Physics Reports最新文献

{"title":"Axion astrophysics","authors":"Pierluca Carenza ,&nbsp;Maurizio Giannotti ,&nbsp;Jordi Isern ,&nbsp;Alessandro Mirizzi ,&nbsp;Oscar Straniero","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stars have been recognized as optimal laboratories to probe axion properties. In the last decades there have been significant advances in this field due to a better modeling of stellar systems and accurate observational data. In this work we review the current status of constraints on axions from stellar physics. We focus in particular on the Sun, globular cluster stars, white dwarfs and (proto)-neutron stars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1117 ","pages":"Pages 1-102"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of line profile asymmetry in precision spectroscopy","authors":"Dmitry A. Solovyev ,&nbsp;Timur A. Zalialiutdinov ,&nbsp;Aleksei A. Anikin ,&nbsp;Leonti N. Labzowsky","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we have investigated the asymmetry of the line profile in precision one- and two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen and helium atoms within the framework of a rigorous QED approach. A detailed analysis of the angular correlations of the quantum interference effect has been carried out using various examples. Nonresonant effects are also considered in relation to some astrophysical problems. In particular, a rigorous QED derivation of the nonresonant extension for the Lorentz line profile is given using the Ly <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> transition as an example; such a QED derivation has been lacking in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1114 ","pages":"Pages 1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling multiscale infectious disease in complex systems","authors":"Jiajun Xian ,&nbsp;Minghui Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Meiyi Yang ,&nbsp;Tianshu Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Yang ,&nbsp;Gui-Quan Sun ,&nbsp;Jinlin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The infectious diseases spreading in real-world complex systems are exceptionally rapid and present rich spatiotemporal evolution patterns and critical phenomena at different scales. Using mathematical modelling approaches to study multiscale infectious diseases is crucial for understanding the rules of infectious diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in multiscale infectious disease modelling, including microcosmic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales, respectively, describing the infectious disease spreading in fact-to-fact contact (e.g., conference), metropolitan areas and globally. This review mainly presents the recent progress of the modelling approaches, the effects of complex systems scale, and the critical phenomena associated with them at the three scales. Finally, the challenges and the open issues for future studies for multiscale infectious disease modelling are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1113 ","pages":"Pages 1-57"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble injection for heat transfer enhancement: From physics to applications","authors":"Ahmad Zarei ,&nbsp;Liya Hooshyari ,&nbsp;Sohrab Zaboli ,&nbsp;Marzie Babaie Rabiee ,&nbsp;Saeed Akhavan ,&nbsp;Sadegh Seddighi ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mesgarpour ,&nbsp;Somchai Wongwises ,&nbsp;Michael Schlüter ,&nbsp;Goodarz Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Christos N. Markides ,&nbsp;Yonghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Lin ,&nbsp;Omid Mahian","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in bubble-induced heat transfer enhancement, with a primary focus on understanding the fundamental underlying physics. Accordingly, this review first highlights recent novel concepts and techniques developed to enhance heat transfer through bubble injection, followed by explaining the essential physical aspects of this development. It attempts to clarify the impact of bubble injection on heat transfer by examining key mechanisms in two-phase bubbly flow. The factors that influence heat transfer and fluid flow, including mechanisms of bubble ascent, bubble breakage, and coalescence, as well as the impact of bubble size and shape, are examined. Furthermore, the review explores the use of bubble injection in different types of heat exchangers in addition to other applications, including solar collectors, hydrogen production, internal combustion engines, and energy storage systems. Furthermore, the article identifies current research gaps and existing challenges and suggests potential directions for future research in bubble-induced heat transfer enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1112 ","pages":"Pages 1-117"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to collection of ATLAS Run-2 Physics Report articles","authors":"ATLAS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1116 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stairway to heaven","authors":"The CMS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1115 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control of spatial diseases spreading in networked reaction–diffusion systems","authors":"Gui-Quan Sun ,&nbsp;Runzi He ,&nbsp;Li-Feng Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Luo ,&nbsp;Shupeng Gao ,&nbsp;Lili Chang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Zi-Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious diseases have long been acknowledged as significant public health menaces by both the general public and health authorities, emphatically underscoring the crucial necessity for highly efficacious prevention and control strategies. Within the realm of statistical physics and complex systems, optimal control theory emerges as a fundamental and indispensable framework for formulating these preventive measures. Simultaneously, networked reaction–diffusion systems have emerged as essential tools for comprehensively understanding the complex dynamics of infectious disease transmission. These systems integrate diverse and essential aspects of human spatial behavior, including habitat distribution, small-world network properties, and large-scale movement patterns, key elements in the in-depth study of complex systems. Consequently, there is a rapidly burgeoning interest in exploring the optimal control problems associated with these reaction–diffusion equations. However, study on the complex dynamics and optimal control of network infectious disease models remains limited, especially in the context of higher-order networks that introduce additional layers of complexity. This article reviews recent advances in the dynamics and optimal control of networked reaction–diffusion systems, underscoring their vital and irreplaceable role in disease prevention and control. We deep dive into the dynamics within both regular and complex networks, investigating how network structure and diffusion parameters influence disease transmission. Furthermore, we comprehensively expound upon several optimal control strategies, including sparse and local optimal control, and propose a comprehensive approach that integrates both reaction and diffusion terms. Finally, we outline future research directions, emphasizing the great potential of integrated strategies to effectively tackle spatial disease transmission, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for related fields within the expansive domain of statistical physics and complex systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1111 ","pages":"Pages 1-64"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological foundations of ferroelectricity","authors":"Igor A. Lukyanchuk ,&nbsp;Anna G. Razumnaya ,&nbsp;Svitlana Kondovych ,&nbsp;Yuri A. Tikhonov ,&nbsp;Boris Khesin ,&nbsp;Valerii M. Vinokur","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 21st century has witnessed a revolutionary shift in the understanding of properties of matter driven by the application of topological principles. While the traditional approach to material science has been focusing on local interactions, topology introduces a global, non-local description in which the geometry of a material profoundly influences its properties. Ferroelectric materials, with their spontaneous electric polarization, have long been essential for understanding fundamental physical phenomena, which have led to numerous practical applications. Recent discoveries have revealed that nanostructured ferroelectrics host a wealth of fundamental topological states, which effectively enrich the landscape of ferroelectric research. This Review explores the topological foundation of ferroelectricity, rooted in the electrostatic essence of these materials. Drawing upon the analogy between the hydrodynamics of incompressible fluids and the electrostatics of polarization fields, we establish a comprehensive framework for classifying the complex topological states observed in ferroelectrics. We demonstrate that the rich diversity of polarization structures can be exhaustively described using the advanced topological approach. By extending fundamental topological concepts such as helicity, fibration, foliation, and ergodicity, we offer a systematic analysis of the topological textures in ferroelectrics. This work provides a coherent framework for understanding and manipulating topological structures in nanostructured ferroelectrics, paving the way for innovations in materials science and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1110 ","pages":"Pages 1-56"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The symmetry approach to quark and lepton masses and mixing","authors":"Gui-Jun Ding ,&nbsp;José W.F. Valle","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Standard Model lacks an organizing principle to describe quark and lepton “flavours”. Neutrino oscillation experiments show that leptons mix very differently from quarks, adding a major challenge to the flavour puzzle. We briefly sketch the seesaw and the dark-matter-mediated “scotogenic” neutrino mass generation approaches. We discuss the limitations of popular neutrino mixing patterns and examine the possibility that they arise from symmetry, giving a bottom-up approach to residual flavour and CP symmetries. We show how such family and/or CP symmetries can yield novel, viable and predictive mixing patterns. Model-independent ways to predict lepton mixing and neutrino mass sum rules are reviewed. We also discuss UV-complete flavour theories in four and more space–time dimensions. As benchmark examples we present an <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> scotogenic construction with trimaximal mixing pattern TM2 and another with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> flavour symmetry and generalized CP symmetry. Higher-dimensional flavour completions are also briefly discussed, such as 5-D warped flavordynamics with a <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> symmetry yielding a TM1 mixing pattern, detectable neutrinoless double beta decay rates and a very good global fit of flavour observables. We also mention 6-D orbifolds as a way to fix the structure of the 4-D family symmetry. We give a scotogenic benchmark orbifold model predicting the “golden” quark–lepton mass relation, stringent neutrino oscillation parameter regions, and an excellent global flavour fit, including quark observables. Finally, we discuss promising recent progress in tackling the flavour issue through the use of modular symmetries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1109 ","pages":"Pages 1-105"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climbing to the Top of the ATLAS 13 TeV data","authors":"ATLAS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The large amount of data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to 140 fb⁻¹ of <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math></span> collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math></span>, has brought our knowledge of the top quark to a higher level. The measurement of the top–antitop quark pair-production cross-section has reached a precision of 1.8% and the cross-section was measured differentially up to several TeV in multiple observables including the top-quark transverse momentum and top-quark-pair invariant mass. Single-top-quark production was studied in all production modes. Rare production processes where the top quark is associated with a vector boson, and four-top-quark production, have become accessible and cross-section measurements for several of these processes have reached uncertainties of around 10% or smaller. Innovative measurements of the top-quark mass and properties have also emerged, including the observation of quantum entanglement in the top-quark sector and tests of lepton-flavour universality using top-quark decays. Searches for flavour-changing neutral currents in the top-quark sector have been significantly improved, reaching branching-ratio exclusion limits ranging from <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Many of these analyses have been used to set limits on Wilson coefficients within the effective field theory framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1116 ","pages":"Pages 127-183"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}