物理最新文献

{"title":"A dual-layered neural network for the cancer system with stem cells and chemotherapy","authors":"Zulqurnain Sabir,&nbsp;M. A. Abdelkawy,&nbsp;Aya Baghdady,&nbsp;Bader Berro","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06823-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06823-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Purpose</i> The present research investigations provide the numerical performances of the cancer system with stem cell and chemotherapy by using a dual-layered stochastic process. The mathematical cancer system with chemotherapy along with stem cells is one of the nonlinear models, which are classified into four different cell groups, called as stem <i>S</i>(<i>x</i>), effected <i>E</i>(<i>x</i>): tumor <i>T</i>(<i>x</i>), and chemotherapy having concentration drug <i>M</i>(<i>x</i>). <i>Method</i> A design of deep neural network having two different layers is presented by using sigmoid function in both hidden layers, with 15 and 20 numbers of neurons in the respective layers, while the optimization is performed through the Bayesian regularization scheme, which is considered an effective approach for solving the nonlinear models. The construction of the dataset is performed through the implicit Runge–Kutta approach, which reduces the mean square error by separating into training as 70%, testing 16%, and verification 14%. <i>Results</i> The dual-layered neural network solver’s correctness is performed by using the comparison of the results, and best training is around 10^–09 to 10^–11, and negligible absolute error is found as 10^–06 to 10^–08. Moreover, some tests including regression, transition state, best fitness, and error histogram also update the consistency of the designed dual-layered procedure. <i>Novelty</i> A design of deep neural network having two different layers is first time applied to solve the cancer system with stem cell and chemotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraints on superheavy dark matter decaying into (hnu ), (Znu ) and (Well )","authors":"Olivier Deligny","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14736-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14736-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dark matter particles could be superheavy (mass <span>(M_Xgtrsim 10^9~)</span>GeV) provided that their lifetime <span>(tau _X)</span> is extremely long, i.e. greater than <span>(simeq 10^{22}~)</span>yr. Such stringent constraints on <span>(tau _X)</span> are generally obtained by limiting the prompt emission of ultrahigh energy (<span>(gtrsim 10^9~)</span>GeV) gamma rays and neutrinos from the decay processes to below the corresponding flux upper bounds. In this paper, we show that even more severe bounds can be obtained for <span>(M_Xgtrsim 10^{13}~)</span>GeV from the synchrotron radiation of electron decay byproducts in the Galaxy. We illustrate the power of these constraints using generic Higgs-induced <span>(hnu )</span> and gauge-induced <span>(Znu /Well )</span> decay channels, motivated by particle-physics setups invoking right-handed neutrinos. As a concrete benchmark, we consider a superheavy dark-matter candidate within an extended type-I seesaw framework and show that the lower bounds on lifetime can be translated into upper bounds on a mass-mixing parameter <span>(delta M)</span>, which must satisfy approximately <span>(delta Mlesssim 2times 10^{-17}/[M_X/(10^9~textrm{GeV})]^{0.5})</span> GeV for <span>(M_Xgtrsim 10^9)</span> GeV. Some implications in the context of inflationary cosmologies are discussed.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14736-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical dark energy in 0’B braneworlds","authors":"Ivano Basile,&nbsp;Alessandro Borys,&nbsp;Joaquin Masias","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14706-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14706-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We build a novel realization of dark bubble cosmology in non-supersymmetric string theory. Among the simplest models in ten dimensions, the type 0’B orientifold is the unique option which yields a scale-separated construction. The resulting setting produces a logarithmically varying dynamical dark energy, reflecting its holographic counterpart in terms of running gauge couplings. We analyze in detail the phenomenological consequences of the model for particle physics, inflation and late-time cosmology. We find that, although particle physics may be consistently realized, neither early-time nor late-time cosmology are observationally viable.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14706-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stripe order in quasicrystals","authors":"Rafael M. P. Teixeira,&nbsp;Eric C. Andrade","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01040-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01040-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explore the emergence of magnetic order in geometrically frustrated quasiperiodic systems, focusing on the interplay between local tile symmetry and frustration-induced constraints. In particular, we study the <span>(J_1)</span>-<span>(J_2)</span> Ising model on the two-dimensional Ammann–Beenker quasicrystal. Through large-scale Monte Carlo simulations and general arguments, we map the phase diagram of the model. For small <span>(J_2)</span>, a Néel phase appears, whereas a stripe phase is stable for dominant antiferromagnetic <span>(J_2)</span>, despite the system’s lack of periodicity. Although long-range stripe order emerges below a critical temperature, unlike in random systems, it is softened by the nucleation of competing stripe domains pinned at specific quasiperiodic sites. This behavior reveals a unique mechanism of symmetry breaking in quasiperiodic lattices, where geometric frustration and local environment effects compete to determine the magnetic ground state. Our results show how long-range order adapts to non-periodic structures, with implications for understanding nematic phases and other broken-symmetry states in quasicrystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain growth in long-range Ising models with disorder","authors":"Ramgopal Agrawal,&nbsp;Federico Corberi,&nbsp;Eugenio Lippiello,&nbsp;Sanjay Puri","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01035-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01035-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advances have highlighted the rich low-temperature kinetics of the long-range Ising model (LRIM). This study investigates domain growth in an LRIM with quenched disorder, following a deep low-temperature quench. Specifically, we consider an Ising model with interactions that decay as <span>(J(r) sim r^{-(D+sigma )})</span>, where <i>D</i> is the spatial dimension and <span>(sigma &gt; 0)</span> is the power-law exponent. The quenched disorder is introduced via random pinning fields at each lattice site. For nearest-neighbor models, we expect that domain growth during activated dynamics is <i>logarithmic</i> in nature: <span>(R(t) sim (ln t)^{alpha })</span>, with growth exponent <span>(alpha &gt;0)</span>. Here, we examine how long-range interactions influence domain growth with disorder in dimensions <span>(D = 1)</span> and <span>(D = 2)</span>. In <span>(D = 1)</span>, logarithmic growth is found to persist for various <span>(sigma &gt; 0)</span>. However, in <span>(D = 2)</span>, the dynamics is more complex due to the non-trivial interplay between extended interactions, disorder, and thermal fluctuations.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfect fluid dark matter: a viability test with galaxy rotation curves","authors":"Jan Kuncewicz","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14705-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14705-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The anomalous rotation curves of galaxies provide compelling evidence for dark matter, yet its fundamental nature and distribution remain key unresolved issues in astrophysics. In this work, we investigate a dark matter model derived from first principles within General Relativity, treating the halo as a perfect fluid with a specific anisotropic equation of state characterized by a single parameter. This framework yields two families of static, spherically symmetric solutions: a Power-Law metric and a Logarithmic metric. As an initial viability test, we fit the model’s derived circular velocity profiles to the dark matter contributions of representative galaxies from the SPARC database. Our analysis reveals that the two solutions effectively describe different regions of the halo: the Logarithmic form accurately models the large-radius behavior, while the Power-Law form successfully reproduces the inner rotation curve. Notably, the model consistently favors a shallow central density profile, aligning with cored halo models and providing a fit for galaxies with a gradual rise in velocity. We conclude that this simple, analytically-derived fluid model provides a compelling and physically-motivated framework for describing galactic rotation curves, warranting a more exhaustive study across a larger sample of galaxies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14705-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-based pruning for input features in Graph Neural Networks","authors":"Lapenna Michela,&nbsp;Faglioni Francesco,&nbsp;Fioresi Rita,&nbsp;Bruno Giovanni","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06804-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06804-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, we employ the concept of neural network temperature to prune unimportant features in input to a Graph Neural Network (GNN) architecture. In benchmark datasets for node and graph property prediction, each node comes equipped with a vector of numerous features. It is paramount to understand which information is actually necessary and which can be discarded, both for efficiency and explainability. The temperature is linked to the gradient activity due to the loss function minimization and leads to pruning of weight structures associated with small gradients. This study is done on different GNN architectures, one for node classification and another one for link prediction, and several benchmark datasets are employed. We compare the results with similar experiments previously conducted on the filters of Convolutional Neural Networks. Although still at the proof-of-concept stage, our temperature-based pruning technique stands as a promising alternative to state-of-the-art magnitude-based pruning techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06804-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced optical and radiation protection characteristics of lead-free ZnO-enriched B2O3–TeO2–Na2O–Y2O3 glasses for advanced opto-shielding applications","authors":"Shrikant Biradar,&nbsp;Aljawhara Almuqrin,&nbsp;M. I. Sayyed","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06810-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06810-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel series of ZnO-doped borate-based glasses with compositions (70.5-x)B₂O₃–20TeO₂–9Na₂O–0.5Y₂O₃–xZnO (x = 9, 12, 15, and 18 mol %) were synthesized using a rapid quenching method. Their optical and radiation shielding properties were thoroughly evaluated to assess the impact of ZnO incorporation. UV–Vis. absorption spectroscopy confirmed the amorphous nature of the glasses and showed a progressive blue shift in the absorption edge with increased ZnO, correlating with elevated optical band gap values (3.396 to 3.664 eV for direct and 2.553 to 3.196 eV for indirect transitions) due to enhanced bridging oxygens and fewer NBOs. The decrease in Urbach energy and refractive index indicated improved structural order and compactness. Optical parameters like molar refraction, polarizability, basicity, and electronegativity varied with composition, reflecting ZnO-induced structural changes. Zn18Y exhibited the highest transparency (81.6%) and the lowest reflection loss. Radiation attenuation factors and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were computed, showing improved shielding with higher ZnO content, especially at low photon energies. Z_eff and RPE declined with energy but remained superior for Zn-rich glasses. Zn18Y demonstrated the best radiation shielding due to its high density. Comparisons with other glass systems confirmed the competitive radiation attenuation efficiency of the prepared glasses. The outcomes of the developed glasses show strong promise for transparent radiation protection applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the structural evolution and its impact on the mechanical and thermal properties of zirconium metallic glass under various quenching and strain rate conditions: A molecular dynamics approach","authors":"Abdelaziz El Kharraz,&nbsp;Tarik El Hafi,&nbsp;Abdelhadi Kotri,&nbsp;Omar Bajjou,&nbsp;Youssef Lachtioui","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06816-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06816-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of cooling and strain rates on the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of monatomic zirconium metallic glass through molecular dynamics simulations. Cooling rates ranging from 5 × 10¹² to 10¹⁴ K/s were applied to control glass formation, while uniaxial tensile strain rates from 10⁹ to 5 × 10¹⁰ s⁻¹ were used to assess mechanical response. The results indicate that rapid cooling effectively suppresses crystallization and enhances local atomic ordering. Increasing the strain rate leads to higher stiffness, with Young’s modulus rising from 40 to 70 GPa and hardness increasing from 0.7 GPa to 2.2 GPa, depending on the strain and cooling conditions. Additionally, thermal conductivity improves with slower cooling, reaching a maximum of approximately 0.47 W/m.K. These findings highlight the critical role of processing conditions in tuning the atomic structure and performance of zirconium metallic glass, providing valuable guidance for the design of advanced amorphous materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus and potassium distributions in the kidneys of mice administered with renal tubular invasion heavy metals by micro-PIXE","authors":"Shino Homma-Takeda,&nbsp;Hitomi Fujishiro,&nbsp;Izumi Tanaka,&nbsp;Haruko Yakumaru,&nbsp;Hiroki Taguchi,&nbsp;Kyoko Ayama,&nbsp;Masakazu Oikawa,&nbsp;Seiichiro Himeno","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06819-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06819-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kidney is crucial for the disposition of heavy metals taken into the body, and the renal proximal tubules are responsible for the region-specific reabsorption of substances from the urine. However, the dynamics of the elemental distributions in the renal tubules have not been clearly understood. Herein, the precise distributions of endogenous elements, such as P and K in the kidney with distinct tubular regions, were examined in mice administered with renal tubular invasion heavy metals, such as Pt or Cd, by particle-induced X-ray emission analysis with microbeam (micro-PIXE). Renal cryosections (thickness = 10 μm) were subjected to micro-PIXE analysis. Areas with concentrated P and K were observed in the outer stripes of the outer medulla, in which the distal portion of the proximal tubules was distributed after the administration of Cd but not Pt. Additionally, the dynamics of the Pt and Cd distributions were examined by high-energy X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) analysis using high-energy synchrotron radiation utilizing serial sections of micro-PIXE specimens. Cd was distributed mainly in the cortex, where the proximal portion of the proximal tubules were distributed, early after administration, but later spread to the outer stripe of the outer medulla, where the distal portion of the proximal tubules was distributed. Pt was uniformly distributed in the renal tubular regions. The combined micro-PIXE and SR-XRF techniques can robustly study the element distribution dynamics in renal tubules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}