Applied Physics B最新文献

{"title":"Quantum correlations and quantum fisher information for a pair of superconducting qubits interacting with a quantized field under time-varying coupling","authors":"M. Algarni,&nbsp;K. Berrada,&nbsp;S. Abdel-Khalek","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08571-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08571-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose a quantum model involving two superconducting qubits (SQs) interacting with a single-mode microwave cavity, influenced by a Kerr nonlinear medium and Ising interaction, within the framework of time-varying coupling (T-VC). The Hamiltonian of the system is determined, and we compute the density operator for both the full system and its subsystems. Physically, the Kerr medium introduces nonlinearity while the Ising interaction between SQs facilitates tunable SQs coupling. The interplay of these mechanisms allows for fine-tuned quantum control, crucial for maintaining coherence and managing decoherence processes. We examine the time evolution of key quantum properties, including SQ–SQ entanglement, SQs–cat field entanglement, and quantum Fisher information, as functions of system parameters. Finally, we investigate the dynamic relationships among these quantum measures, revealing mechanisms that can maximize entanglement and coherence under various parameter regimes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with a V₂GeC saturable absorber","authors":"Haipeng Li,&nbsp;Qiong Gao,&nbsp;Xinzhi Ma,&nbsp;Xiurong Qu,&nbsp;Linjun Li","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08569-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08569-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, a V₂GeC saturable absorber (SA) is prepared and used to modulate a Tm:YAP laser. In continuous wave (CW) mode, an output power of 2.48 W at 1940.5 nm was achieved with a 15.39 W pump power, corresponding to an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 16.1%. Under passively Q-switched (PQS) mode, an average output power of 663 mW at 1937.4 nm was acquired with an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 4.3%, and a pulse width of 416.7 ns at 129.00 kHz was acquired in the laser stable operation, corresponding to a per pulse energy of 5.1 µJ. These experimental results demonstrate the effective modulation capabilities of the V₂GeC SA in near-infrared laser systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser induced grating spectroscopy measurements of temperature and water vapour in turbulent lean premixed methane-hydrogen-air flames at pressure","authors":"Lee Weller,&nbsp;Anthony Giles,&nbsp;Oussama Chaib,&nbsp;Steve Morris,&nbsp;Benjamin A. O. Williams,&nbsp;Simone Hochgreb","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08573-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08573-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the application of Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy (LIGS) for non-intrusive measurements of temperature and water vapour concentration in premixed flames of air with blends of hydrogen and methane under high-pressure conditions. Employing a swirl-stabilized burner, the research demonstrates the capabilities of tracer-free LIGS, using thermal and electrostrictive gratings generated by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser, to measure local temperatures and water molar fractions. The study also includes an extension of the thermoacoustic model for characteristics LIGS signals, built in order to extract the relative concentration of water vapour from the ratio of second (thermal) to first (electrostrictive) peak magnitudes. Experiments are conducted in non-sooting flames, leveraging a high-pressure optical chamber (HPOC) with pressures up to 3 bar. The study evaluates mixtures of methane and hydrogen (100%, 70%, and 40% CH<span>(_{4})</span>) and identifies key relationships between LIGS signal characteristics, frequency distributions, and combustion dynamics. Results show excellent agreement between measured temperatures and adiabatic flame temperatures, alongside measurements of water vapour molar fractions. The spatial temperature and water vapour maps are related to the complex mixing and recirculation patterns associated with the flame’s shear and recirculation zones. The results establish LIGS as a robust diagnostic tool for combustion analysis, with potential applications in advancing hydrogen-rich energy systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08573-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOVPE growth and optimization of InxAl1-xAs layers on InP for high-performance quantum cascade lasers","authors":"Smiri Badreddine,&nbsp;Ilkay Demir,&nbsp;Hizi Abir,&nbsp;Carrère Hélène,&nbsp;Merve Nur Kocak,&nbsp;Altuntas Ismail,&nbsp;Mlayah Adnen,&nbsp;Maaref Hassen,&nbsp;Marie Xavier","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08548-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08548-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we explored the impact of indium composition (x) on the structural and optical characteristics of In_xAl_1-xAs layers within the context of quantum cascade laser (QCL) structures grown on InP (100) substrates using the Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy method. The quality of the In_xAl_1-xAs QCL is notably influenced by the growth with low indium composition, evident in terms of crystallinity, interface sharpness, and optical properties. The properties of the InAsP layer at the InP/In_xAl_1-xAs junction are particularly sensitive to the indium composition. A drop below 0.52 in indium composition leads to a substantial lattice mismatch between the In_xAl_1-xAs layer and the InP substrate, typically exceeding [3 8]%. This mismatch induces defects or traps within the bandgap, significantly impacting carrier localization in this system. Our study demonstrates that cultivating In_xAl_1-xAs with a low indium concentration results in a strained (lattice-mismatched) In_xAl_1-xAs layer. This finding is significant as it can be leveraged to balance strain in high indium content InGaAs layers, particularly in the context of applications involving quantum cascade lasers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable dual-wavelength emission from a single Yb:YAG thin-disk laser","authors":"Ayoub Boubekraoui,&nbsp;Thomas Graf,&nbsp;Marwan Abdou Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08568-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08568-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We experimentally demonstrate a continuous-wave (CW) dual-wavelength emission from a single Yb:YAG thin-disk laser (TDL). Using two grating-waveguide structures (GWS) with high diffraction efficiency allowed to tune the separation of the two spectral emission lines. The dual-wavelength output powers exceeded 42 W for wavelength separations ∆λ ranging between 3.8 and 25 nm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08568-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave theory based analysis with radially polarized Bessel-Gauss beam: a method for fiber optic cortisol biomarker detection with high sensitivity and resolution using wavelength interrogation technique","authors":"Bijaya Saha,&nbsp;Nabamita Goswami,&nbsp;Ardhendu Saha","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08566-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08566-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, an analytical methodology based on wave theory is presented in a multilayered SPR fiber optic biosensor which detects cortisol, an important stress biomarker, using a radially polarized Bessel-Gauss (RPBG) beam. The analytical model is first illuminated using a Gaussian (<i>G</i>) beam, and the outcomes are compared with experimental data that has already been published. The findings are correlated favourably with the assessed data presented by Usha et al. Biosens. Bioelectron. 87, 178–186 (2017). Following the confirmation of the suggested theory, the method has been modified to include Gaussian, radially polarized Gaussian (RPG), and RPBG beams as source inputs for the suggested configuration. The design of this idea features a no-core fiber (NCF) integrated between two higher-order mode fibers. The efficacy of the RPBG beam within this waveguide structure is validated using eigenmode expansion (EME) analysis in mode solutions software (Lumerical’s Inc.), ensuring the accurate evaluation of light propagation. Initial investigations with a Gaussian beam demonstrated a sensitivity of 182.8 nm/ng/mL, 4945.23 nm/RIU, and 16,059.4 dB/RIU, which is 2.2 times superior to the conventional Gaussian beam-based sensors. Next, employing an RPG beam, these values increased to 202.7 nm/ng/mL, 8844.31 nm/RIU, and 76,683.33 dB/RIU, respectively. A further extension, incorporating an RPBG beam, improves the sensitivities with 241.85 nm/ng/mL, 16,515.12 nm/RIU, and 195,951 dB/RIU, with an enhanced resolution of 5.1 × 10−⁸, surpassing the Gaussian-based sensor by a factor of 7.36. This implementation of an RPBG beam significantly boosts the sensitivity in fiber optic cortisol biomarker detection. Here, the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.001 ng/mL, and significant spectral shifts are observed when the cortisol biomarker concentration ranges from 0 to 2.5 ng/mL. Thus, the early identification of psychological stress through optical measurement may be facilitated by the attainment of improved sensitivity and resolution at lower concentrations. This sensor enables non-invasive cortisol detection through saliva analysis, offering a practical and scalable biosensing platform with high sensitivity for biomedical diagnostics and occupational health monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature tuning of Laguerre–Gaussian modes in a dye laser pumped through an acute-apex axicon in a liquid","authors":"Olga Burdukova,&nbsp;Vladimir Petukhov,&nbsp;Mikhail Semenov,&nbsp;Yuri Senatsky","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08567-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08567-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methods of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes formation are now the content of a significant number of publications on lasers of various types. Axicons with an obtuse apex (170–178<span>(^{circ })</span>) in combination with spherical lenses have been traditionally used in pumping channels of solid-state lasers to produce annular pump beams for LG modes selection. Switching of modes was carried out usually by moving the lenses or some other elements of the laser. We show that acute-apex axicons in a liquid (which do not work in air because of the total internal reflection inside) can be used also for LG modes selection and allow temperature switching of modes. A cuvette with 78<span>(^{circ })</span> apex axicon immersed in a liquid mixture was installed in the pumping channel of a pulsed Rh6G dye laser (<span>(lambda _text {las} approx )</span> 580 nm, <span>(lambda _text {pump})</span> = 532 nm). Temperature tuning of LG<span>(_{0,l})</span> petal modes with indices up to <i>l</i> = 21 was demonstrated. Switching to the neighboring mode required changing the temperature of the cuvette with the axicon by <span>(approx )</span> 1.2<span>(^{circ }hbox {C})</span> with no shift of any laser elements. The obtained results expand the range of axicons that can be used in laser pumping channels and provide a practically convenient method of LG modes selection in a laser.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing multiparametric optical biosensing with AI: a Python-based FDTD/ML framework for spectral feature extraction and optimization","authors":"Gholamhosain Haidari","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08570-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08570-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optical sensor research faces significant limitations due to reliance on single-parameter measurements and scarce experimental data. This study introduces an advanced physics-based framework employing rigorous finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to analyze electromagnetic wave propagation in optical grating structures. A comprehensive dataset of 5000 simulations with 11 parameters is systematically generated, closely mimicking experimental conditions and addressing critical biosensor data gaps. Moving beyond traditional peak-wavelength analysis, multiple spectral features including FWHM, peak reflectance, and integrated spectral area are extracted using Python-based post-processing algorithms. Advanced data visualization reveals non-trivial sensitivity patterns, particularly highlighting enhanced performance for 100-nm analyte layers at <i>n</i> = 2.500. A machine learning (ML) approach, utilizing a multi-layer perceptron (MLP), establishes a new measurement paradigm, achieving exceptional prediction accuracy (R²=0.9992 for wavelength, 0.9546 for FWHM). This demonstrates that multi-parametric analysis significantly outperforms conventional methods. The methodology is extendable to diverse optical sensor architectures through feature engineering, and the publicly available datasets provide a foundation for future computational photonics and intelligent sensor design. This work innovatively integrates physics-based simulations, data generation/processing, advanced visualization, and ML, enabled by Python’s computational power and physical insights. In contrast to conventional AI applications in photonics that typically rely on experimental data optimization or limited numerical simulations, this study establishes a novel paradigm by integrating large-scale FDTD-generated datasets with machine learning, enabling comprehensive multi-parameter spectral analysis previously unattainable with traditional methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical modeling of nonlinear absorption in Z-scan measurements using super-Gaussian beams","authors":"Ferhat Kessi","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08557-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08557-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and numerical investigation of multiphoton absorption (MPA) in Z-scan experiments using super-Gaussian laser beams. We developed an analytical model for normalized optical transmittance under weak nonlinearity approximation and performed extensive simulations examining the effects of varying MPA absorption order and super-Gaussian beam parameter. Our results reveal that flatter beam profiles consistently produce stronger nonlinear absorption effects across all multiphoton orders due to extended high-intensity regions that enhance interaction volumes. Lower-order MPA processes demonstrate greater overall absorption efficiency, with two-photon absorption showing the most dramatic transmittance reductions, while higher-order processes exhibit progressively weaker absorption despite their enhanced intensity sensitivity. Remarkably, while minimum transmittance varies significantly with beam profile, the Full Width at Half Maximum increases linearly with super-Gaussian parameters, revealing fundamental scaling relationships governing nonlinear interaction spatial extent. These findings establish important design principles for optical limiting systems, precision laser manufacturing, medical applications, and material characterization techniques, providing a comprehensive framework for optimizing nonlinear optical interactions through strategic beam profile selection and offering valuable insights for both fundamental research and practical applications in modern photonics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling temporal dynamics in integrating cavities from nonuniform to uniform light fields","authors":"Zhiyang Sun,&nbsp;Zhiguo Zhang,&nbsp;Bin Yu,&nbsp;Yongda Wang,&nbsp;Lei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08564-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08564-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigate the light propagation characteristics within an integrating cavity, focusing on the transition from a non-uniform light field (NULF) to a uniform light field (ULF). We challenge the conventional assumption in integrating cavity theory that postulates the immediate establishment of a ULF upon light entry. Employing both experimental and simulation approaches, we derive the time constant of the integrating cavity under ULF conditions and measure the cavity’s transient and steady-state responses. Our findings reveal that while a brief NULF phase precedes the ULF, the total radiant flux within the cavity adheres to the ULF propagation law from the onset. This study demonstrates that the NULF can be treated as an approximation of the ULF in terms of total radiant flux variation within an integrating cavity. Our study not only provides empirical validation for integrating cavity theories based on the ULF assumption but also presents compelling evidence of their efficacy in cavities with diverse geometries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}