Physics Reports最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review of particle-laden flows modeling: Single/multiphase modeling approaches, benchmarks, heat transfer, intermolecular interactions, recent advances and future directions","authors":"Anas Ghannam , Ahmad Chehade , Muhammad Mustafa Generous , Anas Alazzam , Clement Kleinstreuer , Goodarz Ahmadi , Eiyad Abu-Nada","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the profound complexity of particle-laden flows is critical to advances across multiple disciplines. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding these multiphase systems, addressing both their fundamental physics and diverse modeling approaches. By beginning with effective single-phase models that are characterized by their homogeneous​ mixture properties, the review sets a foundation for exploring more advanced techniques.</div><div>The presentation then transitions to multiphase models, where advancements seek to overcome the limitations of single-phase approaches. The mixture model, valued for its simplicity and computational efficiency, struggles to capture detailed interphase interactions. This challenge leads to the multiphase Eulerian models, which treat fluid and particle phases as interpenetrating continua. The Eulerian–Lagrangian approach emerges to address the need for higher fidelity, enabling detailed tracking of individual particles, whether point-like or resolved, in the fluid. Fully Lagrangian models further refine the focus on particle dynamics, offering specialized insights despite significant computational demands.</div><div>The dynamics of particle-laden flows are shaped by the interplay of forces among particles, fluids, and surfaces. Forces such as drag, lift, Magnus, and Brownian, along with thermophoretic, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions, govern the individual particle motions. External influences, including acoustic radiation, Lorentz forces, and gravity, add complexity to these interactions. Scaling analyses provide clarity by identifying dominant dynamics across varying spatial and temporal scales.</div><div>Benchmark studies play a pivotal role in validating these models. Classical test cases, ranging from single-particle sedimentation to particle–particle dynamics, thermal migration, and Brownian motion, highlight the challenges of integrating particle transport phenomena across scales. Heat transfer mechanisms in particle-laden flows introduce another layer of complexity. Conduction, convection, and radiation interact with particle motion to shape the thermal behavior of particle–fluid suspension. At higher speeds, the multiphase mixture transitions to turbulent flow, and turbulence modeling approaches are used to analyze the chaotic flow regimes.</div><div>The techniques described in this article deepen the understanding of the complex hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of particle-laden systems, which are critical in numerous engineering and scientific applications. In addition, the review systematically explores the applications of particle-laden flows, identifying commonly used modeling approaches for various conditions. It further highlights the key forces influencing specific applications, offering critical insights into their significance and practical implications.</div><div>Ultimately, this review attempts to provide an essential and thorough g","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1118 ","pages":"Pages 1-96"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axion astrophysics","authors":"Pierluca Carenza ,&nbsp;Maurizio Giannotti ,&nbsp;Jordi Isern ,&nbsp;Alessandro Mirizzi ,&nbsp;Oscar Straniero","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stars have been recognized as optimal laboratories to probe axion properties. In the last decades there have been significant advances in this field due to a better modeling of stellar systems and accurate observational data. In this work we review the current status of constraints on axions from stellar physics. We focus in particular on the Sun, globular cluster stars, white dwarfs and (proto)-neutron stars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1117 ","pages":"Pages 1-102"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of line profile asymmetry in precision spectroscopy","authors":"Dmitry A. Solovyev ,&nbsp;Timur A. Zalialiutdinov ,&nbsp;Aleksei A. Anikin ,&nbsp;Leonti N. Labzowsky","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we have investigated the asymmetry of the line profile in precision one- and two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen and helium atoms within the framework of a rigorous QED approach. A detailed analysis of the angular correlations of the quantum interference effect has been carried out using various examples. Nonresonant effects are also considered in relation to some astrophysical problems. In particular, a rigorous QED derivation of the nonresonant extension for the Lorentz line profile is given using the Ly <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> transition as an example; such a QED derivation has been lacking in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1114 ","pages":"Pages 1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling multiscale infectious disease in complex systems","authors":"Jiajun Xian ,&nbsp;Minghui Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Meiyi Yang ,&nbsp;Tianshu Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Yang ,&nbsp;Gui-Quan Sun ,&nbsp;Jinlin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The infectious diseases spreading in real-world complex systems are exceptionally rapid and present rich spatiotemporal evolution patterns and critical phenomena at different scales. Using mathematical modelling approaches to study multiscale infectious diseases is crucial for understanding the rules of infectious diseases. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in multiscale infectious disease modelling, including microcosmic, mesoscopic and macroscopic scales, respectively, describing the infectious disease spreading in fact-to-fact contact (e.g., conference), metropolitan areas and globally. This review mainly presents the recent progress of the modelling approaches, the effects of complex systems scale, and the critical phenomena associated with them at the three scales. Finally, the challenges and the open issues for future studies for multiscale infectious disease modelling are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1113 ","pages":"Pages 1-57"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble injection for heat transfer enhancement: From physics to applications","authors":"Ahmad Zarei ,&nbsp;Liya Hooshyari ,&nbsp;Sohrab Zaboli ,&nbsp;Marzie Babaie Rabiee ,&nbsp;Saeed Akhavan ,&nbsp;Sadegh Seddighi ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mesgarpour ,&nbsp;Somchai Wongwises ,&nbsp;Michael Schlüter ,&nbsp;Goodarz Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Christos N. Markides ,&nbsp;Yonghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Lin ,&nbsp;Omid Mahian","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in bubble-induced heat transfer enhancement, with a primary focus on understanding the fundamental underlying physics. Accordingly, this review first highlights recent novel concepts and techniques developed to enhance heat transfer through bubble injection, followed by explaining the essential physical aspects of this development. It attempts to clarify the impact of bubble injection on heat transfer by examining key mechanisms in two-phase bubbly flow. The factors that influence heat transfer and fluid flow, including mechanisms of bubble ascent, bubble breakage, and coalescence, as well as the impact of bubble size and shape, are examined. Furthermore, the review explores the use of bubble injection in different types of heat exchangers in addition to other applications, including solar collectors, hydrogen production, internal combustion engines, and energy storage systems. Furthermore, the article identifies current research gaps and existing challenges and suggests potential directions for future research in bubble-induced heat transfer enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1112 ","pages":"Pages 1-117"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreword to collection of ATLAS Run-2 Physics Report articles","authors":"ATLAS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1116 ","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stairway to heaven","authors":"The CMS Collaboration","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1115 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control of spatial diseases spreading in networked reaction–diffusion systems","authors":"Gui-Quan Sun ,&nbsp;Runzi He ,&nbsp;Li-Feng Hou ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Luo ,&nbsp;Shupeng Gao ,&nbsp;Lili Chang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Zi-Ke Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious diseases have long been acknowledged as significant public health menaces by both the general public and health authorities, emphatically underscoring the crucial necessity for highly efficacious prevention and control strategies. Within the realm of statistical physics and complex systems, optimal control theory emerges as a fundamental and indispensable framework for formulating these preventive measures. Simultaneously, networked reaction–diffusion systems have emerged as essential tools for comprehensively understanding the complex dynamics of infectious disease transmission. These systems integrate diverse and essential aspects of human spatial behavior, including habitat distribution, small-world network properties, and large-scale movement patterns, key elements in the in-depth study of complex systems. Consequently, there is a rapidly burgeoning interest in exploring the optimal control problems associated with these reaction–diffusion equations. However, study on the complex dynamics and optimal control of network infectious disease models remains limited, especially in the context of higher-order networks that introduce additional layers of complexity. This article reviews recent advances in the dynamics and optimal control of networked reaction–diffusion systems, underscoring their vital and irreplaceable role in disease prevention and control. We deep dive into the dynamics within both regular and complex networks, investigating how network structure and diffusion parameters influence disease transmission. Furthermore, we comprehensively expound upon several optimal control strategies, including sparse and local optimal control, and propose a comprehensive approach that integrates both reaction and diffusion terms. Finally, we outline future research directions, emphasizing the great potential of integrated strategies to effectively tackle spatial disease transmission, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for related fields within the expansive domain of statistical physics and complex systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1111 ","pages":"Pages 1-64"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological foundations of ferroelectricity","authors":"Igor A. Lukyanchuk ,&nbsp;Anna G. Razumnaya ,&nbsp;Svitlana Kondovych ,&nbsp;Yuri A. Tikhonov ,&nbsp;Boris Khesin ,&nbsp;Valerii M. Vinokur","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 21st century has witnessed a revolutionary shift in the understanding of properties of matter driven by the application of topological principles. While the traditional approach to material science has been focusing on local interactions, topology introduces a global, non-local description in which the geometry of a material profoundly influences its properties. Ferroelectric materials, with their spontaneous electric polarization, have long been essential for understanding fundamental physical phenomena, which have led to numerous practical applications. Recent discoveries have revealed that nanostructured ferroelectrics host a wealth of fundamental topological states, which effectively enrich the landscape of ferroelectric research. This Review explores the topological foundation of ferroelectricity, rooted in the electrostatic essence of these materials. Drawing upon the analogy between the hydrodynamics of incompressible fluids and the electrostatics of polarization fields, we establish a comprehensive framework for classifying the complex topological states observed in ferroelectrics. We demonstrate that the rich diversity of polarization structures can be exhaustively described using the advanced topological approach. By extending fundamental topological concepts such as helicity, fibration, foliation, and ergodicity, we offer a systematic analysis of the topological textures in ferroelectrics. This work provides a coherent framework for understanding and manipulating topological structures in nanostructured ferroelectrics, paving the way for innovations in materials science and technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1110 ","pages":"Pages 1-56"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The symmetry approach to quark and lepton masses and mixing","authors":"Gui-Jun Ding ,&nbsp;José W.F. Valle","doi":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physrep.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Standard Model lacks an organizing principle to describe quark and lepton “flavours”. Neutrino oscillation experiments show that leptons mix very differently from quarks, adding a major challenge to the flavour puzzle. We briefly sketch the seesaw and the dark-matter-mediated “scotogenic” neutrino mass generation approaches. We discuss the limitations of popular neutrino mixing patterns and examine the possibility that they arise from symmetry, giving a bottom-up approach to residual flavour and CP symmetries. We show how such family and/or CP symmetries can yield novel, viable and predictive mixing patterns. Model-independent ways to predict lepton mixing and neutrino mass sum rules are reviewed. We also discuss UV-complete flavour theories in four and more space–time dimensions. As benchmark examples we present an <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> scotogenic construction with trimaximal mixing pattern TM2 and another with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> flavour symmetry and generalized CP symmetry. Higher-dimensional flavour completions are also briefly discussed, such as 5-D warped flavordynamics with a <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> symmetry yielding a TM1 mixing pattern, detectable neutrinoless double beta decay rates and a very good global fit of flavour observables. We also mention 6-D orbifolds as a way to fix the structure of the 4-D family symmetry. We give a scotogenic benchmark orbifold model predicting the “golden” quark–lepton mass relation, stringent neutrino oscillation parameter regions, and an excellent global flavour fit, including quark observables. Finally, we discuss promising recent progress in tackling the flavour issue through the use of modular symmetries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":404,"journal":{"name":"Physics Reports","volume":"1109 ","pages":"Pages 1-105"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}