The European Physical Journal E最新文献

{"title":"Role of wing surface morphology of the Indian carpenter bee in self-cleaning and dew formation","authors":"Ramchandra Narhe","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00586-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00586-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We studied the surface morphology (micro- plus nanostructure) of Indian carpenter bee wings. In comparison with the Stenocara beetle’s surface morphology or the lotus leaf surface morphology, the Indian carpenter bee wing shows a different type of surface morphology. It is observed that the two-tire surface morphology of the wings plays a key role in controlling wettability. The equilibrium contact angle (θ) and contact angle hysteresis (<i>Δ</i>θ) measurement revealed that the carpenter bees’ wings behave as superhydrophobic and self-cleaning for large water drops. Small drops formed by condensation nucleate in microchannels and ridges, grow through condensation and coalescence, and eventually become larger Wenzel or Wenzel–Cassie–Baxter type drops that lose their superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning property. Growth dynamics of condensed water drops on the wing surface show two distinguishing growth laws &lt; <i>R</i> &gt;  ~ <i>t</i>^<i>α</i>, α = 0.41 ± 0.03 in the initial state and &lt; <i>R</i> &gt;  ~ <i>t</i>^<i>α</i><i>, </i>α = 0.99 ± 0.03 in the self-similar (coalescence-dominated) state with maximum surface coverage ≃ 0.45.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human lungs fluid mechanics: an overview of current modelling techniques","authors":"Francesco Romanò","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00583-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00583-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluid mechanics governs numerous physiological processes in the respiratory system, influencing airflow dynamics, particle transport and aerosol formation, airway stability, mucus transport, surfactant mechanics, and pulmonary oedema. Over the past decades, engineers, physicists, and biomedical scientists have developed a wide range of models to describe these processes across multiple spatial and temporal scales. This paper provides an integrated overview of current modelling techniques in pulmonary fluid mechanics, emphasizing the multiscale and multiphysics nature of the lung. After discussing the principal challenges in simulating the mechanics of human lungs, we review the hierarchy of modelling approaches, from first-principle continuum formulations to reduced-order and data-driven models. We then explore strategies for coupling these models and conclude with a perspective on future directions, including the need for benchmark cases and clinically robust indicators for model validation.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00583-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal and solutal capillary effects in tear film dynamics","authors":"Tara Chand Kumawat,&nbsp;Ketika Shah","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00574-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00574-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analytical and numerical study is carried out for the stability of a thin tear film considering a single-layered model. The mass, momentum, and energy equations are simplified under the lubrication approximation to obtain nonlinear partial differential spatiotemporal evolution equations for the film height and surfactant concentration. These evolution equations involve various physical mechanisms such as thermo- and solutocapillary stresses, van der Waals forces, surface tension forces, and slip at the corneal surface. Linear stability analysis reveals that solutocapillary stresses enhance the stability of the tear film by driving fluid from thicker to thinner regions. The thermocapillary stresses are found to enhance the instability, where the fluid is driven from a thinner (low surface tension) region to a thicker (high surface tension) region. Convective cooling due to cold wind flow also affects the growth rate of perturbations, with higher convection leading to a higher growth rate. The solutocapillary stresses dominate over the thermocapillary stresses beyond a certain critical value of the solutal Marangoni number. This critical threshold decreases with increasing Péclet number, indicating that the influence of solutocapillary effects becomes more pronounced under stronger advective transport. Numerical computations are carried out and show that the nonlinear stability results are in good agreement with those obtained from linear stability analysis. Furthermore, the computations reveal that the rupture time decreases with increasing thermal Marangoni number and slip coefficient, whereas it increases with the solutal Marangoni number.</p><p>Schematic representation of the tear film with lipid (surfactant) molecules, along with the temporal evolution of film thickness and surfactant distribution</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of ATP content in the formation of protrusions in DMPC GUVs under an AC electric field","authors":"Gabriela Ángeles-Robles,&nbsp;Jaime Ruiz-Garcia,&nbsp;J. Alfredo Méndez,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Ortiz-Dosal","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00581-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00581-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component. Many cellular processes that require changes in the cell structure depend on it. One of these processes is cell migration, which occurs through the formation of structures called protrusions that interact with other cytoskeletal components, enabling the cell to move slowly. These structures are formed by the polymerization of actin monomers, a process that requires the presence of ATP, as well as the exchange of divalent cations. In this work, we present a study on the formation of actin protrusions within DMPC giant unilamellar vesicles by varying the concentration of ATP, both in the absence and presence of MgCl₂. It was found that when the concentration of ATP in the overall protein buffer increases, these structures form and extend inside the vesicle without breaking it, even in the absence of MgCl₂. These protrusions are randomly oriented; however, when an alternating current electric field is applied, the protrusions align in the direction of the field in response to the polar nature of both lipids and actin filaments.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic mapping of temperature-dependent ssDNA elasticity with oxDNA2 coarse-grained model","authors":"Isaiah Eze Igwe,&nbsp;Saratu Abdulfatah","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00578-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00578-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical behavior of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) controls its biological function and underpins the design of DNA-based nanodevices, yet the microscopic origin of temperature-dependent elasticity remains incompletely quantified. Here, we use the salt-aware, sequence-dependent oxDNA2 coarse-grained model to map how intra-strand stacking and temperature jointly determine ssDNA mechanics for two prototypical homopolymers, poly(dA)₅₀ and poly(dT)₅₀, across 27–100 °C at 1.0 M monovalent salt. Large ensembles of independent simulations were used to extract equilibrium observables such as persistence length <span>({l}_{p})</span>, radius of gyration <span>({R}_{g})</span>, end-to-end distance <span>({R}_{text{ee}})</span>, and equilibrium force–extension relations. We find that poly(dA) is substantially stiffer than poly(dT) at low temperature: <span>({l}_{p})</span>​ = 44.8 ± 2.0 nm at 27 °C decreases to 10.0 ± 0.7 nm at 100 °C, while poly(dT) remains comparatively flexible, varying only from 1.40 ± 0.08 nm to 1.05 ± 0.04 nm. These macroscopic changes closely track the loss of intra-strand stacking. For poly(dA), the stacking fraction decreases from 0.70 ± 0.02 to 0.20 ± 0.01, whereas poly(dT) remains weakly stacked across the full range (&lt; 0.10). Force–extension analysis shows that the wormlike chain (WLC) model captures low-force entropic elasticity but fails at intermediate extensions in strongly stacked poly(dA), where cooperative unstacking produces excess forces of ~ 8 to 10 pN near <span>(xapprox 0.6L)</span>. The normalized root-mean-square residual at 27 °C is 0.22 for poly(dA), compared to 0.03 for poly(dT). When <span>({l}_{p})</span> is normalized by its 27 °C value, both sequences collapse onto a single master curve as a function of stacking fraction (collapse slope ≈ 3.5 ± 0.3), indicating that fractional stacking loss serves as a unifying control parameter for thermal softening. These results quantitatively link microscopic stacking statistics to macroscopic elasticity, clarify the temperature-dependent limits of continuum polymer models, and provide a mechanistic framework for interpreting single-molecule stretching and ensemble measurements of ssDNA mechanics.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic theory of dilute weakly charged granular gases with hard-core and inverse power-law interactions under uniform shear flow","authors":"Yuria Kobayashi,&nbsp;Makoto R. Kikuchi,&nbsp;Shunsuke Iizuka,&nbsp;Satoshi Takada","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00569-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00569-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop a kinetic-theory framework to investigate the steady rheology of a dilute gas interacting via a repulsive potential under uniform shear flow. Starting from the Boltzmann equation with a restitution coefficient that depends on the impact velocity and potential strength, we derive evolution equations for the stress tensor based on Grad’s moment expansion. The resulting expressions for the collisional rates and transport coefficients are fitted with simple analytical functions that capture their temperature dependence over a wide range of shear rates. Comparison with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) results shows excellent quantitative agreement for the shear stress, temperature anisotropy, and shear viscosity. We also analyze the velocity distribution functions, revealing that the system remains nearly Maxwellian even under strong shear.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-local rheology in granular media: a perspective on the 2015 EPJE Paper by Bouzid et al.","authors":"Olivier Pouliquen","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00579-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00579-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study ”Non-local rheology in dense granular flows: Revisiting the concept of fluidity,” published in 2015 in The European Physical Journal E (vol. 38) by Mehdi Bouzid and collaborators, stands as an important contribution to the rheology of granular materials. In their work, the authors critically discuss the differences between proposed non-local models and provide clear pathways to discriminate between them. This perspective paper revisits the state of the art at the time of the Bouzid et al’s publication, highlighting its role in inspiring subsequent research. We then explore recent advancements since 2015, which, while significant, have not yet fully resolve the questions originally raised by Bouzid et al.</p><p>Nonlocality in granular flows: Shear at a given location can induce deformation and flow at distant regions through the propagation of fluctuations and/or correlated particle interactions</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glassy dynamics and nanoconfinement: what we learned, what comes next","authors":"Simone Napolitano","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00580-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00580-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past three decades, spatial confinement has reshaped our understanding of polymers as glass-forming materials. Rather than merely perturbing bulk behavior, geometric and interfacial constraints introduce new length and time scales that actively transform materials response, underpinning a range of otherwise distinct phenomena, from microscopic dynamics and macroscopic relaxation to vitrification and mechanical properties. By reducing at least one system dimension to the nanoscale, combined experimental, theoretical, and simulation efforts have revealed how confinement selects which dynamic modes remain active, uncovering relaxation pathways that might be silent in the bulk. These convergent insights have matured into a robust conceptual framework, which continues to evolve as new questions emerge. This perspective focuses on three themes that I consider central to this evolution: the decoupling of thermal and dynamical signatures of the glass transition under confinement, the emergence of finite low-frequency rigidity in confined liquids and soft solids, and the stabilization of long-lived nonequilibrium states mediated by interfaces and reduced dimensionality. The discussion of these topics points toward a necessary evolution: further progress will require theories that move beyond equilibrium descriptions to explicitly incorporate nonequilibrium pathways and emergent microscopic routes to macroscopic relaxation, ultimately bridging the gap toward a more complete, predictive description of glassy polymer dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inference of the 3D pressure field exerted by a single cell from a thin membrane transverse deformation","authors":"Quentin Bédel,&nbsp;Loïc Dupré,&nbsp;Nicolas Destainville","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00576-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00576-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous cell types relate to their immediate environment by exerting a three-dimensional pressure field on their environment, with components both longitudinal and transverse to the cell membrane. This pressure field can in principle be measured by traction force microscopy experiments. Compared to other approaches, the technique of protrusion force microscopy gives access with high spatial resolution to the pressure field by measuring the deformation of a thin elastic membrane using atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, while the pressure field under interest is three-dimensional, the height profile measured by AFM is only one-dimensional. We propose a solution to this inverse problem and we explore its regime of applicability in the experimental context.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of cylindrical shells via sphere packing from fluidized beds","authors":"Vinícius P. S. Oliveira,&nbsp;Danilo S. Borges,&nbsp;Erick M. Franklin,&nbsp;Jorge Peixinho","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00573-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00573-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of a numerical investigation of fluidized beds of spherical particles in a narrow vertical cylindrical pipe, with particular attention to the spontaneous settling along the wall, are reported. Starting from a steady fluidized state, the particles fluctuate because of fluid-particle, particle-particle, and particle-wall interactions. The particles are heavier than the fluid, with diameters <i>d</i> yielding ratios of pipe to particle diameters <span>(D/d=4.3)</span> and 4.7. For given ranges of flow velocities and bed sizes, particles settle on the wall, with a decrease in the bed height and particle fluctuations. Either a glass- or crystal-like shell forms along the pipe wall, in qualitative agreement with previous experiments. The polydispersity and the particle-particle friction are varied to test the stability of the particulate shell formation. The shell structure is analyzed by unwrapping it in a plane and locating all particles and their contact points, and we find that it exhibits a hexagonal lattice with a defects density that increases with polydispersity. The shell formation is hindered by polydispersity, and there exists a critical point for polydispersity above which a crystal-like shell is unstable. In a particular case of bidisperse beds, the crystal-like shell only appears when the particle-particle friction is high enough. Finally, we compute the contact forces within particle-particle chains and in particle-wall contacts, which sustain the cylindrical shell, highlighting the dominant role of particle-particle forces.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00573-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147606590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}