Applied Physics B最新文献_第2页

Higher-order spatial mode detection leveraging deep learning on random optical patterns 利用深度学习对随机光学模式的高阶空间模式检测

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08717-x

Shiva Shankar Mutupuri, Md. Haider Ansari, Satish Anamalamudi, Ravi Kumar, Shashi Prabhakar, Gangi Reddy Salla

{"title":"Higher-order spatial mode detection leveraging deep learning on random optical patterns","authors":"Shiva Shankar Mutupuri, Md. Haider Ansari, Satish Anamalamudi, Ravi Kumar, Shashi Prabhakar, Gangi Reddy Salla","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08717-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08717-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The speckle based classification of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams using the convolution neural network (CNN) has gained a significant interest in view of their applications towards free space optical communication. For the LG beams with higher azimuthal index or topological charge (TC), the classification becomes extremely difficult due to the presence of similarities or structural correlations between the speckle patterns corresponding to the various orders. Here, we propose two deep learning techniques based on CNN and a Vision Transformer (ViT) for classifying the LG beams with higher TC up to 50 using the speckle patterns generated by scattering these modes through a rough surface. The obtained results show that the ViT based model achieves a better mean classification accuracy of 98.1%, outperforming the CNN based model by approximately 3.3%. Additionally, we validated the robustness of the proposed models by accurately detecting TC over three independent test runs and we are also able to determine the sign of TC as well. This classification was performed using a small patch (224 <span>(times )</span> 224) of speckle patterns, approximately 1% of the recorded speckle pattern. The robustness of the proposed method for high topological charges after perturbing using the scattering environments enables more reliable, high capacity optical systems for real world use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08717-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atomic thermometry using 4S (rightarrow ) 5P absorption spectroscopy in potassium vapor 利用4S (rightarrow ) 5P吸收光谱法测定钾蒸气中的原子温度

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08716-y

Prosenjit Majumder

{"title":"Atomic thermometry using 4S (rightarrow ) 5P absorption spectroscopy in potassium vapor","authors":"Prosenjit Majumder","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08716-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08716-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a comprehensive study of the Doppler broadened <span>(4S rightarrow 5P)</span> transitions in natural abundance potassium vapor, focusing on both the <span>(hbox {D}_1)</span> and <span>(hbox {D}_2)</span> lines. Using a home-built 405 nm extended-cavity diode laser and a 10 cm heated vapor cell, we measure the transmission spectra across a wide range of probe intensities and vapor temperatures. Weak-probe measurements confirm the applicability of the <i>ElecSus</i> model, which accurately reproduces the observed absorption profiles and allows the quantitative extraction of atomic temperatures with high precision. The <span>(hbox {D}_2)</span> transition exhibits stronger absorption and greater sensitivity to temperature changes, while the <span>(hbox {D}_1)</span> line provides a robust test of the weak-probe regime. By fitting the Doppler broadened spectra with <i>ElecSus</i>, we demonstrate a spectroscopic thermometry technique capable of resolving small temperature variations, even in the presence of thermal gradients and electronic noise. Our results establish <i>ElecSus</i> as a reliable tool for the precise characterization of hot atomic vapors, demonstrating excellent agreement with models using experimentally determined 4S <span>(rightarrow )</span> 5P isotope-shift values.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08716-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compact TDLAS methane sensor based on a triple-switching matrix multipass cell 基于三开关矩阵多通单元的紧凑TDLAS甲烷传感器

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08719-9

Sicheng Li, Liucheng Cao, Xue Ou, Kunkai Dong, Peng Liu, Xin Zhou

{"title":"Compact TDLAS methane sensor based on a triple-switching matrix multipass cell","authors":"Sicheng Li, Liucheng Cao, Xue Ou, Kunkai Dong, Peng Liu, Xin Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08719-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08719-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-precision detection of methane is highly valuable in many fields, such as natural gas pipeline leakage detection, greenhouse gas monitoring, and noninvasive disease diagnosis. However, significant technical challenges remain in further improving the sensitivity and portability of methane sensors. Multipass cells (MPCs) adopted in existing sensors based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) generally suffer from limited optical path length and poor beam quality under the constraint of a small volume, which restricts the overall detection performance of the sensors. To address the above technical difficulties, in this study, a high-precision methane sensor based on a novel multipass cell named the triple-switching matrix multipass cell (TSMC) was designed and developed. The TSMC can realize triple switching of the reflection mode of the Pickett Bradley White Cell (PBWC) in three directions and has the remarkable advantages of excellent beam quality, a high ratio of optical path length to volume (RLV), and separation of incident and exit positions. The experimental results reveal that the TSMC can achieve an effective optical path length of 53.2 m with an effective optical volume of only 268.27 mL, and the RLV reaches 19.83 cm<sup>− 2</sup>, demonstrating excellent miniaturization potential. Allan deviation analysis indicates that the sensor has a minimum detection limit of 12.6 ppb at an average time of 9.4 s, indicating high detection sensitivity. The sensor design proposed in this study provides a new approach for improving the high-precision detection of trace gases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08719-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-system optimization of a computer-generated hologram using laser-induced luminescence for parallel femtosecond laser processing 利用平行飞秒激光加工的激光诱导发光计算机生成全息图的系统内优化

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08718-w

Yoshio Hayasaki, Koichi Takahashi, Satoshi Hasegawa

引用次数: 0

The Lohmann Holography Award: honoring scientific legacy and inspiring the future of holography 罗曼全息摄影奖：表彰科学遗产，激励全息摄影的未来

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08720-2

Vijayakumar Anand, Jacob I. Mackenzie

引用次数: 0

Propagational quasi-Hamiltonian functional and stability analysis of finite Airy-Gaussian beams in uniform dense plasma 均匀致密等离子体中有限Airy-Gaussian光束的准哈密顿泛函及稳定性分析

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08710-4

V. S. Pawar, S. R. Kokare, M. V. Takale

{"title":"Propagational quasi-Hamiltonian functional and stability analysis of finite Airy-Gaussian beams in uniform dense plasma","authors":"V. S. Pawar, S. R. Kokare, M. V. Takale","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08710-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08710-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the nonlinear propagation dynamics of finite Airy-Gaussian (AiG) laser beams in a uniform dense collisionless plasma using the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial ray approximations. Instead of treating the coupled beam width parameter differential equations (BWPDEs) solely as evolution equations, the beam propagation is analysed within an equivalent classical dynamical framework. The beam width evolution is reformulated as a two-dimensional dynamical system governed by propagational quasi-Hamiltonian functional and an effective pseudo-potential. An energy-like propagational quasi-Hamiltonian functional is derived characterizes the nonlinear beam dynamics. The evolution of the system is further interpreted through kinetic energy-like and effective pseudo-potential terms. The analysis reveals that, the quasi-Hamiltonian functional governs the self-trapping, oscillatory self-focusing and defocusing behavior of the beam. Different propagation regimes are identified according to the evolution of the quasi-Hamiltonian functional; near-zero values correspond to self-trapping, bounded oscillations indicate stable propagation and divergent behaviour signifies beam defocusing. The condition for self-trapping, self-focusing, defocusing and beam stability are further examined through a Hessian matrix analysis. The proposed framework provides deeper physical insights into the nonlinear dynamics of finite AiG beams and extends the conventional beam width parameter approach by revealing the underlying dynamical structure of beam propagation in plasma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08710-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review on evolution of optical information security techniques 光信息安全技术发展综述

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08713-1

Raman Yadav, Harsh Vardhan, Aswathi K Sivarajan, Praveen Kumar, Sakshi Choudhary, Phool Singh, Gangi Reddy Salla, Sachin, Ravi Kumar

{"title":"A comprehensive review on evolution of optical information security techniques","authors":"Raman Yadav, Harsh Vardhan, Aswathi K Sivarajan, Praveen Kumar, Sakshi Choudhary, Phool Singh, Gangi Reddy Salla,  Sachin, Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08713-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08713-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the exponential growth of digital communication channels, the transmission and storage of high-dimensional multimedia data, including images and videos, have become crucial to modern information systems. The areas like defense, healthcare and banking utilize the modern communication channels very often to share information. Thus, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of sensitive visual information has become a critical challenge. Although there are various conventional data security algorithms that exist, they often encounter limitations in handling large-scale image data due to high computational complexity and slow processing speed. Optical cryptosystems have emerged as a promising alternative owing to their inherent parallelism, multidimensional processing capability, large key space, and high-speed implementation. In this review, recent advancements in optical cryptosystems beyond classical DRPE scheme are summarized. Particularly, we examine the asymmetric optical cryptosystems based on PTFT, QZ decomposition, QZ synthesis, SVD, GSVD, interference, and computer-generated holography. Moreover, this review also discussed the emerging approaches of optical data security using structured light beams such as vector vortex beams. Finally, the review covered various techniques to test the vulnerabilities of optical cryptosystems such as plaintext and modified plaintext attacks, AI based cryptographic attacks, and iterative attacks designed for asymmetric cryptosystems. The objective of this review article is to serve as a reference text for readers from a variety of research backgrounds interested in the domain of optical information security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08713-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148871710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser isotope separation of Gd-152 and Gd-160 Gd-152和Gd-160的激光同位素分离

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08712-2

Kevin C. Robben, Mark D. Rotter, Christopher A. Haynam, Michael A. Johnson, Christopher F. Carson, Brett H. Isselhardt

{"title":"Laser isotope separation of Gd-152 and Gd-160","authors":"Kevin C. Robben, Mark D. Rotter, Christopher A. Haynam, Michael A. Johnson, Christopher F. Carson, Brett H. Isselhardt","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08712-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08712-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) of gadolinium has historically emphasized enrichment of the odd isotopes, with external magnetic fields treated primarily as a source of selectivity degradation. Here we revisit polarization-selective photoionization of gadolinium with a different objective: to exploit controlled B-field–induced mixing as a design parameter for enhancing the photoionization of even isotopes. Using density-matrix simulations of a J = 2 → 2 → 1 → 0 excitation ladder, we examine the combined effects of magnetic-field orientation and amplitude, laser polarization, and laser fluence on the photoionization efficiency of <sup>160</sup>Gd and <sup>152</sup>Gd. We identify operating regimes in which modest magnetic fields (≈10–20 G), appropriately oriented relative to the laser fields, substantially increase even-isotope photoionization probability without catastrophic loss of selectivity. When translated into separation metrics, these conditions yield high theoretical product assays and isotopic cuts approaching or exceeding 60–70% in a single pass, representing approximately a two-fold improvement in isotopic cut relative to zero-field operation. The results demonstrate that magnetic fields need not be treated solely as a limitation in polarization-selective AVLIS but can instead be leveraged to improve throughput for even-isotope enrichment, particularly for rare isotopes such as <sup>152</sup>Gd, and suggest that AVLIS can be competitive with electromagnetic isotope separation for the production of even gadolinium isotopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08712-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comparative study of water-jet guided laser and dry nanosecond laser processing of Cf/SiC composites 水射流激光与干式纳秒激光加工Cf/SiC复合材料的对比研究

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08709-x

Dianzheng Wang, Yulu Zhang, Zhenghao Du, Ye Dai, Shengzhi Sun

{"title":"A comparative study of water-jet guided laser and dry nanosecond laser processing of Cf/SiC composites","authors":"Dianzheng Wang, Yulu Zhang, Zhenghao Du, Ye Dai, Shengzhi Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08709-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08709-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water-jet guided laser (WJGL) processing provides an effective technology for the precision machining of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), particularly for high-aspect-ratio microhole drilling, owing to its advantages in energy confinement, cooling, and debris removal. In this study, WJGL processing and dry nanosecond laser processing were systematically compared for the drilling of C<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites under comparable laser conditions. The results show that the introduction of water significantly modifies the laser-material interaction by providing cooling and debris removal, thereby reducing thermal accumulation and subsequent oxidation. By optimization of water pressure, microholes with a minimum diameter of 200 μm and a maximum aspect ratio of 15:1 were successfully fabricated. Compared with dry nanosecond laser processing, WJGL achieved a higher material removal rate while markedly suppressing thermal oxidation at the cross section, thus preserving the integrity of both the SiC matrix and the BN interface. Consequently, the WJGL-processed C<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites show significantly improved wear resistance compared to the dry nanosecond laser-processed ones due to the reduced surface damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08709-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dictionary Learning-Based Multi-Beam Digital Holographic Microscopy 基于字典学习的多光束数字全息显微术

IF 1.8 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-026-08708-y

Kuruguntla Lakshmi, Vineela Chandra Dodda, Manoj Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Inbarasan Muniraj, Injune Yeo

{"title":"Dictionary Learning-Based Multi-Beam Digital Holographic Microscopy","authors":"Kuruguntla Lakshmi, Vineela Chandra Dodda, Manoj Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Inbarasan Muniraj, Injune Yeo","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08708-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08708-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) involves computationally demanding operations such as numerical wave propagation, phase retrieval, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, which rely heavily on large-scale matrix computations. As spatial resolution and sampling density increase, the associated computational burden grows substantially, often necessitating optimized signal-processing strategies to enable real-time and high-fidelity reconstruction. To address this, we propose a sparse reconstruction method based on adaptive dictionary learning (DL) named as Sequential Generalized K-means (SGK) is integrated into DHM. In the proposed method, input hologram is divided into patches, and each patch is represented as linear combination of sparse dictionary atoms. Each atom in dictionary is updated sequentially by averaging the training patches associated with its fixed sparse coefficients. Unlike K-SVD, proposed method avoids the expensive singular value decomposition (SVD) for dictionary update thereby minimizes the computation time and improves the hologram reconstruction accuracy. To further enhance reconstruction quality, optimum choice of key parameters such as patch size, dictionary size, and sparsity level is essential. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SGK-based sparse reconstruction achieves high-fidelity reconstructions and faster convergence than conventional dictionary-learning approaches, highlighting its suitability for real-time microscopic imaging applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08708-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0