Applied Physics B最新文献

{"title":"An exploration of the electromagnetic boundary conditions for two-dimensional materials with out-of-plane polarization","authors":"Asbjorn Hansen,&nbsp;Zoran L. Mišković","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08630-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08630-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigate the consequences of the electromagnetic boundary conditions governing isotropic 2D materials with out-of-plane (OOP) polarization, inserted between two distinct dielectric media. In extending the classical set of jump conditions, we introduce an effective screened OOP polarization density to account for arbitrary dielectric surroundings and derive modified Fresnel reflection coefficients. We compare several models of dielectric screening against ellipsometric phase data for graphene-on-substrate configurations, revealing that although current experimental precision does not conclusively favour one model, the differences are measurable. Furthermore, we derive a plasmon dispersion relation for doped graphene showing a non-monotonic character resulting from coupling between the in-plane and OOP polarization mechanisms at low frequencies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12932294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-fiber core-pumped polarization-maintaining Ho-doped laser at 2.05/2.09 μm with high efficiency","authors":"Dongming Zhang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang,&nbsp;Xinyu Cai,&nbsp;Weinan Yan,&nbsp;Wentao Zhou,&nbsp;Hailin Hu,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Pingxue Li","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08636-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08636-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A scheme for a continuous-wave (CW) all-fiber polarization-maintaining (PM) holmium-doped laser at 2.05/2.09 μm with high efficiency core-pumped by a thulium-doped fiber (TDF) laser is proposed. In the simulation, a rate equation model for the Ho laser is established to provide a theoretical guidance for the experiment. In the experiment, the TDF pumping source for the holmium-doped fiber (HDF) laser has an output wavelength of 1.94 μm and an output power of 55 W. The HDF laser is designed as a linear cavity structure with center wavelengths of 2049.4 nm and 2088.6 nm, maximum output powers of 37.5 W and 36.3 W, and the corresponding slope efficiencies of 75.3% and 72.9%, respectively. In the all-fiber PM HDF laser system, a high-quality laser output with a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of 15.3 dB, power stability of 0.32%, and beam quality (M²) of 1.18 is achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08636-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective resonance ionization of calcium odd isotopes with odd–even selection rules","authors":"Stephen R. Wells,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Iwata,&nbsp;Masabumi Miyabe,&nbsp;Shuichi Hasegawa","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08641-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08641-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Odd-even isotope selectivity in calcium was investigated using a laser resonance ionization <span>(J=0-1-0)</span> transition scheme, chosen so that angular momentum selection rules could be applied using linearly polarized light. Suppression of the abundant isotope <span>(^{40}hbox {Ca})</span> and selection of the rare isotope <span>(^{43}hbox {Ca})</span> was confirmed as a function of the linear polarization angle, through simple application of a half-waveplate (<span>(lambda /2)</span>). In the electric dipole basis, by the selection rules, setting transition polarizations linearly orthogonal forbids the excitation of the even isotopes, while allowing the odd isotope excitation. Spectroscopy in the Rydberg level transition also showed selectivity in the resonance ionization process, with a final maximal (dependent on hyperfine transition) selectivity reported as a separation coefficient <span>(beta = {9e3} )</span>. It is expected that this relatively simple method in increasing selectivity of resonance ionization will have application to separation of the rare odd Ca isotopes as they are important in areas such as quantum information via ion trapping (<span>(^{43}hbox {Ca})</span>), and cosmology and biomedicine (<span>(^{41}hbox {Ca})</span>).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08641-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization-referenced phase modulation for encoding and detection of structured singular beams","authors":"Kushal Kumar Tripathi,&nbsp;Raj Kumar,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08635-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08635-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In real-world scenarios of optical information encoding systems, accurate retrieval of optical information can be challenging due to noise, environmental fluctuations, and system misalignment. As a potential solution, we propose a novel two-dimensional Polarization-referenced phase modulation (PRPM) that allows robust retrieval of encoded information under real-world conditions. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed modulation technique for singularity detection against turbulence and speckle noise conditions during propagation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08635-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Q-switched mid-infrared laser operation with a novel Er, Pr: GYAP crystal","authors":"Cong Quan,&nbsp;Dunlu Sun,&nbsp;Guo Chen,&nbsp;Keqiang Wang,&nbsp;Huili Zhang,&nbsp;Jianqiao Luo,&nbsp;Maojie Cheng,&nbsp;Kunpeng Dong,&nbsp;Zhentao Wang,&nbsp;Hongyuan Li,&nbsp;Xinjie Li,&nbsp;Shiji Dou,&nbsp;Zihao Tang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08637-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08637-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate a self-Q-switched polarized mid-infrared laser based on a novel Er,Pr:GYAP crystal. The structure, thermal, spectroscopy and laser performance are systematically studied. The crystal exhibits high quality with a narrow X-ray rocking curve (FWHM of 0.014°). A broad absorption band around 971 nm and multiple strong emission peaks at 2.5–3.0 μm are observed. The emission and absorption cross-sections of Er,Pr:GYAP crystal in the range of 2500–3000 nm are calculated. The level lifetimes of Er³⁺:⁴I_11/2 and ⁴I_13/2 are 0.61 and 0.82 ms. A diode-end-pumped Er,Pr:GYAP laser is developed in both continuous-wave (CW) and self-Q-switched regimes. The CW output reaches an average power of 508 mW, while two sets of self-Q-switched lasers deliver 356 and 450 mW. The self-Q-switched operations produce pulses with durations of 192.6 ns at 213.5 kHz and 397.4 ns at 106.9 kHz, corresponding to laser wavelengths of 2712.8 and 2797.3 nm, respectively. The saturation power and the modulation depth of Er, Pr:GYAP crystal at 2712 nm are calculated to be 0.34 W and 1.02%. The output beam is near-diffraction-limited, with <i>M</i>_<i>x</i>²<i>/M</i>_<i>y</i>² factors of 1.61/1.46. The output laser exhibits linear polarization parallel to the c-axis of Er,Pr:GYAP crystal. These results confirm Er,Pr:GYAP as a highly promising candidate for compact, polarized, self-Q-switched lasers around 3 μm.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08637-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147341083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration-free benzene sensor for fire environments based on interband cascade laser absorption spectroscopy near 5 μm","authors":"Nicolas S. B. Jaeger,&nbsp;Yi Yan,&nbsp;Isabelle C. Sanders,&nbsp;Derek J. Urwin,&nbsp;R. Mitchell Spearrin","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08621-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08621-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The toxicity of effluents from fires that occur at the wildland-urban interface is a growing concern among first responders, health professionals, and local populations. Benzene (<span>(hbox {C}_{6}hbox {H}_{6})</span>) is a key fire emission of particular concern because of its high carcinogenicity. To better understand <span>(hbox {C}_{6}hbox {H}_{6})</span> production in harsh fire environments, this paper presents a calibration-free scanned-wavelength interband cascade laser absorption spectrometer for <span>(hbox {C}_{6}hbox {H}_{6})</span> that is demonstrated to be robust, portable, and accurate. The spectrometer targets a narrow-band absorption feature located near 2006 cm⁻¹ (<span>(lambda _0 = 5~mu )</span>m). This wavelength selection is shown to be advantageous for measurements at near-ambient pressure conditions and to be well-suited for robust spectrally-resolved measurements with the limited scanning range of modern interband cascade lasers. The sensor employs a multi-pass Herriott cell to achieve an increased optical pathlength in a volume small enough to make the sensor portable for field measurements. The sensor is demonstrated to measure <span>(hbox {C}_{6}hbox {H}_{6})</span> over a wide dynamic range (sub-ppm to thousands of ppm) relevant to first-responder exposures. The method is also shown to remain stable over long durations of continuous logging and to effectively measure <span>(hbox {C}_{6}hbox {H}_{6})</span> content in structural fire effluents with varying ventilation conditions, accounting for potential interferers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08621-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking blended optogalvanic lines: composite spectrum center-of-gravity metrology with a Monte–Carlo uncertainty chain","authors":"Clayton E. Simien","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08647-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08647-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optogalvanic (OG) spectra of heavy atoms frequently manifest as blended clusters of isotopic and hyperfine components. We present an analysis chain that (i) fits a physics-aware <i>composite</i> Voigt model, (ii) defines the reported line center as the cluster’s <i>center-of-gravity</i> (COG), and (iii) propagates calibration and dynamic effects together with fit statistics by a hierarchical Monte–Carlo (MC). An effective two-pole RC model quantifies bias from the combination of laser scan and lock-in detection. When applied to the <span>(^{9}textrm{D}_{4}rightarrow {}^{11}textrm{F}_{3})</span> spin-forbidden transition of neutral Gd near 726 nm, the method yields a corrected COG with combined standard uncertainty at the tens-of-megahertz level despite sub-200 kHz statistical fit noise. The workflow is compact, reproducible, and portable to other OG/hollow-cathode spectra.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08647-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast magnetization dynamics in FeCo thin films with varied stoichiometry","authors":"Tugce Bozdag,&nbsp;Bekir Asilcan Unlu,&nbsp;Metin Arslan,&nbsp;Eyup Kavak,&nbsp;Eyup Duman,&nbsp;Halime Gul Yaglioglu","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08639-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08639-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the fact that numerous experiments have been conducted on a variety of magnetic materials, further research is necessary on the ultrafast magnetization dynamics of other magnetic materials. This is not only to understand the mechanism behind ultrafast demagnetization, but also to identify suitable materials for a range of applications. In this regards, FeCo alloys offers research possibility due to their high magnetic moment, low Gilbert damping factor, tunable Curie temperature and moderate composition-dependent spin–orbit coupling strength. In this work, time-resolved magneto optic Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) experimental techniques and three temperature model (3TM) analysis were used to investigate how compositional tuning affects the efficiency of demagnetization and it’s time scales. We found that, the demagnetization time for FeCo thin films, obtained by fitting the experimental TR-MOKE data to the analytical solution of 3TM, were ranging between 300 and 500 fs. Those values are slower than that of other transition metals. This observation was attributed to the low Gilbert damping factor <span>(alpha )</span> value of the investigated FeCo thin films. Moreover, the values of both <span>(tau _m)</span> and <span>(tau _E)</span> were increased with increasing fluence values. It can be concluded from these two observations that the underlying mechanism responsible for the ultrafast demagnetization in FeCo thin films is predominantly governed by the spin–flip process. Additionaly, experimental results along with their theoretical analysis revealed that, although altering composition of FeCo thin films affect ultrafast demagnetization time profile slightly, it changes demagnetization efficiency significantly, which is one of the important parameters for ultrafast switching applications. Therefore, it can be concluded that among the investigated thin films Fe<span>(_{30})</span>Co<span>(_{70})</span> have the potential to be utilised in ultrafast switching applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08639-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and detection of squeezed states via a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator","authors":"Edoardo Suerra,&nbsp;Samuele Altilia,&nbsp;Stefano Olivares,&nbsp;Alessandro Ferraro,&nbsp;Francesco Canella,&nbsp;Dario Giannotti,&nbsp;Gianluca Galzerano,&nbsp;Sebastiano Corli,&nbsp;Enrico Prati,&nbsp;Simone Cialdi","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08617-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08617-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) operating at 93 MHz is used to generate squeezed states at 1035 nm. The system features a counter-propagating beam at the same wavelength as the quantum state, which simultaneously actively stabilizes the cavity and, after transmission, acts as the local oscillator for homodyne detection. By deriving the local oscillator directly from the SPOPO cavity, the setup establishes an intrinsically excellent spatial mode overlap and high interference visibility, forming a distinctive self-referenced architecture. Two spatial light modulators enable precise spectral shaping of both the pump and the local oscillator in amplitude and phase, allowing investigation of the spectral properties of the generated states. The versatility of the setup further allows exploration of different SPOPO configurations, including regimes with varied finesse and escape efficiency. Representative measurements, including homodyne traces and squeezing levels as functions of pump power and local oscillator bandwidth, demonstrate the performance of the system. Theoretical simulations based on a multimode singular-value-decomposition model reproduce well the measured dependence of squeezing on pump power and LO bandwidth, confirming the accuracy of the description and the robustness of the setup. Measured squeezing levels up to − 3.3 dB are achieved, corresponding to − 5.7 dB at SPOPO output, evidencing the robustness and versatility of this platform for stable pulsed squeezed-light generation and advanced quantum optical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08617-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response surface methodology for optimization of confined laser ablation propulsion design","authors":"Nasba Nazeer,&nbsp;Ayesha Younus,&nbsp;Muhammad Arif,&nbsp;Yasir Jamil","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08629-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08629-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reflection of shockwaves for the confinement of plasma from semispherical-shaped external cavities of metallic and non-metallic material was investigated to study the effect of confined geometries for laser ablation propulsion. Optimization of variables and constants of the proposed propulsion model measured the best values of propulsion parameters, which may help later in improving the efficiency of the system. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a popular statistical method, for optimization to improve the performance of the system. In the present work, RSM was used for the determination of optimum values of laser ablation propulsion parameters for different variables. Laser ablation propulsion parameters were studied for Aluminum, Silver, and Gold samples at different fluence values and cavity diameter sizes. A pulsed Nd-YAG (1064 nm wavelength) laser was used to ablate the sample. The effect of cavity size, cavity material, and fluence were studied on propulsion parameters i.e. coupling coefficient, specific impulse, and Thrust by employing the RSM model. Responses were calculated for both; individual and interaction terms. Optimized values of Coupling coefficient, Specific impulse, and thrust were obtained using contour plots.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08629-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147339288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}