Applied Physics B最新文献_第4页

Comparison of the high harmonics emission from monolayer hexagonal two-dimensional solids: borophene, graphene, gallium phosphide, and boron nitride

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08436-9

A. M. Koushki

{"title":"Comparison of the high harmonics emission from monolayer hexagonal two-dimensional solids: borophene, graphene, gallium phosphide, and boron nitride","authors":"A. M. Koushki","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08436-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08436-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), we theoretically investigate the influence of bandgap on the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from monolayer hexagonal two-dimensional (2D) solids: gallium phosphide (GaP), graphene, borophene (graphene-like), and boron nitride (h-BN) under a few-cycle linearly- and/or single circularly-polarized laser field. Our results show that the overall current is prominently larger in the zigzag (ZZ) direction in comparison with the armchair (AC) direction, when the laser field is polarized along the ZZ-direction. Accordingly, the high-order harmonics can be produced more efficiently along the ZZ-direction than that of the AC-direction. We exhibit that single-layer 2D materials can generate bulk-like high-order harmonics when they are driven by an in-plane polarized laser field, and atomic-like harmonics when driven by an out-of-plane polarized laser field. Our findings indicate that due to the difference in the effective mass of carriers along AC- and ZZ-directions, the high-order harmonics spectra are different in both directions. In addition, the results illustrate that the dependence of HHG intensity changes according to the polarization of the laser electric field. The bandgap significantly affects the HHG, most importantly through ultrafast modification of the interband polarization of the system. Finally, based on the present study, due to the relatively higher yield of emitted harmonics from borophene and GaP, they have outstanding potential for future utilization in extreme-ultraviolet, efficient table-top HHG sources, and as an ultrafast optical tool to provide possibilities for imaging solid structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of 3D elemental distribution on the dome surface of HL-2A divertor by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08435-w

X. R. Huangfu, D. Zhao, D. Wu, J. Liu, Y. He, X. Shi, J. Han, L. Gao, L. Cai, J. Wang, J. Gao, C. Ke, H. Ding

{"title":"Investigation of 3D elemental distribution on the dome surface of HL-2A divertor by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","authors":"X. R. Huangfu, D. Zhao, D. Wu, J. Liu, Y. He, X. Shi, J. Han, L. Gao, L. Cai, J. Wang, J. Gao, C. Ke, H. Ding","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08435-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08435-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, three-dimensional (3D) diagnostics of the graphite tile surface elements in the dome region of the HL-2A divertor in both poloidal and toroidal directions were investigated using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology under simulated HL-2A vacuum conditions. LIBS spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of impurity elements such as Si, Cu, Ca, Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Mn on the graphite tile surface. Depth profile results of the impurity deposited layer on the shoulder part of graphite tile showed that Fe, Cr, Ni, and Mn emission intensities gradually decreased and disappeared with depth. The Si, Cu, Ca, and Al initially increased, then decreased, and eventually disappeared in the depth profile. Two-dimensional (2D) depth profile results of impurity elements in the poloidal direction showed significant asymmetry in impurity deposition within 70 mm of the shoulder and 20 mm from the top, and the impurity layer thickness on the shoulder greater than that on the top (approximately 5.7 μm vs. 3.1 μm). Further 3D imaging of the surface elements of the HL-2A divertor demonstrated strong asymmetry of impurity elements on the graphite tile surface in the poloidal direction, but no significant asymmetry was observed in the toroidal direction within 50 mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LIFSim, a modular laser-induced fluorescence code for concentration and temperature analysis of diatomic molecules

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08388-0

A. El Moussawi, S. Karaminejad, J. Menser, W. G. Bessler, T. Dreier, T. Endres, C. Schulz

{"title":"LIFSim, a modular laser-induced fluorescence code for concentration and temperature analysis of diatomic molecules","authors":"A. El Moussawi, S. Karaminejad, J. Menser, W. G. Bessler, T. Dreier, T. Endres, C. Schulz","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08388-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08388-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a non-invasive optical diagnostics technique frequently used in reactive media to measure physical properties such as gas-phase species concentrations and temperature. It provides important information for understanding reaction and transport processes. For deriving detection schemes that provide selective and quantitative information, fluorescence spectra of the species of interest as well as potential interference sources must be simulated. LIFSim 4.0 is a modular software for simulating absorption, LIF excitation, and LIF emission spectra of NO, SiO, OH, and O<sub>2</sub> that also can be extended by the user to include other species. Line positions, line broadening, and collisional quenching are calculated based on spectroscopic data from literature. The code provides spectral analysis tools to interrogate and analyze sensitive spectral regions suitable for derivation of temperature from multi-line LIF measurements. The library includes fitting functions optimized for enhancing and accelerating the post-processing of stacked LIF images with varied excitation wavelength for temperature imaging and separation of the target LIF signal from broad-band or scattering background as well as tools for assessing the validity of results in non-ideal measurement situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08388-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear optical properties of Azo compound synthesized via diazonation reaction using continuous wave laser beams 利用连续波激光束通过重氮化反应合成的偶氮化合物的非线性光学特性

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08428-9

M. J. Ashoor, Sadiq M. H. Ismael, Hanadi M. Jarallah, H. A. Sultan, Qusay M. A. Hassan, Kawkab Ali Hussein, C. A. Emshary

{"title":"Nonlinear optical properties of Azo compound synthesized via diazonation reaction using continuous wave laser beams","authors":"M. J. Ashoor, Sadiq M. H. Ismael, Hanadi M. Jarallah, H. A. Sultan, Qusay M. A. Hassan, Kawkab Ali Hussein, C. A. Emshary","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08428-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08428-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the presence of nitrite and an aqueous hydrochloric acid medium, sulfadiazine is diazonated to create an azo compound. With the chemical formula (E)-4-((3- (tert-butyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl) diazenyl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl), the compound is a synthetic benzenesulfonamide. Characterization of the azo molecule is done using mass, FTIR, and <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra. Azo compound structure is optimized using Density Functional Theory (DFT). This study examines the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of the azo compound via the utilization of two visible, continuous wave (CW) laser beams. The nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) and the nonlinear absorption coefficient (NLAC) of the azo compound are estimated using diffraction patterns (DPs) and Z-scan and found equal to 5.38 × 10<sup>–7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/W and 2.03 × 10<sup>–3</sup> cm/W, respectively. The DPs are numerically simulated using the Fraunhofer approximation of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral with good accord compared to the experiment’s findings. The all-optical switching (AOS) behavior of the azo compound is examined under irradiation with 473 and 532 nm CW laser beams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Narrow linewidth apodized coupling grating distributed feedback lasers enabled by enhanced uniformity of photon density distribution

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08434-x

Dengfeng Luo, Nan Zhang, Lei Wang, Kai Wang

{"title":"Narrow linewidth apodized coupling grating distributed feedback lasers enabled by enhanced uniformity of photon density distribution","authors":"Dengfeng Luo, Nan Zhang, Lei Wang, Kai Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08434-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08434-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Apodized coupling gratings distributed feedback (AC-DFB) lasers have demonstrated their ability to achieve narrow linewidth. However, the detailed impacts of facet coatings and the structural parameters of apodized coupling gratings on the longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) effect, along with comprehensive evaluations of how the LSHB influences linewidth and in-depth optimizations in AC-DFB lasers, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, we present the physical models for AC-DFB lasers and utilize numerical simulations to investigate the influences of facet coatings and the structural parameters of apodized grating on the LSHB effect. The promoted uniformity of photon density distribution of AC-DFB lasers is achieved through the rational design of the apodized grating coupling coefficient distribution and length, which effectively modulates the optical field of the lasers. The further thorough analysis of AC-DFB laser linewidth, considering the impact of the LSHB effect, demonstrates that optimization can reduce linewidth broadening caused by the LSHB by 80.9%, narrowing the linewidth to 43.4 kHz at 120 mA with HR-AR facet coating. This study provides valuable insights into the precise optimization of AC-DFB laser, contributing to improved narrow linewidth performance and supporting their application in high-speed optical communication systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevention of polarization frequency splitting in isotropic medium with high-order transverse modes

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08430-1

Pengfei Zhou, Jinming Huang, Gang Huang, Tianshan Zhang, Jianing Li, Bingxuan Li, Ge Zhang

{"title":"Prevention of polarization frequency splitting in isotropic medium with high-order transverse modes","authors":"Pengfei Zhou, Jinming Huang, Gang Huang, Tianshan Zhang, Jianing Li, Bingxuan Li, Ge Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08430-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08430-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates experimental and numerical simulation methods for achieving frequency degeneracy in high-order modes with orthogonal polarization of a CW diode-pumped Nd: YAG laser. In isotropic crystals, weak phase anisotropy from factors like inhomogeneous dopant distribution can cause polarization eigenmode frequency splitting. While frequency degeneracy can be achieved in the fundamental transverse mode through spot detection and frequency analysis, higher-order modes exhibit more complex frequency characteristics, and their interaction with this mechanism remains unclear. This study explores the polarization eigenmode frequency degeneracy in higher-order modes (TEM₅,₀). By introducing two quarter-wave plates into the resonator, we achieve effective frequency control, leading to polarization frequency degeneracy. Experimentally, we focus on the high-order mode generated by an off-axis laser. The polarization state is successfully controlled by rotating the angles of two quarter-wave plates in the resonator. Consequently, a linearly polarized TEM<sub>5,0</sub> mode laser is produced, reaching a maximum polarization extinction ratio (PER) of 24.77 dB. To further understand this phenomenon, numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the mechanism of polarization frequency degeneracy. The results indicate that the initial phase difference between two polarization eigenmodes, caused by weak birefringence, can be effectively adjusted by fine-tuning orientations of the two quarter-wave plates in the cavity, thereby achieving polarization frequency degeneracy. This study presents a novel approach to polarization control for high-order mode laser.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tunability of a microchip Yb:KGW solid-state laser self-injected with different wavelength-selective external cavities

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08426-x

Haroldo Maestre, Miguel Cuenca, Angela E. Ortega

引用次数: 0

Efficient acousto-optically Q-switched Tm: LuAG laser end-pumped by a laser diode at 1.7 μm

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08432-z

Wensheng Zhang, Linjun Li, Hong Liang

引用次数: 0

Modeling and simulation of amplified spontaneous emission in single-mode-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe bulk amplifiers with beam propagation and equivalent input-noise seeding

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08433-y

Johan Nilsson

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of amplified spontaneous emission in single-mode-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe bulk amplifiers with beam propagation and equivalent input-noise seeding","authors":"Johan Nilsson","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08433-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08433-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate and use the beam propagation method with equivalent input noise for the simulation of narrow-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and signal amplification in continuous-wave Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnSe non-waveguiding “bulk” amplifiers with non-saturating signal and ASE in different configurations with weak reabsorption. Both the incident pump at 1901 nm and the signal at 2410 nm were diffraction-limited gaussian beams. We implemented the equivalent input noise as random realizations of one photon per gridpoint, and showed that this leads to one noise photon per mode. Simulation results of between 100 and 6000 realizations were ensemble-averaged to determine the power spectral density of the ASE in a Monte Carlo approach. We validated the approach by comparing results for single-mode and multimode fiber amplifiers to those obtained with well-established fiber amplifier models. We also calculated the beam quality of the ASE, <span>(:{M}_{ASE}^{2})</span>, from its spatial distribution. We found that under some conditions, but not all, <span>(:{{M}_{ASE}^{2}}^{2})</span> can serve as an estimate of an effective number of ASE modes and, together with the ASE PSD, predict the achievable signal gain. It is also possible to evaluate the PSD per unit solid angle due to spontaneous emission from the input noise seeding, and we found agreement down to the single-photon level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08433-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theoretical and experimental investigation of a dual-wavelength twin-pulse laser with tunable intensity ratio and pulse interval

IF 2 3区物理与天体物理

Applied Physics B Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-025-08390-6

Jian Xu, Long Jin, Yu Liu, Yuan Dong, Yongji Yu, Guangyong Jin

引用次数: 0