglement, and squeezing. Originally, quantum sensing was formulated for particles prepared in a special form of entangled states. Yet, certain realization of these probes may be susceptible to decoherence and interaction between particles may also be detrimental to their performance. An alternative framework for quantum sensing has been developed through exploiting quantum many-body systems, where the interaction between particles plays a crucial role. In this review, we investigate different aspects of the latter approach for quantum metrology and sensing. Many-body probes have been used for sensing purposes in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium scenarios. Quantum criticality, as a well-studied subject in many-body physics, has been identified as a resource for achieving quantum-enhanced sensitivity in both of these scenarios. In equilibrium, various types of criticalities, such as first order, second order, topological, and localization phase transitions have been exploited for sensing purposes. In non-equilibrium scenarios, quantum-enhanced sensitivity has been discovered for Floquet, dissipative, and time crystal phase transitions. While each type of these criticalities, either in equilibrium or non-equilibrium scenarios, has its own characteristics, the presence of one feature is crucial for achieving quantum-enhanced sensitivity and that is energy/quasi-energy gap closing. In non-equilibrium quantum sensing, time becomes another parameter which can affect the sensitivity of the probe. Typically, the sensitivity enhances as the probe evolves in time. In this review, we provide an overview on recent progresses on different aspects of quantum metrology and sensing with many-body systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1134 ","pages":"Pages 1-62"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional Abelian and non-Abelian gauge Higgs theories","authors":"Claudio Bonati ,&nbsp;Andrea Pelissetto ,&nbsp;Ettore Vicari","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gauge symmetries and Higgs mechanisms are key features of theories describing high-energy particle physics and collective phenomena in statistical and condensed-matter physics. In this review we address the collective behavior of systems of multicomponent scalar fields interacting with gauge fields, which can be already present in the underlying microscopic system or emerge only at criticality. The interplay between local gauge and global symmetries determines the phase diagram, the nature of the Higgs phases, and the nature of phase transitions between the high-temperature disordered and the low-temperature Higgs phases. However, additional crucial features determine the universal properties of the critical behavior at continuous transitions. Specifically, their nature also depends on the role played by the gauge modes at criticality. Effective (Abelian or non-Abelian) gauge Higgs field theories emerge when gauge modes develop critical correlations. On the other hand, a more standard critical behavior, which admits an effective description in terms of Landau–Ginzburg–Wilson <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Φ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> theories, occurs when gauge-field modes are short ranged at the transition. In the latter case, gauge fields only prevent non-gauge invariant correlation functions from becoming critical. This review covers the recent progress made in the study of Higgs systems with Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields. We discuss the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of systems with a classical partition function, focusing mainly on three-dimensional systems, and only briefly discussing two-dimensional models. However, by using the quantum-to-classical mapping, the results on the critical behavior for classical systems in <span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> dimensions can be extended to quantum transitions in <span><math><mi>d</mi></math></span> dimensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1133 ","pages":"Pages 1-92"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}