The European Physical Journal A最新文献

{"title":"Novel analysis of proton-(gamma ) coincidences for the (beta )-delayed proton emission technique: the case of (^{46})Mn","authors":"D. Godos,&nbsp;L. Acosta,&nbsp;P. Ascher,&nbsp;B. Blank,&nbsp;J. Giovinazzo,&nbsp;F. de Oliveira Santos,&nbsp;C. Fougères,&nbsp;A. M. Sánchez-Benítez,&nbsp;N. Adimi,&nbsp;A. Algora,&nbsp;M. Aouadi,&nbsp;N. Benouaret,&nbsp;C. Borcea,&nbsp;Y. Fujita,&nbsp;M. Gerbaux,&nbsp;T. Goigoux,&nbsp;S. Grévy,&nbsp;G. F. Grinyer,&nbsp;O. Kamalou,&nbsp;T. Kurtukian Nieto,&nbsp;A. T. Laffoley,&nbsp;C. Magron,&nbsp;D. Nishimura,&nbsp;S. E. A. Orrigo,&nbsp;T. Roger,&nbsp;B. Rubio,&nbsp;J.-C. Thomas,&nbsp;M. Vandebrouck","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01952-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01952-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the interest of exploring resonant contributions to the radiative capture reaction <span>(^{45})</span>V(p,<span>(gamma )</span>)<span>(^{46})</span>Cr, which is identified to impact the <span>(^{44})</span>Ti nucleosynthesis in Core Collapse Supernovae at astrophysical energies, we performed a spectroscopic study of <span>(^{46})</span>Cr through the <span>(beta )</span>-decay of the progenitor <span>(^{46})</span>Mn. We present new results on the decay scheme of the proton-rich exotic nucleus <span>(^{46})</span>Mn based on a new approach at the level of the experimental data analysis. <span>(^{46})</span>Mn was produced among other nuclei at the LISE3 fragment separator operated in GANIL using the fragmentation technique. The novel approach is compared with a traditional data analysis, and validated using the known decay scheme of <span>(^{45})</span>Cr. The observed level scheme of the nucleus <span>(^{46})</span>Cr is compared with previous works. This work confirms former experimental results, while presenting better statistics and revealing new transitions in the decay scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01952-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a nanosecond isomer of (^{164})Tb","authors":"J. P. Bormans,&nbsp;J. E. L. Larsson,&nbsp;H. M. Albers,&nbsp;M. Górska,&nbsp;M. Polettini,&nbsp;D. Brugnara,&nbsp;N. Pietralla,&nbsp;Zs. Podolyák,&nbsp;P. H. Regan,&nbsp;B. Bles,&nbsp;C. Chatel,&nbsp;B. Das,&nbsp;T. Davinson,&nbsp;T. Dickel,&nbsp;E. Haettner,&nbsp;P. Herrmann,&nbsp;N. J. Hubbard,&nbsp;C. E. Jones,&nbsp;H. Schaffner,&nbsp;G. Aggez,&nbsp;U. Ahmed,&nbsp;M. Al-Aqeel,&nbsp;B. Alayed,&nbsp;A. Algora,&nbsp;S. Alhomaidhi,&nbsp;N. Alwadie,&nbsp;B. Amorim,&nbsp;M. Armstrong,&nbsp;M. Bajzek,&nbsp;J. Bardak,&nbsp;G. Bartram,&nbsp;G. Benzoni,&nbsp;D. Bittner,&nbsp;Z. Chen,&nbsp;D. Das,&nbsp;F. Drent,&nbsp;L. M. Fraile,&nbsp;E. M. Gandolfo,&nbsp;G. García De Lorenzo,&nbsp;J. Gellanki,&nbsp;J. Gerl,&nbsp;T. Grahn,&nbsp;C. Hornung,&nbsp;H. Huang,&nbsp;K. E. Ide,&nbsp;A. Jedele,&nbsp;D. Judson,&nbsp;A. Jungclaus,&nbsp;I. Kojouharov,&nbsp;P. Khandelwal,&nbsp;A. Košir,&nbsp;G. Košir,&nbsp;D. Kostyleva,&nbsp;G. Kumar,&nbsp;M. Kundu,&nbsp;M. Labiche,&nbsp;G. Li,&nbsp;Z. Liu,&nbsp;R. Lozeva,&nbsp;H. Mayr,&nbsp;M. Mikołajczuk,&nbsp;I. Mitsiou,&nbsp;A. I. Morales,&nbsp;F. Naqvi,&nbsp;B. S. Nara Singh,&nbsp;C. M. Nickel,&nbsp;S. E. A. Orrigo,&nbsp;R. D. Page,&nbsp;P. Papadakis,&nbsp;S. Pascu,&nbsp;C. M. Petrache,&nbsp;A. Pfeil,&nbsp;V. Piau,&nbsp;S. Pietri,&nbsp;W. Poklepa,&nbsp;R. Prajapat,&nbsp;D. Prajapati,&nbsp;M. Reece,&nbsp;E. Rocco,&nbsp;M. Satrazani,&nbsp;C. Scheidenberger,&nbsp;S. K. Singh,&nbsp;Y. K. Tanaka,&nbsp;E. Uusikylä,&nbsp;M. Vencelj,&nbsp;J. Vesic,&nbsp;K. Wang,&nbsp;V. Werner,&nbsp;K. Wimmer,&nbsp;K. Zagar,&nbsp;F. Zeng,&nbsp;W. Zhang,&nbsp;J. Zhao,&nbsp;P. Zheng,&nbsp;R. Zidarova","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01950-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01950-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This letter reports on the identification of a new isomeric state of <span>(^{164})</span>Tb (<span>(Z=65)</span>, <span>(N=99)</span>), which was measured with the DESPEC setup at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH following the first relativistic fragmentation of an <span>(^{170})</span>Er primary beam. From the time distribution and coincidences of the emitted <span>(gamma )</span> rays, the isomer is tentatively assigned to a state with spin-parity <span>((7^{-}))</span> at an excitation energy of <span>(283.3(2)~textrm{keV})</span> with a half-life of <span>(159(11)~textrm{ns})</span>. The isomer is interpreted as the <span>(pi 7/2^{-}[523]otimes nu 7/2^{+}[633])</span> configuration from the Nilsson orbital systematics. These results represent the first report of <span>(gamma )</span>-ray spectroscopy of <span>(^{164})</span>Tb, providing insight into the ground-state and low-lying level structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01950-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SPES radioactive ion beam facility, the project and the physics opportunities","authors":"Giacomo de Angelis","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01946-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01946-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The SPES facility at the Legnaro National Laboratories is one of the most promising ISOL facilities currently under construction in Europe. Dedicated to basic nuclear science and nuclear-physics-based applications, it will deliver high-intensity, high-quality beams of unstable, mainly neutron-rich, isotopes at energies around the Coulomb barrier, enabling a wide range of projectile–target combinations. The technical solutions developed for SPES define it as an intermediate step towards a potential future European ISOL facility (EURISOL). SPES is based on a high-intensity production cyclotron, BEST-70p, which serves as the primary accelerator. The high-intensity proton beam is used to induce fission in a uranium carbide (UCx) direct target capable of sustaining a maximum power of 8 kW. The project aims to achieve a fission rate in the target of the order of 10<span>(^{13})</span> fissions per second. Exotic nuclei, after thermal extraction from the target, ionization, and isotopic separation, are re-accelerated by the ALPI superconducting linear accelerator. Secondary beams with energies of about 10 MeV/A, for mass numbers up to A=200, will be provided, with expected intensities of the order of 10<span>(^{7})</span>–10<span>(^9)</span> particles per second for the most prolific species. This article presents a brief outline of the facility, describing the technical solutions adopted, followed by a concise description of the superconducting linac and an overview of the foreseen scientific program. In November 2024, the first SPES secondary beam of <span>(^{28})</span>Al was successfully extracted from the ISOL source. The radioactive ions were laser-ionized, selected, and their decay characterized by <span>(beta )</span>-decay.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event-by-event identified particle net-charge fluctuations using the D measure in Au+Au collisions at FAIR energies","authors":"Abhishek Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Mehulkumar Shiroya,&nbsp;Nazeer Ahmad","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01945-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01945-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Event-by-event fluctuations of conserved quantities provide sensitive information on the microscopic dynamics of strongly interacting matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this work, we investigate the fluctuation measure <i>D</i> for net-charge, net-pion, net-kaon, and net-proton multiplicities in central Au+Au collisions at FAIR energies within the hadron–string dynamics (HSD) and parton–hadron–string dynamics (PHSD) transport approaches. The study covers beam energies <span>(E_{textrm{lab}} = 4A)</span>–12<i>A</i> GeV in the SIS100 range, together with 15A and 25A GeV. The dependence of the fluctuation strength on the pseudorapidity window <span>(Delta eta )</span> is analyzed for each particle species. For all observables, the <i>D</i> measure decreases with increasing <span>(Delta eta )</span>, indicating a strong acceptance dependence. Over the FAIR energy range considered here, the beam-energy dependence remains comparatively weak, whereas the particle-species dependence is pronounced. Among the observables studied, net-kaon fluctuations exhibit a pronounced HSD–PHSD separation, indicating an enhanced sensitivity to strangeness-related dynamics; however, the magnitude of the separation is energy- and acceptance-dependent. The present results provide a transport-model baseline for future measurements of identified-particle fluctuations at FAIR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to proton-boron-11 fusion","authors":"Hong-Yi Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Qi Li,&nbsp;Qian Wu,&nbsp;Zhu-Fang Cui","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01948-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01948-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proton-boron-11 (p-<span>(^{11})</span>B) fusion is a highly attractive aneutronic pathway for clean energy production, offering abundant fuel, negligible neutron activation, and the potential for direct energy conversion of charged <span>(alpha )</span> particles. However, its practical implementation is severely hindered by the extremely high Coulomb barrier, necessitating ignition temperatures far beyond those of conventional deuterium-tritium reactions. In this work, we propose a novel approach to enhance the low-energy fusion cross-section by introducing a negative muon (<span>(mu )</span>). Instead of relying on the thermal equilibrium formation of a muonic molecule, we investigate a kinetic scenario in which a muonic hydrogen atom (p<span>(mu )</span>) is formed first and subsequently bombarded with a <span>(^{11})</span>B nucleus. We quantitatively characterize the dynamic screening of the proton’s Coulomb field by the tightly bound <span>(mu )</span> cloud, the resulting modified Coulomb potential substantially lowers the effective barrier at intermediate separations. We also evaluate the penetrability, reaction cross-section, and reactivity of the p<span>(mu )</span>-<span>(^{11})</span>B system, the results indicate that the inclusion of <span>(mu )</span> enhances the tunneling probability by several orders of magnitude at incident energies below 100 keV, thereby significantly reducing the threshold for the nuclear reaction. This mechanism offers a promising alternative perspective for catalyzing p-<span>(^{11})</span>B fusion, and also suggests a potential ignition pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New optical model systematics for heavy-ion collisions based on the São Paulo (version 2) and Brazilian nuclear potentials","authors":"G. Ribeiro,&nbsp;V. A. B. Zagatto,&nbsp;F. R. Vasconcelos,&nbsp;R. Linares,&nbsp;L. M. Martinis,&nbsp;L. R. Gasques,&nbsp;J. Lubian","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01943-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01943-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The São Paulo potential version 2 and the Brazilian nuclear potential are bare nuclear interactions obtained via a systematic procedure that derives nuclear matter densities from Dirac–Hartree–Bogoliubov calculations. In the present work, we introduce two distinct systematics based on these potentials to describe the elastic scattering of heavy nuclei, derived from the analysis of more than 300 elastic angular distributions reported in the literature. Our results demonstrate that adopting the optical potentials on the forms <span>(V_{opt}^{SPP2}(R) = left[ 1 + i cdot 0.80(4) right] times V_{SPP2}(R))</span> and/or <span>(V_{opt}^{BNP}(R) = left[ 1 + i cdot 0.77(4) right] times V_{BNP}(R))</span> successfully describes the experimental data for several systems for which the elastic channel in not strongly coupled to non elastic channels. It is shown that these systematics do not depend on the nuclear mass of the systems. However, a correction that depends on the projectile’s bombarding energy is required to better describe the low-energy scattering data. A brief study is also conducted comparing the three systematics for nuclei with excess neutrons relative to their most abundant form, as well as for weakly bound nuclei. The systematics obtained with the SPP2 potential appear to be slightly better than those obtained with the Brazilian nuclear potential and the former version of the São Paulo potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01943-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The electromagnetic decay of (^{250m})No and the stability of neutron deficient Rf isotopes","authors":"A. Lopez-Martens,&nbsp;K. Hauschild,&nbsp;R. Chakma,&nbsp;M. L. Chelnokov,&nbsp;V. I. Chepigin,&nbsp;O. Dorvaux,&nbsp;B. J. P. Gall,&nbsp;A. V. Isaev,&nbsp;I. N. Izosimov,&nbsp;D. E. Katrasev,&nbsp;K. Kessaci,&nbsp;A. A. Kuznetsova,&nbsp;O. N. Malyshev,&nbsp;A. G. Popeko,&nbsp;Yu. A. Popov,&nbsp;E. A. Sokol,&nbsp;A. I. Svirikhin,&nbsp;M. S. Tezekbayeva,&nbsp;A. V. Yeremin","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01930-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01930-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electromagnetic decay of the <span>(approx )</span>40 <span>(mu )</span>s isomer of <span>(^{250})</span>No has been investigated using the <span>Geant4</span> toolkit for the simulations of the interaction of particles through matter. It is concluded that the decay does not follow the pattern established in the lighter isotones, where the isomer decays directly to members of the ground state rotational band. An alternative scenario is proposed. The implications on the location of the isotopic border for neutron deficient Rf isotopes are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forward–backward multiplicity correlations dependence on centrality and (p_{T}) acceptance windows in Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions at RHIC and LHC energies","authors":"Sweta Singh,&nbsp;Nida Malik,&nbsp;Anuj Chandra,&nbsp;Ashwini Kumar,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmad,&nbsp;B. K. Singh","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01949-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01949-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dependence of forward–backward multiplicity correlations on the centrality bin width and methods of centrality selection is looked into by analysing the HYDJET++ model simulated data corresponding to Au–Au collisions at RHIC and Pb–Pb collisions at LHC energies, and the findings are compared with those reported earlier. It is observed that forward–backward multiplicity correlation strength from the soft thermal component, which arise essentially due to short-range correlations caused by the resonance decays and long-range correlations arising due to hydrodynamical particle flow, is observed to increase gradually with beam energy for all centrality classes, whereas due to the jet part, the correlation strength remains minimal at <span>(sqrt{s_{NN}} sim )</span> 19 GeV for 10% central collisions which increases quickly with increasing beam energy. Such an increasing strength of the correlation with beam energy is due to growing contributions from the hard jets, particularly in the central collisions. However, for predicting the correct dependence of correlation strength on the collision centrality, contributions from both soft and hard components should be taken into account simultaneously. Furthermore, the study of <span>(p_T)</span> dependence of forward–backward multiplicity correlations reveals that the contribution to the correlation strength from the particles with low <span>(p_T)</span> (<span>(le )</span> 2.0 GeV/c), resulting from the soft–hydro part of the model is essentially energy independent from <span>(sim )</span> <span>(sqrt{s_{NN}})</span> = 19.6 GeV to 5.02 TeV. The strong correlations observed at LHC energies are due to the large multiplicities resulting from the hard–jet part of the model, where the particles with transverse momenta up to <span>(sim )</span> 4.0 GeV/c are produced in correlation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal energy of the medium formed in pp collisions","authors":"J. Alonso Tlali,&nbsp;D. Rosales Herrera,&nbsp;J. R. Alvarado García,&nbsp;A. Fernández Téllez,&nbsp;C. Pajares,&nbsp;J. E. Ramírez","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01947-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01947-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we perform a thermostatistical analysis of the charged particles produced in minimum bias pp collisions across different energies available at the LHC-CERN reported by the ALICE Collaboration. To this end, we adopted the normalized <span>(p_text {T})</span> spectrum as the probability density function governing the <span>(p_text {T})</span> microstates of the produced hadrons, from which we can compute the entropy following the Shannon definition or the average <span>(p_text {T})</span> as the Bjorken-type energy estimator. Additionally, we estimate the temperature from the slope of the <span>(p_text {T})</span> spectrum at low <span>(p_text {T})</span> values. We use the Hagedorn and Tricomi functions to describe the <span>(p_text {T})</span> spectrum within a nonextensive approach and determine consistent thermodynamic frameworks by solving the fundamental relation <span>(dE/dT=C)</span>, where <span>(C=TdS/dT)</span> is the heat capacity. We found that the internal energy behaves nonlinearly at LHC energies, indicating that the count of degrees of freedom is more complex than simply adding the number of flavors present in the hadron production. The main implication of our results is that the systems produced in pp collisions depart from the ideal gas picture and explain why the production of high <span>(p_text {T})</span> hadrons has always been observed, even in earlier experiments, which may also encompass other experiments colliding e<span>(^-)</span>p or e<span>(^+)</span>e<span>(^-)</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01947-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rating quality methodology for the theoretical description of experimental data in heavy-ion collisions","authors":"S. O. Omelchenko,&nbsp;V. M. Pugatch","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01951-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01951-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce a multi-parameter rating methodology for objective comparison of theoretical models with experimental data in heavy-ion collisions, addressing fundamental limitations of the traditional global <span>(chi ^2)</span>/ndf criterion. Phase space is divided into seven physically motivated kinematic zones, each reflecting a distinct production mechanism from thermal freeze-out to asymptotic perturbative QCD. Each zone receives a quality score <span>(Q_i in [10, 1000])</span> via logarithmic transformation of local <span>(rho _i = chi ^2_i/nu _i)</span> statistics. A composite rating <i>R</i> aggregates weighted average, geometric mean, and minimum scores with a bounded dispersion penalty, preventing artificial compensation between zones. The seven-zone boundaries are validated through significance tests on CMS Pb–Pb data at <span>(sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02)</span> TeV: four of the five statistically testable boundaries are confirmed (<span>(p &lt; 0.05)</span>). Sensitivity analysis confirms ranking stability: <span>(pm 20%)</span> coefficient variations produce <span>(Delta R &lt; 2%)</span> with zero rank changes. As a proof-of-concept, the methodology is applied to digitized predictions against ALICE p–Pb data at <span>(sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02)</span> TeV for <span>(K^0_S)</span> mesons and <span>(Lambda )</span> hyperons, and to a synthetic CMS-acceptance benchmark for the <span>(Lambda /K^0_S)</span> ratio. The results reveal a clear model hierarchy: PHSD, incorporating microscopic QGP transport with coalescence, achieves near-universal performance (<span>(R = 911)</span> for <span>(K^0_S)</span>, <span>(R = 893)</span> for <span>(Lambda )</span>), while PYTHIA8 (<span>(R = 878)</span>) leads in the hard-fragmentation regime. The baryon anomaly peak is the critical discriminator: coalescence models score <span>(Q_i sim 950)</span>–1000 in zones 3–4 versus <span>(Q_i sim 400)</span>–600 for pure fragmentation generators. The methodology is transparent, reproducible, algorithmic, and ready for integration into analysis frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"62 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}