Persistent currents in ultracold gases

IF 23.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Physics Reports Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI:10.1016/j.physrep.2025.06.003

J. Polo , W.J. Chetcuti , T. Haug , A. Minguzzi , K. Wright , L. Amico

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Abstract

Persistent currents flowing in spatially closed tracks define one of the most iconic concepts in mesoscopic physics. They have been studied in solid-state platforms such as superfluids, superconductors and metals. Cold atoms trapped in magneto-optical toroidal circuits and driven by suitable artificial gauge fields allow us to study persistent currents with unprecedented control and flexibility of the system’s physical conditions. Here, we review persistent currents of ultracold matter. Capitalizing on the remarkable progress in driving different atomic species to quantum degeneracy, persistent currents of single or multicomponent bosons/fermions, and their mixtures can be addressed within the present experimental know-how. This way, fundamental concepts of quantum science and many-body physics, like macroscopic quantum coherence, solitons, vortex dynamics, fermionic pairing and BEC-BCS crossover can be studied from a novel perspective. Finally, we discuss how persistent currents can form the basis of new technological applications like matter-wave gyroscopes and interferometers.

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超冷气体中的持续电流

在空间封闭轨道上流动的持续电流定义了介观物理学中最具代表性的概念之一。它们已经在固态平台上进行了研究，如超流体、超导体和金属。冷原子被困在磁光环形电路中，并由合适的人工规范场驱动，使我们能够以前所未有的控制和系统物理条件的灵活性来研究持续电流。在这里，我们回顾了超冷物质的持续电流。利用在驱动不同原子物种的量子简并方面取得的显著进展，单组分或多组分玻色子/费米子及其混合物的持续电流可以在目前的实验技术中得到解决。这样，量子科学和多体物理的基本概念，如宏观量子相干性、孤子、涡旋动力学、费米子对和BEC-BCS交叉，就可以从一个新的角度来研究。最后，我们讨论了持续电流如何形成新技术应用的基础，如物质波陀螺仪和干涉仪。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physics Reports 物理-物理：综合

CiteScore

56.10

自引率

0.70%

发文量

102

审稿时长

9.1 weeks

期刊介绍： Physics Reports keeps the active physicist up-to-date on developments in a wide range of topics by publishing timely reviews which are more extensive than just literature surveys but normally less than a full monograph. Each report deals with one specific subject and is generally published in a separate volume. These reviews are specialist in nature but contain enough introductory material to make the main points intelligible to a non-specialist. The reader will not only be able to distinguish important developments and trends in physics but will also find a sufficient number of references to the original literature.