Applied Physics BPub Date : 2025-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08394-2
Zareen A. Khan, Abdul Majeed, Imdad Ullah, Amir Ali
{"title":"Coherent generation of superluminal and subluminal propagation of structured light in five level atomic medium","authors":"Zareen A. Khan, Abdul Majeed, Imdad Ullah, Amir Ali","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08394-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08394-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, we investigate the structured superluminal and subluminal light propagation in the medium generated through a five-level atomic configuration controlled by a tiny probe and multiple of the control field. The absorption and dispersion are altered with the topological charges of control fields. The maxima and minima of absorption and corresponding normal/anomalous dispersion region are enhanced according to the <span>(2ell)</span> condition in the medium. The group index differs in the domain of <span>(-15000le n_g le 17500)</span> in the position ranges of <span>(-1mu mle x,y le 1 mu m)</span>. The corresponding velocity of the envelope wave <span>(v_{g})</span> is calculated by <span>(c/n_g)</span>. The subluminal and superluminal maximum and minimum regions are also enhanced with the <span>(2ell)</span> condition in the medium. The modified work of this manuscript is useful for storage devices, imaging coding, and designing technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and compensation of alignment error in laser scanning heat-mode lithography system","authors":"Xiaozhong Xu, Zhihong Huang, Tianyu Gao, Jingsong Wei","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08393-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08393-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alignment error significantly influences the fabrication quality of micro/nano structures in laser scanning heat-mode lithography systems. This paper presents an effective compensation strategy to address this issue. A laser heat-mode lithography system is established with a tightly focused objective lens and a grid scanning strategy, achieving a minimum grid size of 6 nm. The factors affecting alignment accuracy are then analyzed from the perspectives of the positioning error, galvanometer scanning distortion and coordinate system inclination. Following this, a compensation strategy is proposed, which adjusts the coordinate system of the dual-galvanometer to compensate alignment error. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness, significantly reducing the maximum alignment error from 92.4 nm to 8.4 nm, improving alignment accuracy by approximately 91%. Furthermore, the fabrication of various structures with a minimum linewidth of 150 nm further confirms the excellent alignment performance of the system and demonstrates the advantages of laser heat-mode lithography. This work provides flexible compensation strategies for improving alignment accuracy in the dual-galvanometer laser scanning lithography system, paving the way for advancements in systems based on direct laser writing or other step-stitching lithography techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied Physics BPub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08401-6
Xiaoxin Wu, Tiancheng Wu, Nan Chen, Yiming Xu, Fan Yang, Hui Chen, Xin Ding, Shuhua Cao, Chen Tao
{"title":"Numerical simulation of in-fiber plasmonic polarization filter using silicon hollow-core anti-resonant fiber with dual aluminum wires","authors":"Xiaoxin Wu, Tiancheng Wu, Nan Chen, Yiming Xu, Fan Yang, Hui Chen, Xin Ding, Shuhua Cao, Chen Tao","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08401-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08401-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents an in-fiber plasmonic polarization filter using silicon hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) with dual aluminum (Al) wires. The mature finite element tool is employed to conduct optical property analysis for the proposed all-fiber filter. The simulation results show that with reasonable design of structural parameters, the central operating wavelength of this filter can be determined at the common communication window of 1.55 μm. When the Al wires are stimulated, the plasmonic mode and the y-polarized transmission mode satisfy the phase matching conditions, leading to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, a significant energy difference can be acquired in the x- and y-polarized directions at 1.55 μm. The 14 mm-long optical filter demonstrates a maximum crosstalk (CT) of 123.24 dB, and a wide bandwidth with CT greater than 20 dB of 410 nm, ranging from 1.39 μm to 1.80 μm. Furthermore, the filter shows outstanding anti-bending capacity on the central wavelength and a high quadratic fitting relationship of 0.9938 between the bending radius and the central CT intensity. Additionally, it also has high manufacture feasibility. It is reasonable to believe that this in-fiber photonic filter can exert a crucial role in optical communication, sensing detection, signal modulation, and other domains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied Physics BPub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08399-x
GuoFeng Xu, Shuxian Wang, Fei Liang, Dazhi Lu, Kui Wu, Huaijin Zhang, Haohai Yu, Pingzhang Yu, Zhengping Wang
{"title":"360 nm ultra-violet pulse laser emission from an acousto-optical Q-switched, intracavity frequency-doubled pr: YLF - BiB3O6 laser","authors":"GuoFeng Xu, Shuxian Wang, Fei Liang, Dazhi Lu, Kui Wu, Huaijin Zhang, Haohai Yu, Pingzhang Yu, Zhengping Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08399-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08399-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For the first time, we realized 360 nm ultraviolet (UV) pulse laser by intracavity frequency doubling of a diode-pumped Q-switched Pr: YLF laser. An acousto-optic modulator was used as the active Q-switcher, and a BiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (BiBO) crystal served as the frequency doubler. A Q-switched laser was successfully obtained at a repetition frequency of 20 kHz, demonstrating excellent performance. Its maximum average output power reached 1.01 W, the maximum single-pulse energy was 50.5 µJ, the minimum pulse duration was merely 30 ns, and the maximum peak power was as high as 1.68 kW. When the repetition frequency was adjusted to 50 kHz, and the absorbed pump power of the 360 nm laser was 6.6 W, this laser’s maximum average output power climbed to 1.36 W, with a corresponding optical conversion efficiency of 20.6%. This novel UV laser is promising to be applied to many fields, such as environmental detection, THz wave generation, spectral analysis, microscopic imaging, and biotechnology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied Physics BPub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08392-4
Jianlin Feng, Hengrui Jiang, Jun Zhao, Dayuan Xiong
{"title":"Stomatopods compound eye structure-inspired circular polarization quantum well infrared photodetectors","authors":"Jianlin Feng, Hengrui Jiang, Jun Zhao, Dayuan Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08392-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08392-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polarization detection is a crucial technology widely employed in infrared detection, image recognition, and space optical communication. Within the realm of infrared detection, it serves to enhance the detection of faint targets against complex backgrounds. Consequently, enhancing the performance of polarization devices has become one of the pivotal directions in quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) research. This paper proposes a novel circular polarization QWIPs inspired by stomatopods compound eye structure. By emulating the compound eye structure of the mantis shrimp, we integrate a top dielectric metasurface and a bottom one-dimensional metallic grating on QWIPs to achieve circular polarization detection. The dielectric metasurface, fabricated by etching heavily doped GaAs material, primarily functions as a quarter-wave plate, decomposing incident circularly polarized light into two orthogonally polarized linear components. The one-dimensional metallic grating at the bottom of device, acting as a linear polarizer, selectively excites surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, thereby distinguishing left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) light from right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) light. Finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate the total absorption spectrum of this integrated device. Under the LCP light incidence, the device exhibits a total absorption of 0.9 at the peak response wavelength of 7.8 μm, with a coupling efficiency of 3553%. Conversely, under RCP light incidence, the device demonstrates a total absorption of 0.1 at the same peak response wavelength, achieving a coupling efficiency of 95%. Furthermore, the device’s circular polarization extinction ratio reaches 37.4. This structure, achievable through quantum well focal plane array technology, represents a positive performing design for circular polarization QWIPs, contributing to enhancing target identification capabilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applied Physics BPub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1007/s00340-024-08382-y
Taj Kumar, Gaurav Shukla, Devendra Kumar Mishra
{"title":"Enhancement in sensitivity of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy via SU(1,1) interferometry","authors":"Taj Kumar, Gaurav Shukla, Devendra Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s00340-024-08382-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-024-08382-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sensitivity of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is limited by the shot-noise from the probe fields used for stimulation and the non-resonant background noise. We have investigated the performance of the squeezing-enhanced version of CARS under homodyne detection and sum-intensity detection schemes, compared with the shot-noise limit (SNL) and quantum Cramér-Rao bound (QCRB). Our analysis shows homodyne detection performs better than sum-intensity and known single-intensity detection scheme results. It also provides a broader working range and shows more robustness against internal photon losses and remarkably improved performance in the gain-imbalanced configuration of SU(1,1) interferometer. As a result, we expect that our findings will be useful in quantum sensing and imaging techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical modeling of thermal lens effects in a nonplanar ring oscillator laser","authors":"Qinghong Zhou, Peng Gong, Yifeng Pan, Yucheng Zhou, Shijun Wu, Shiqiang Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08391-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08391-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermal lens effect in a nonplanar ring oscillator laser was calculated using finite element analysis(FEA). The optical path difference (OPD) method shows that the thermal lens is significantly affected by strain and end face bulging, which is important for experimental considerations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Terahertz parametric upconversion detection based on KTiOAsO4 crystal","authors":"Na Ming, Shuzhen Fan, Xingyu Zhang, Xiaohan Chen, Zhenhua Cong, Zhaojun Liu, Dechun Li, Quanxin Guo, Liyuan Guo, Binzhe Jiao, Jiasheng Yuan, Kaiyu Wang, Naichang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08387-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08387-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper demonstrates the characteristics of the THz parametric frequency upconversion detection based on the stimulated polariton scattering in KTiOAsO<sub>4</sub> (KTA) crystal pumped by a 1064 nm pulsed laser (420 ps, 1 Hz). The detectable spectral ranges can be from 3.54 to 4.03 THz, from 4.08 to 4.50 THz, from 4.71 to 5.16 THz, and from 5.87 to 6.32 THz. The minimum detectable energy is 0.24 fJ at 4.92 THz with a dynamic range of 57 dB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"138 mJ 100 Hz 1030 nm nanosecond laser from compact Yb:YAG amplifiers using cascaded large aspect ratio slabs","authors":"Hao Wang, Jing Yang, Xue-Peng Li, Jing-Yu Li, Tian-Li Yang, Lin Han, Ya-Ding Guo, Xiao-Jun Wang, Qin-Jun Peng","doi":"10.1007/s00340-024-08380-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-024-08380-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A compact high-energy nanosecond (ns) slab Yb:YAG Master Oscillator Power-Amplifier (MOPA) laser system with high beam quality is proposed and demonstrated. The MOPA system consists of a Q-switched rod Yb:YAG oscillator and two cascaded large aspect ratio slab (CLARS) Yb:YAG amplifiers. The oscillator delivers a pulse energy of 2.4 mJ at a pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 100 Hz, with a pulse duration of 52 ns. The seed pulse is then amplified to 138 mJ with a gain factor of 57.5. The experimental data is in good agreement with the numerical simulation. The average beam quality factor <i>β</i> is 1.62. This laser system is applicable in scientific and industrial fields. The layout area of the entire system is only 900 mm × 450 mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142941066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative study of femtosecond and conventional optical tweezers","authors":"Ajitesh Singh, Krishna Kant Singh, Deepak Kumar, Debabrata Goswami","doi":"10.1007/s00340-024-08372-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-024-08372-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a comparative study of continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed optical tweezers for trapping polystyrene beads with radii of 250 nm, 500 nm, and 1 μm, using five different laser power settings. In this study we also emphasize the importance of using femtosecond laser, which uses intense peak power pulses to generate larger gradient forces than a CW laser at very low and same average power. We could also achieve stable trapping of 250 nm particle at very low average powers of femtosecond laser. A Ti: Sapphire (MIRA 900 F) laser, capable of seamlessly switching between CW and pulsed modes, was used to ensure identical experimental conditions for both cases. The trap strength in each mode was determined by fitting the power spectrum to a Lorentzian curve. Our results show that pulsed tweezers are more effective for smaller particles, while for larger particles, both CW and pulsed tweezers perform similarly at lower laser powers. However, as the power increases, pulsed tweezers provide more stable trapping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}