物理最新文献

{"title":"Focus point on the magic of glass","authors":"Giancarlo C. Righini, Luisa Cifarelli, Francesco Noferini","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06014-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06014-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design for enhanced gamma radiation detection prototype: a comprehensive approach","authors":"Pio Ciro Aspetti,&nbsp;Luca Martellucci,&nbsp;Riccardo Quaranta,&nbsp;Guglielmo Manenti,&nbsp;Andrea Malizia","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06158-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06158-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detecting ionizing radiation, whether from natural source or due to accidental or intentional nuclear explosions, is a critical and complex challenge for modern technology. Geiger-Muller tube is one of the most used technologies for the detection of gamma radiation. Although it was developed in the early of twentieth century, its simplicity, robustness, affordability, and reliability have ensured its continued widespread use. Moreover, simple electronics make it easy to integrate with modern hardware and software technologies. In this work, we will explore the theoretical principles behind radiation detection and, starting from the analysis and development of several open-source prototypes, we will lead to the design and implementation of both hardware and software. Additionally, we will expose the testing of a radiological detector prototype optimized for gamma radiation detection. Feasible applications of the device will be examined, along with potential innovations such as minimization and integration into multi sensor platforms or wearable systems. In the paper, a comparison of several devices has been studied along with the development of a new detector based on Geiger-Muller tubes, by using low-cost, commercially available technologies. A comparison between four open-source devices and the created prototype are presented and discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06158-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitomagnetic monopoles in gravitoelectromagnetism","authors":"Armando Garza,&nbsp;Carlos Luna,&nbsp;Jairzinho Ramos","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06207-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06207-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review Maxwell’s equations, incorporating magnetic monopoles, and derive the electric and magnetic fields applying the Helmholtz decomposition. By extending this decomposition to symmetric traceless tensors, we obtain the gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields through the Maxwell-like equations of gravitoelectromagnetism with gravitomagnetic monopoles naturally present in them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical conductivity and transport mechanisms in Bi-, Cu-, and W-doped BFN ceramic: a theoretical approach","authors":"Manel Amara,&nbsp;Fahad N. Almutairi,&nbsp;Nadi Mlihan Alresheedi,&nbsp;J. Dhahri","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perovskite complex 0.985(BaFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃)-0.015(BiCu_0.75W_0.25O₃) (0.985BFN-0.015BCW) was successfully prepared using the solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the prepared sample crystallizes in cubic symmetry. Our paper provides an insight into the electrical transport behavior of our compound. Indeed, different conduction models are applied to interpret the electrical conductivity response. It was observed that the transport properties are influenced by hopping mechanisms across different temperature ranges, which explains both the changes in DC conductivity and the movement of charge carriers with temperature variations. This confirms that the charge carriers undergo thermal activation. The variation of the exponent s as a function of temperature indicates the presence of Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (QMT), Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH), Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling (NSPT), and Overlapping Large Polaron Tunneling (OLPT) in the transport properties. At the temperature range [160–540 K], the AC conductivity is found to obey “double Jonscher power law.” Besides, the frequency dependence of the conductivity obeys “single Jonscher power law” at higher temperatures. Additionally, the conductivity spectrum shows a high-frequency plateau, which suggests percolation behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: NiO nanosheet-assembled chemiresistive sensor for NO2 detection","authors":"Ravishankar R. Ambi,&nbsp;Rahul A. Mali,&nbsp;Aniket B. Pawar,&nbsp;Moshim G. Mulla,&nbsp;Raj K. Pittala","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08466-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08466-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irradiation effects on RB-SiC ceramic with heterogeneous grain boundary segregation interfaces induced by oxygen (O2) plasma surface modification","authors":"Jiabin Xu,&nbsp;Chengshuai Sun,&nbsp;Xiangyu Zhang,&nbsp;Yunfei Sun,&nbsp;Weixia Mei,&nbsp;Daigen Chen,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Long Zhang,&nbsp;Feihu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08428-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08428-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For RB-SiC space optical hard-brittle ceramic materials, it’s easy to introduce subsurface damage defects during precision grinding. Subsurface damage (SSD) defects affect the imaging quality, stability, service life and other key technical parameters of space optical hard-brittle ceramic materials. In order to adapt optical components to deep space exploration environment and extreme environment conditions, it’s necessary to further highlight the efficient, low damage and high quality to reduce the subsurface defects of optical components, so as to improve the optical performance of optical components. With oxygen (O₂) plasma torches surface modification at room temperature environment (25 ± 5℃) via plasma irradiation, the optical parameters after precision grinding process was improved and SSD was reduced. Via the oxygen plasma surface modification process, the SSD depth will be reduced with [12.6, 28.5] μm. Compared with the process of plasma surface modification and without plasma surface modification, the results show that the subsurface damage (SSD) depth of the grinding zone without plasma surface modification was larger via the value reaches as [21.2, 29.8] μm. In addition, the melting point of Si phase (1410℃) and SiC phase (2700℃) via the oxygen (O₂) plasma surface modification process with the SiO₂ (hardness = 7) layer with hardness less than SiC (Mohs hardness = 9.2 ~ 9.5) layer was generated. Established a hierarchical precision grinding RB-SiC ceramic the shape precision and surface quality comparison model and analysis fabrication of highly shape accuracy mechanism of subsurface damage (SSD) parameters. As the Normal Temperature Oxygen Plasma Surface Modification Precision Grinding (NT-OPSMPG) process via the oxygen plasma torch (100 °C), the crack, fold, tiny particle defects at the Si phase and SiC phase boundary of the two phases are obviously reduced (↓).</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Subsurface Damage (SSD) forming mechanism: (a) Effect of indentation interaction on middle diameter / radial crack propagation; (b) Mechanism of subsurface damage (SSD)</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chern–simons states of photons and gravitons","authors":"Z. Haba","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06193-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06193-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider an alternative quantization of the electromagnetic field around the Chern–Simons state <span>(psi _{text {CS}})</span> which is a zero energy solution of quantum electrodynamics. The solution determines a stochastic process which is a random perturbation of the self-duality equation for the electromagnetic potential <span>(textbf{A})</span>. The stochastic process defines a solution of the Schrödinger equation with the initial condition <span>(psi _{text {CS}}chi)</span> where <span>(chi (textbf{A}))</span> is an analytic function of <span>(textbf{A})</span> decaying fast at large <span>(textbf{A})</span>. The method can be applied to a quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories by means of a stochastic self-duality equation. A quantization of massless spin 2 tensor fields (based on self-duality) and its extension to a quantization of gravity are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the ATLAS ITk pixel detector material via multiple scattering of positrons at the CERN PS","authors":"Simon Florian Koch,&nbsp;Brian Moser,&nbsp;Antonín Lindner,&nbsp;Valerio Dao,&nbsp;Ignacio Asensi,&nbsp;Daniela Bortoletto,&nbsp;Marianne Brekkum,&nbsp;Florian Dachs,&nbsp;Hans Ludwig Joos,&nbsp;Milou van Rijnbach,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma,&nbsp;Ismet Siral,&nbsp;Carlos Solans,&nbsp;Yingjie Wei","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14092-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14092-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ITk is a new silicon tracker for the ATLAS experiment designed to increase detector resolution, readout capacity, and radiation hardness, in preparation for the larger number of simultaneous proton–proton interactions at the High Luminosity LHC. This paper presents the first direct measurement of the material budget of an ATLAS ITk pixel module, performed at a testbeam at the CERN Proton Synchrotron via the multiple scattering of low energy positrons within the module volume. Using a four plane telescope of thin monolithic pixel detectors from the MALTA Collaboration, scattering datasets were recorded at a beam energy of <span>(1.2,text {GeV})</span>. Kink angle distributions were extracted from tracks derived with and without information from the ITk pixel module, and were fit to extract the RMS scattering angle, which was converted to a fractional radiation length <span>(x/X_0)</span>. The average <span>(x/X_0)</span> across the module was measured as <span>([0.89 pm 0.01 text { (resolution)} pm 0.01 text { (subtraction)} ,,pm ,, 0.08 text {~(beam momentum band)}]%)</span>, which agrees within uncertainties with an estimate of <span>(0.88%)</span> derived from material component expectations.\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14092-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological constraints on general relativistic galaxy modelling","authors":"Marco Galoppo","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14098-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14098-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the impact on the average rotational dynamics and gravitational lensing of topological structures within fully general relativistic galaxy models. These topological structures do not possess a Newtonian analogue and, therefore, represent a purely general relativistic feature which could a priori impact galactic observables. We characterise these structures both for rigidly rotating and differentially rotating solutions. By employing GAIA DR3 data, we find that such topological defects can impact the transition between the rising and flat regimes of the galaxy. Furthermore, we show that topological defects produce a noticeable increase in the deflection angle produced by Milky Way-like galaxies. Finally, we find that topological singularities can be avoided within the class of differentially rotating solutions.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14098-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notable peak voltage and sensitivity as well as optical-communication of the inclined Bi2Sr2CuOy thin film with different wavelength lasers","authors":"Xianwu Tang,&nbsp;Yanchao Zhang,&nbsp;Ming Liu,&nbsp;Yuxuan Jiang,&nbsp;Xueyao Lu,&nbsp;Gangyi Zhu,&nbsp;Yongjin Wang,&nbsp;Xuebin Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08484-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08484-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the laser-induced thermoelectric voltage (LITV) of the solution-deposited inclined Bi₂Sr₂CuO_y (BSCO) thin films with different wavelength semiconductor lasers was investigated. Microstructure results indicate the BSCO thin film inclined growth along the substrate with the same angle. Obvious LITV keeps a linear increase with the increased power density for each wavelength laser. The peak voltage is over 40 mV at the power density of 40 mW/cm². It is slightly different with the laser wavelength, caused by the difference in optical absorption and light penetration depth. The sensitivity is higher than 0.8 and increases to 1.15 V·cm²/W with the laser changes from green to ultraviolet. Furthermore, based on the LITV effect of the BSCO thin film, the carry information can be transmitted and decoded correctly via the optical communications system composed of the light diode laser. All these results demonstrate the potential application and favorable properties of the inclined BSCO thin films in broad-spectrum response of photodetection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}