Applied Physics B最新文献

{"title":"Transverse anti-symmetric phase-shifted fiber grating for reducing linewidth","authors":"Peng Cai,&nbsp;Yiming Wang,&nbsp;Jinghao Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoning Xu,&nbsp;Guomeng Zuo,&nbsp;Chenguang Peng,&nbsp;Huiting Lyu,&nbsp;Jinyu Song","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08465-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08465-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An unprecedented fiber narrow-band filter is proposed, which is composed of a phase-shifted fiber grating with an anti-symmetric refractive index distribution and a uniform fiber grating. The anti-symmetric refractive index distribution is obtained by performing a one-sided exposure on both sides of the few-mode fiber, where the two exposure positions differ by half period of the grating. By introducing an anti-symmetric refractive index distribution, coupling resonance occurs in the <span>(hbox {LP}_{01})</span> and <span>(hbox {LP}_{11})</span> modes in the two-mode fiber, and the reflected light and transmitted light are separated into <span>(hbox {LP}_{11})</span> mode and <span>(hbox {LP}_{01})</span> mode, respectively. To achieve a narrow-band reflection spectrum, the <span>(pi )</span> phase is introduced into an anti-symmetric refractive index grating, and its transmitted light is reflected through a uniform grating. Single-mode fiber and taper-coupled fiber are introduced to select <span>(hbox {LP}_{01})</span> mode selection, and the <span>(hbox {LP}_{11})</span> mode is cutoff. Finally, the laser linewidth characteristics of the proposed structure are analyzed by co-simulation with semiconductor gain chips. Simulation results show that the proposed structure can improve the linewidth of single-longitudinal mode lasers, which has very important potential applications in the fields of Lidar, coherent communication and sensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace molecular detection with wavelength-modulated cavity-enhanced two-photon absorption spectroscopy","authors":"Yu-Zhong Liu,&nbsp;Wen-Tao Cai,&nbsp;Yan-Dong Tan,&nbsp;Tian-Peng Hua,&nbsp;Cun-Feng Cheng,&nbsp;Shui-Ming Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08463-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08463-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sensitive detection of trace gas molecules is critically important for various scientific and industrial applications. We present a wavelength-modulated cavity-enhanced two-photon absorption spectroscopy (WM-CETPAS) technique that integrates the Doppler-free precision of two-photon absorption with the noise suppression capability of wavelength modulation. This approach achieves both high sensitivity and high selectivity in molecular detection. As a demonstration, we measured <span>(^{13})</span>CO<span>(_2)</span> in gas mixtures, confirming that the WM-CETPAS method enables real-time detection without interference from other molecular species. The method provides an opportunity to be a powerful tool for various applications, such as isotope analysis, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-resolved measurements of the light absorption properties of soot aerosols from a gas turbine engine","authors":"Rym Mehri,&nbsp;Timothy A. Sipkens,&nbsp;Gregory J. Smallwood,&nbsp;Mark Johnson,&nbsp;Joel C. Corbin","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08459-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08459-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The optical properties of soot are crucial in estimating its climate impact through direct radiative forcing. Soot light absorption is typically quantified by the mass absorption cross-section (MAC_λ) or the absorption function E(<i>m</i>_λ), which are wavelength dependent. Light absorbed by soot can be predicted from its MAC_λ using mass-concentration measurements, or from its E(<i>m</i>_λ) using material density and an optical model accounting for soot-aggregate morphology. Recent work has shown that the soot MAC_λ shows a size dependency, due to a size-dependent degree of graphitization. We therefore hypothesized here that a similar size dependency may be observed for E(<i>m</i>_λ), which we quantify here. To test this hypothesis, we present a novel approach to obtain size-resolved MAC_λ and E(<i>m</i>_λ) of soot from a gas turbine engine by combining pulsed laser-induced incandescence signals with total mass-concentration measurements. E(<i>m</i>_<i>λ</i>) was found to vary with soot-particle size, with values ranging between 0.23 to 0.31 for the smallest (≈ 0.13 fg) and largest (≈ 3 fg) particles measured. To our knowledge, these measurements are the first to demonstrate that E(<i>m</i>_λ) not only varies between soot samples, but also within a population of soot particles, which impacts the interpretation of optical diagnostics and prediction of the radiative properties of soot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08459-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a HCl laser absorption diagnostic near 3.3 μm for shock-tube chemical kinetics studies","authors":"Claire M. Grégoire,&nbsp;Eric L. Petersen","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08458-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08458-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new hydrogen chloride (HCl) laser absorption diagnostic was developed and combined with a shock tube to obtain HCl time-history profiles behind reflected shock waves. An interband cascade laser was used to access the R(8) transition lines of the two isotopes H³⁵Cl and H³⁷Cl in the fundamental (1 <span>(leftarrow)</span> 0) band at the specific wavelengths of 3045.06 and 3042.74 cm⁻¹ near 3.3 μm, respectively. Spectroscopic parameters were obtained using HCl in 99.5% Ar, focusing on the line strengths and Ar-broadening effects, and were compared with theory from the literature. Experimental calibration of the HCl absorption coefficient and its dependence over a wide range of temperatures and pressures were obtained (i.e. 1261—1759 K, 0.25—0.42 atm, and 2390—3736 K, 1.26—2.00 atm). Measurements of the line strengths, Ar-broadening parameters at 296 K, and temperature-dependence exponents for the R(8) transition lines of H³⁵Cl and H³⁷Cl were validated against these results and can be summarized as follows:</p><ol>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <span>1)</span>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For H³⁵Cl:<span>({S}_{12}left({T}_{0}right))</span> = 2.099 <span>(pm)</span> 0.084 cm⁻²-atm⁻¹, <span>({gamma }_{H35Cl-Ar}left({T}_{0}right))</span> = 0.0110 <span>(pm)</span> 0.0005 cm⁻¹-atm⁻¹, and <span>({n}_{H35Cl-Ar})</span> = 0.4 <span>(pm)</span> 0.01.</p>\u0000 \u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <span>2)</span>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For H³⁷Cl:<span>({S}_{12}left({T}_{0}right))</span> = 0.708 <span>(pm)</span> 0.028 cm⁻²-atm⁻¹, <span>({gamma }_{H37Cl-Ar}left({T}_{0}right))</span> = 0.0105 <span>(pm)</span> 0.0005 cm⁻¹-atm⁻¹, and <span>({n}_{H37Cl-Ar})</span> = 0.3 <span>(pm)</span> 0.01.</p>\u0000 \u0000 </li>\u0000 </ol><p>The new HCl laser probe shows promising results for future measurements to better understand the combustion chemistry of propellants containing chlorine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The entanglement and quantum coherence for a symmetric three two-level atoms interacting with a single mode cavity field","authors":"Tamer A. Seoudy,&nbsp;N. H. Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08446-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08446-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most of the previous studies on quantum entanglement dynamics are limited to two two-level atomic systems, but only partial solutions are known for detecting and quantifying entanglement in multipartite systems. In this work, we construct a broad framework for the theory of the interaction between a single-mode cavity field and three two-level atoms. Assuming the field is in a binomial state and the atoms are initially prepared in their excited states, we analytically determine the wave function of the suggested model. We examine the temporal evolution of linear entropy and coherence, and we analyze the dynamical behavior of the collapse and revival phenomena via the mean photon number. Additionally, we investigate in detail the impact of the detuning parameter on these phenomena. The results demonstrate that the detuning parameter plays a crucial role in the generation and preservation of entanglement between the atoms and the field. In addition, we find that the degree of entanglement and the collapse-revival phenomenon are related to each other, which will be discussed in depth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of spaceborne combined IPDA LIDAR and DIAL for simultaneous measurement of methane column concentrations and water vapor density profile","authors":"Zitong Wu,&nbsp;Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Chuncan Fan,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Zhu,&nbsp;Jiqiao Liu,&nbsp;Weibiao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08460-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08460-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methane (CH₄) is one of the most important greenhouse gases, and its impact on climate change is gradually increasing owing to increased emissions. Water vapor (H₂O) is an important factor affecting meteorology, climate, and global hydrological cycles. The distribution of H₂O in the lower troposphere plays a significant role in studying the enhancement of the greenhouse effect, weather forecasting, and other aspects. Based on the characteristics of the methane 1645 nm absorption line coinciding with the H₂O 822 nm absorption line after frequency doubling, a dual-species detection differential absorption light detection and ranging (LIDAR) has been proposed. The system utilizes the principles of integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) to detect CH₄ column concentrations and differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) to measure the H₂O concentration profile. The laser source of the system mainly includes optical parametric oscillator (OPO), optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and second harmonic generation module (SHG). By comprehensively analyzing the frequency stability, profile detection precision, and laser source design, the optimal operating wavelengths for CH₄ and H₂O measurements were presented: CH₄ online, offline1, and offline2 were 1645.552 nm, 1645.807 nm and 1645.844 nm, respectively. Based on the proposed system parameters of the LIDAR, absorption line parameters, and global environmental parameters, such as surface reflectance, aerosol optical depth, and surface elevation, a simulation analysis of the global CH₄ column measurement performance of the LIDAR was conducted. The results show that with a telescope aperture of 1000 mm, repetition rate of 25 Hz, emitting energy of 20 mJ and horizontal resolution of 50 km, the random error of the CH₄ measurements can be below 7 ppb in 94% area of land. Subsequently, a simulation analysis of the LIDAR H₂O vertical profile measurements was conducted. The results show that, with a vertical resolution of 1 km and a horizontal resolution of 100 km, the precision of the H₂O profile concentration can reach within 1 g/kg in the free troposphere with six typical atmosphere models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase control of three-dimensional spatial distribution of probe absorption in quantum well nanostructures","authors":"Haobing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08455-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08455-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of standing wave fields on the 3D absorption profiles of a quantum well (QW) system based on biexciton coherence, focusing on the effects of relative phase, detuning, and different light-matter interaction schemes. We derive the conditional position probability distribution of probe absorption, elucidating how variations in phase and detuning can manipulate spatial localization patterns. Distinct absorption patterns are observed, with a maximum detection probability of 25% in defined subspaces. Further analysis reveals that adjusting the relative phase of the applied fields leads to significant reconfigurations of the absorption maxima, enhancing spatial confinement and predictability of the quantum system’s position. Additionally, we explore the impact of detuning, demonstrating that manipulating detuning narrows absorption volumes, reduces positional uncertainty, and achieves up to 100% detection probability in specific regions. These findings underscore the critical role of quantum interference effects arising from standing-wave fields, which generate spatially varying Rabi frequencies and dictate the modulation of probe absorption. The results provide valuable insights into the control of light-matter interactions, with implications for quantum information processing and precision measurement applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the damage profiles and mechanisms of CMOS devices subjected to continuous and pulsed laser exposure","authors":"Hai-Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Yun-Fei Li,&nbsp;Hao Chang,&nbsp;Yu Yu,&nbsp;Gong Wang,&nbsp;Yu-Lei Wang,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Lu","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08427-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08427-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing use of CMOS technology has made it essential to improve its resistance to laser damage in the field of optoelectronic countermeasures. This research examines the characteristics and mechanisms of damage to CMOS caused by 1064 nm continuous lasers and 532 nm pulsed lasers. The damage progresses through four stages: lens damage, point damage, line damage, and stress damage. Results show that continuous laser exposure leads to gradual expansion of the damaged area over time, while narrow-pulse multi-pulse lasers cause more severe damage to CMOS. Lens and point damage are mainly caused by thermal ablation, which reduces the CMOS light source’s focusing efficiency and damages the MOS structure. Line and stress damage result from a combination of thermal ablation and thermal stress. Damage to the metal wiring layer can cause entire rows or columns of pixels to fail, while the insulation layer may rupture due to thermal stress expansion, ultimately leading to CMOS function failure during imaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly tunable propagating surface plasmons on supported ITO nanowire metamaterial","authors":"Tatjana Gric","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08461-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08461-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Few things are known about metal-less nanowires, however it is commonly known that surface plasmons—the quanta of the collective oscillations of free electrons at a metal surface—can be easily tuned for metal nanoparticles and metal surfaces. Here, we discover that surface plasmons on nanowires composed of alternative plasmonic materials, like ITO, have a highly tunable nature, which can be adjusted by adjusting the carrier concentration and, consequently, the properties of ITO. Calculated dispersion relations, propagation lengths of plasmon modes in the system are presented. This allows us to characterize and categorize the modes into two groups: Ferrel-Berreman modes and surface plasmon polaritons. Such high sensitivity is necessary to directly regulate the optical signal dispersion for various routing and demultiplexing operations in plasmonic circuits and could pave the way for the development of on-chip ultrasensitive biosensing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient flattened optical frequency comb generation for multi-tone RF modulated signals via four-wave mixing (FWM) in wideband SOA","authors":"Priyanka Verma,&nbsp;Sukhbir Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08453-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08453-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this manuscript, an approach for generation of flattened optical frequency comb (OFC) by using four wave mixing (FWM) effect in wideband Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed. The performance of proposed OFC has been analysed in presence of multi-tone RF modulated signal. The wideband SOA produces a comb-like spectrum comprised of numerous closely spaced frequency components by modulating the input light wave with a single frequency and interaction of these light waves inside the amplifier produced new frequency components. The proposed optical network is proficient for generating 58 comb lines with 2 dB maximum power deviation in which 28, 19 and 11 frequency comb lines having 2 dB maximum power deviation. The impact of confinement factor, injection current and carrier density of wideband SOA is investigated to get variations in optical frequency comb lines and maximum power deviation. This flattened OFC has advanced application in passive optical network as well as in optical sensing and it can act as multichannel source in high performance optical networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}