M. Astaschov, S. Bhagvati, S. Böser, M. J. Brandsema, R. Cabral, C. Claessens, L. de Viveiros, S. Enomoto, D. Fenner, M. Fertl, J. A. Formaggio, B. T. Foust, J. K. Gaison, P. Harmston, K. M. Heeger, M. B. Hüneborn, X. Huyan, A. M. Jones, B. J. P. Jones, E. Karim, K. Kazkaz, P. Kern, M. Li, A. Lindman, C.-Y. Liu, A. Marsteller, C. Matthé, R. Mohiuddin, B. Monreal, B. Mucogllava, R. Mueller, A. Negi, J. A. Nikkel, N. S. Oblath, M. Oueslati, J. I. Peña, W. Pettus, R. Reimann, A. L. Reine, R. G. H. Robertson, D. Rosa De Jesús, L. Saldaña, P. L. Slocum, F. Spanier, J. Stachurska, Y.-H. Sun, P. T. Surukuchi, A. B. Telles, F. Thomas, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, W. Van De Pontseele, B. A. VanDevender, T. E. Weiss, M. Wynne, A. Ziegler, (Project 8 Collaboration)
{"title":"Calorimetric wire detector for measurement of atomic hydrogen beams","authors":"M. Astaschov, S. Bhagvati, S. Böser, M. J. Brandsema, R. Cabral, C. Claessens, L. de Viveiros, S. Enomoto, D. Fenner, M. Fertl, J. A. Formaggio, B. T. Foust, J. K. Gaison, P. Harmston, K. M. Heeger, M. B. Hüneborn, X. Huyan, A. M. Jones, B. J. P. Jones, E. Karim, K. Kazkaz, P. Kern, M. Li, A. Lindman, C.-Y. Liu, A. Marsteller, C. Matthé, R. Mohiuddin, B. Monreal, B. Mucogllava, R. Mueller, A. Negi, J. A. Nikkel, N. S. Oblath, M. Oueslati, J. I. Peña, W. Pettus, R. Reimann, A. L. Reine, R. G. H. Robertson, D. Rosa De Jesús, L. Saldaña, P. L. Slocum, F. Spanier, J. Stachurska, Y.-H. Sun, P. T. Surukuchi, A. B. Telles, F. Thomas, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, W. Van De Pontseele, B. A. VanDevender, T. E. Weiss, M. Wynne, A. Ziegler, (Project 8 Collaboration)","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00987-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00987-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A calorimetric detector for minimally disruptive measurements of atomic hydrogen beams is described. The calorimeter measures heat released by the recombination of hydrogen atoms into molecules on a thin wire. As a demonstration, the angular distribution of a beam with a peak intensity of <span>(approx 10^{16} ,{textrm{atoms}}/{(textrm{cm}^2 textrm{s})})</span> is measured by translating the wire across the beam. The data agree well with an analytic model of the beam from the thermal hydrogen atom source. Using the beam shape model, the relative intensity of the beam can be determined to 5% precision or better at any angle.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00987-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transport properties of Si ions moving through He gas","authors":"Syham Lias, Larry Viehland, Meriem Haine","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00999-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00999-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we revisit the mobility and diffusion coefficients of Si<sup>+</sup> ions in their ground <sup>2</sup>P state moving in helium gas using quantum–mechanical transport cross sections. We have built the Si<sup>+</sup>-He potential from reliable and very recent energy points. These data points used in our construction are smoothly connected to adequate long- and short-range shapes, and calculations of classical cross section coefficients are also calculated. For the first time, we report transport coefficients for Si⁺(<sup>2</sup>P) across a wide range of reduced fields (10–1000 Td) and temperatures (100–500 K), achieving uncertainties of < 3% (low T) and < 5% (high T). While prior theoretical studies (Tuttle et al. in Mol Phys 115:437, 2017; Davies et al. in Phys Chem Chem Phys 24:7144, 2022) could not resolve whether the <sup>2</sup>P<sub>3/2</sub> or <sup>2</sup>P state aligns with experimental mobility data (Fahey et al. in J Chem Phys 75:669, 1981), our results demonstrate that neither the <sup>2</sup>P ground state nor its substates reproduce Fahey’s measurements within experimental uncertainty (± 5%). The discrepancy (8–12% at E/N < 50 Td) arises from quantum resonances in the momentum-transfer cross section (see Fig. 7, inset), which are absent in classical models. We corroborate Viehland’s hypothesis (Viehland et al. in Int J Ion Mobil Spectrom 20:95, 2017) that the low-pressure conditions (0.25–0.45 Torr) in Fahey’s experiment suppressed collisional excitation, favoring a non-statistical population of spin–orbit states. These findings challenge assumptions about ion–neutral interactions at low energies and underscore the need for state-resolved experiments.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation and optimization of gold nanoclusters via reinforcement learning","authors":"Muhammad Usman, Fuyi Chen","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01006-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01006-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The identification and prediction of atomic cluster structures are crucial in nanocluster and materials research, as the molecular structure significantly influences the properties of nanoclusters. This study presents an innovative approach for generating and optimizing gold Au<sub>13</sub>, Au<sub>7</sub>, Au<sub>6,</sub> and Au<sub>5</sub> nanoclusters using reinforcement learning (RL). Conventional techniques for optimizing nanoparticle structures are significantly expensive in computation and have some restrictions when exploring a broad range of design possibilities. To overcome these challenges, we used a policy-based RL model that learns how to arrange atoms on a canvas to minimize the potential energy of the nanocluster, like an actor–critic model. The agent works under a reward function based on the molecule’s energy, systematically positioning atoms on a canvas until it reaches convergence. The performance and evaluation of our RL model are assessed by local optimization techniques, specifically the BFGS optimization algorithm and simulated annealing. We conclude that the RL method is effective for identifying the configuration of Au<sub>13</sub> nanoparticles and achieving a stable and low-energy icosahedral structure. The complexity of the energy landscape of nanoalloys renders the determination of their structure a complicated task. This study points out the potential of reinforcement learning in materials science for designing and optimizing nanoparticles with stability characteristics.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>A schematic representation of the actor-critic reinforcement learning model. The input data is processed into a state, which the critic evaluates to estimate the value function. The actor uses the state to determine the action parameters, influencing the next state. The process continues as the agent learns to maximize the reward</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Schrick, K. H. Spicer, N. W. Antonio, Sh. U. Alladustov, A. S. Kadyrov
{"title":"Electron capture and ionisation in intermediate-energy C(^{6+}-)He collisions: Integrated cross sections","authors":"K. Schrick, K. H. Spicer, N. W. Antonio, Sh. U. Alladustov, A. S. Kadyrov","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01008-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01008-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrated cross sections for total and state-selective electron capture, and ionisation in C<span>(^{6+}-)</span>He collisions are calculated using the two-centre four-body wave-packet convergent close-coupling method for projectile energies ranging from 2 keV/u to 3 MeV/u. The two-electron target structure accounts for electron-electron correlation effects, as well as electron exchange in the rearrangement C<span>(^{5+}-)</span>He<span>(^{+})</span> channels, which become important at low and intermediate energies. Also used for comparison is an alternative approach that reduces the He target to an effective one-electron system. For electron capture, both methods display good agreement with experiments at high impact energies. For low impact energies the two-electron method performs well, however, the effective single-electron model overestimates available experimental data. Generally good agreement with experiment is found for ionisation cross sections for projectile energies greater than 100 keV/u with both methods. The effective single-electron method is extended down to 10 keV/u, however it overestimates low-energy experiments. It is concluded that the two-electron target description is necessary to correctly model electron capture in the entire range of incident collision energies considered in this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01008-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. L. He, L. Y. Xie, J. L. Rui, Y. L. Ma, C. Z. Dong
{"title":"Calculations of M-shell X-ray production cross sections for Ho induced by (hbox {Li}^{1,2,3+}) ions","authors":"W. L. He, L. Y. Xie, J. L. Rui, Y. L. Ma, C. Z. Dong","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01010-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01010-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The total M-shell and <span>(hbox {M}_xi )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_alpha )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_beta )</span> and <span>(hbox {M}_gamma )</span> X-ray production cross sections of Ho induced by 1 - 9 MeV <span>(hbox {Li}^{q+})</span> (<i>q</i> = 1 - 3) ions are calculated using the atomic electron removal cross sections code based on the ECPSSR theory, which includes energy loss and Coulomb deflection effects, perturbed stationary state approximation with relativistic correction, for direct ionization and non-radiative electron capture. The effects of projectile energy loss and Coulomb deflection of the projectile, perturbation of electron’s stationary state and relativistic correction of the target electron, as well as electron capture to the higher shells of the projectile are determined, by making a comprehensive study of the projectile energy and charge state dependence of the M-shell X-ray production cross sections for targets. The calculations show excellent agreement with the available experimental values. It is found that the various M series lines, that is, <span>(hbox {M}_xi )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_alpha )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_beta )</span> and <span>(hbox {M}_gamma )</span> X-ray production cross sections, are sensitive to the charge state and energy of the incident Li ions, while the intensity ratios, <span>(hbox {M}_xi )</span>/<span>(hbox {M}_{alpha beta })</span> and <span>(hbox {M}_gamma )</span>/<span>(hbox {M}_{alpha beta })</span>, do not exhibit a strong dependence on the projectile charge state.</p><p>The total M-shell X-ray production cross sections of Ho induced by lithium ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey Zaytsev, Alexander Zaytsev, Elena Kramar, Lorenzo Ugo Ancarani, Yury Popov, Konstantin Kouzakov
{"title":"Single ionization of helium by 75 keV protons outside the velocity-matching regime in the parabolic quasi-Sturmian approach","authors":"Sergey Zaytsev, Alexander Zaytsev, Elena Kramar, Lorenzo Ugo Ancarani, Yury Popov, Konstantin Kouzakov","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01005-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01005-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The parabolic quasi-Sturmian approach is applied here to 75 keV <span>(p + text{ He })</span> ionization process. We calculate fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for electrons ejected into the scattering plane with energies far from the velocity-matching case. Our results provide the first comparison, on a variety of kinematical and geometrical configurations, with recent experimental absolute scale data. To obtain the ionization amplitude in such an energy regime, we use convolutions of two quasi-Sturmian functions (CQS) that satisfy the so-called 2C-like model, within which the proton-ion and electron-ion interactions are taken into account exactly. In turn, the proton-electron interaction is taken into account by means of an equation of the Lippmann-Schwinger type that is solved using an expansion of the potential in Sturmian functions. To improve the rate of convergence as more terms are included in the potential separable representations, it appears necessary to use smoothing factors in combination with an optimal choice of the basis scaling parameter. As far as the binary peak position is concerned, the calculated FDCSs are found to be in reasonable agreement with recent experimental data; the magnitude agreement goes from bad to good according to the considered configuration. In contrast to the experimental statement that non-postcollision interaction effects are dominant at small energy losses, we do not reach the same conclusion. Although the considered kinematics are far from the velocity-matching regime, the role played by electron capture may be responsible for some experimentally observed features that clearly do not appear in our theoretical description.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina E. Bedrina, Sergey G. Semenov, Marina V. Suyasova, Victor P. Sedov, Anatoly V. Titov
{"title":"Iodine, tellurium, and xenon inside fullerene: modeling of endohedral structures","authors":"Marina E. Bedrina, Sergey G. Semenov, Marina V. Suyasova, Victor P. Sedov, Anatoly V. Titov","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00958-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00958-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural parameters, spin states, quadrupole or dipole moments, embedding energies, and IR spectra of endohedral I<sup>−</sup>@C<sub>60</sub>, I<sup>−</sup>@C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup>, I<sup>–</sup>@C<sub>58</sub>B<sub>2</sub>, I<sup>−</sup>@[C<sub>58</sub>B<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>, I<sup>−</sup>@[C<sub>59</sub>B]<sup>+</sup>, I<sup>−</sup>@[C<sub>60</sub>I]<sup>+</sup>, (I<sup>−</sup>@C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup>)<sub>2</sub>, Te@C<sub>60</sub>, Te@C<sub>58</sub>B<sub>2</sub>, Xe@C<sub>60</sub>, and Xe@C<sub>58</sub>B<sub>2</sub> complexes are predicted by quantum chemical DFT (U)PBE0 method. The nucleus of an <i>endo</i>-atom is localized in the vicinity of cage center. The distortion of the fullerene structure by the <i>endo</i>-atom is small. The electrically neutral complexes are metastable. The energies of I<sup>−</sup>@C<sub>60</sub> and I<sup>−</sup>@C<sub>58</sub>B<sub>2</sub> anions are lower than the sum of the energies of free components. The addition of the iodine <i>exo</i>-atom to the I<sup>−</sup>@C<sub>60</sub><sup>+</sup> free radical transforms it into the stable singlet I<sup>−</sup>@[C<sub>60</sub>I]<sup>+</sup> zwitter-ion, the energy of which is lower than the energy of the molecule C<sub>60</sub>I<sub>2</sub>. The relaxation effect after β<sup>−</sup> decay of the radioiodide <i>endo</i>-anion in the fullerene cage is very small. The possibilities of synthesis of fullerene and heterofullerene endohedral complexes with radioactive iodine from a tellurium-containing precursor are discussed.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>X@C<sub>60–k</sub>B<sub>k</sub>; I@C<sub>60</sub>I; (I@C<sub>60</sub>)<sub>2</sub>; k = 0, 1, 2; X = I, Te, Xe</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Line broadening analysis for open states: two- and three-photon spectroscopy","authors":"Dorothy Koki Mringie, Kipkorir Cornelius, Geoffrey Kihara Rurimo, Ogaro Elijah Nyakang’o","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01004-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01004-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of line broadening mechanisms for open states in two-photon spectroscopy (a V-type atomic system). The effects of optical pumping of population to a dark state (or meta-stable states) and partial Doppler broadening due to wavelength mismatch are solved using electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) effect in triple resonance spectroscopy. The finite linewidth of IR transition and opposite Doppler shifts of the fixed IR laser frequency fields in a counter-propagation <span>(Lambda )</span>-system, which restricts EIA effect to a narrow range of frequencies. For atomic vapor at a finite temperature, narrow dips with large amplitude are induced on the transparency spectra of the probe, effectively resolving closely spaced lines of the <span>(6text {P}_{3/2})</span> state in <span>(^{85})</span>Rb.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Sun, Ling Qian, Dunbo Cai, Zhiguo Huang, Songfeng Lu
{"title":"On time slices, time complexity, and energy increase in implementing quantum adiabatic evolution by circuit model","authors":"Jie Sun, Ling Qian, Dunbo Cai, Zhiguo Huang, Songfeng Lu","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01003-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01003-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, motivated by previous related works on a kind of quantum local adiabatic evolution, we mainly study the circuit model of its corresponding quantum global adiabatic search algorithm, in which the evolving paths functions in the system Hamiltonian have a general form instead of the usual linear interpolating ones which are widely investigated in the literature. The main conclusion found here can be summarized as follows. Though this quantum adiabatic computation can demonstrate various algorithmic performances, when considering implementing it by a quantum circuit, the time slices thus produced always keep as an invariant which is proportional to inverse square of the overlap between the initial and final states in the problem of interest and also equal to that of multiplying the time complexity and the energy together, by noting that compared with the usual adiabatic evolutions, there is being a great increase of energy of the system. As far as we know, the result exposed here is new and is hoped to be useful for further understanding the kind of quantum adiabatic evolution itself and its connection with the quantum circuit model. Also, we hope the main conclusion here will be ubiquitous when considering applying this kind of quantum adiabatic evolution to solve the problems beyond quantum search.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primordial three-body recombination in the early Universe involving an electron and two protons","authors":"Tamaz Kereselidze, Irakli Noselidze","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00997-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00997-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rate of hydrogen molecular ion formation through the combination of an electron with two neighboring protons in the recombination stage of the Universe’s evolution has been estimated. Our approach employs the Thompson recombination scheme, in which an electron combines with a single proton under the influence of the electric field of the nearest neighboring proton. The calculations indicate that the reaction coefficient—and consequently, the rate of three-body recombination—is several orders of magnitude higher than previously assumed. It is demonstrated that the rate of three-body recombination is highly sensitive to the degree of excitation of the hydrogen molecular ion, increasing significantly as the excitation level rises.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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