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Electrical conductivity and transport mechanisms in Bi-, Cu-, and W-doped BFN ceramic: a theoretical approach
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06212-4
Manel Amara, Fahad N. Almutairi, Nadi Mlihan Alresheedi, J. Dhahri
{"title":"Electrical conductivity and transport mechanisms in Bi-, Cu-, and W-doped BFN ceramic: a theoretical approach","authors":"Manel Amara,&nbsp;Fahad N. Almutairi,&nbsp;Nadi Mlihan Alresheedi,&nbsp;J. Dhahri","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perovskite complex 0.985(BaFe<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)-0.015(BiCu<sub>0.75</sub>W<sub>0.25</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) (0.985BFN-0.015BCW) was successfully prepared using the solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the prepared sample crystallizes in cubic symmetry. Our paper provides an insight into the electrical transport behavior of our compound. Indeed, different conduction models are applied to interpret the electrical conductivity response. It was observed that the transport properties are influenced by hopping mechanisms across different temperature ranges, which explains both the changes in DC conductivity and the movement of charge carriers with temperature variations. This confirms that the charge carriers undergo thermal activation. The variation of the exponent s as a function of temperature indicates the presence of Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (QMT), Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH), Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling (NSPT), and Overlapping Large Polaron Tunneling (OLPT) in the transport properties. At the temperature range [160–540 K], the AC conductivity is found to obey “double Jonscher power law.” Besides, the frequency dependence of the conductivity obeys “single Jonscher power law” at higher temperatures. Additionally, the conductivity spectrum shows a high-frequency plateau, which suggests percolation behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gravitomagnetic monopoles in gravitoelectromagnetism
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06207-1
Armando Garza, Carlos Luna, Jairzinho Ramos
{"title":"Gravitomagnetic monopoles in gravitoelectromagnetism","authors":"Armando Garza,&nbsp;Carlos Luna,&nbsp;Jairzinho Ramos","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06207-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06207-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review Maxwell’s equations, incorporating magnetic monopoles, and derive the electric and magnetic fields applying the Helmholtz decomposition. By extending this decomposition to symmetric traceless tensors, we obtain the gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields through the Maxwell-like equations of gravitoelectromagnetism with gravitomagnetic monopoles naturally present in them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chern–simons states of photons and gravitons
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06193-4
Z. Haba
{"title":"Chern–simons states of photons and gravitons","authors":"Z. Haba","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06193-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06193-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider an alternative quantization of the electromagnetic field around the Chern–Simons state <span>(psi _{text {CS}})</span> which is a zero energy solution of quantum electrodynamics. The solution determines a stochastic process which is a random perturbation of the self-duality equation for the electromagnetic potential <span>(textbf{A})</span>. The stochastic process defines a solution of the Schrödinger equation with the initial condition <span>(psi _{text {CS}}chi)</span> where <span>(chi (textbf{A}))</span> is an analytic function of <span>(textbf{A})</span> decaying fast at large <span>(textbf{A})</span>. The method can be applied to a quantization of non-Abelian gauge theories by means of a stochastic self-duality equation. A quantization of massless spin 2 tensor fields (based on self-duality) and its extension to a quantization of gravity are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The study of high-efficiency pion production
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06164-9
Weichao Yao, Masaharu Aoki, Chen Wu, Kou Oishi, Yoshinori Fukao
{"title":"The study of high-efficiency pion production","authors":"Weichao Yao,&nbsp;Masaharu Aoki,&nbsp;Chen Wu,&nbsp;Kou Oishi,&nbsp;Yoshinori Fukao","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06164-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06164-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An optimization study was conducted on low-energy pion production using a cylindrical tungsten target for the COMET Phase-II experiment, taking into account recent measurements of proton-beam emittance. The study suggests factor 1.6 of improvement in pion production efficiency by reducing the target radius down to 4 mm. This enhancement is attributed to the reduction in the emittance of the proton beam. Further increases in target radius simply reduce the yield of low-energy pions and, consequently, the stopping rate of low-energy muons in the muon stopping target. The analysis reveals that the pion production spectrum at higher momentum cannot compensate for the limitations imposed by the range–momentum curve of pions. There is a potential further improvement in low-energy pion production with an ideally narrow proton beam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06164-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prigogine–Resibois master equation with power-law kernel: quantum dynamics with memory
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06106-5
Vasily E. Tarasov
{"title":"Prigogine–Resibois master equation with power-law kernel: quantum dynamics with memory","authors":"Vasily E. Tarasov","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06106-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06106-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Prigogine–Resibois master equations is valid in the general case, regardless of the initial correlations, and make it possible to describe exactly strongly coupled systems. In this paper, exact solutions of the Prigogine–Resibois master equation with power-law kernel (PLK) are derived. To solve this equation we use methods of fractional calculus (FC) and theory of equations with derivatives with non-integer orders. Using the first fundamental theorem of FC, the Prigogine–Resibois master equation with PLK is represented as a fractional differential equation with the Caputo fractional derivative of arbitrary order greater than one. Then, solution of the Cauchy problem with this fractional differential equation is derived. Some properties of these solutions, which are represented via the two-parameter Mittag–Leffler function, are considered. Asymptotic behaviors of the solutions are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dose comparison of slowing-down protons and secondary electrons by gold nanoparticle in proton therapy: simulation study
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06197-0
Farshid Tabbakh
{"title":"Dose comparison of slowing-down protons and secondary electrons by gold nanoparticle in proton therapy: simulation study","authors":"Farshid Tabbakh","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06197-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06197-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A large number of researches on using gold nanoparticle in proton therapy have focused only on the effect of the secondary electrons in enhancing the radio-sensitization. Although experimental studies have addressed the significant impact of gold nanoparticles, simulations have shown that the electrons ejected from nanoparticles cause only a small enhancement within nanometer range from the nanoparticle, according to several publications. The disagreement has been explained in the present study by introducing the proton slowing-down mechanism as another contributor in dose enhancement in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The protons traversing the nanoparticles are slowed-down, leading to slight increase in their LET and, consequently, the extra dose induction in medium. This mechanism acts in a longer distance from gold nanoparticle within micrometer range. The contributions of both mechanisms to radio-sensitization enhancement have been compared, and the total elevated dose has been quantified. Additionally, the LET increase with respect to different nanoparticle sizes has been investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formation and decay dynamics of (^{158})Tb(^{*}) compound nucleus formed in (^{6})Li+(^{152})Sm reaction
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06191-6
Rajni, Gudveen Sawhney, Ajay Kumar Rai, Manoj K. Sharma
{"title":"Formation and decay dynamics of (^{158})Tb(^{*}) compound nucleus formed in (^{6})Li+(^{152})Sm reaction","authors":"Rajni,&nbsp;Gudveen Sawhney,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Rai,&nbsp;Manoj K. Sharma","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06191-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06191-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present analysis, the formation and the decay of <span>(^{158})</span>Tb<span>(^{*})</span> compound nucleus formed via <span>(^{6})</span>Li +<span>(^{152})</span>Sm reaction is studied. The energy density functional theory based on the Skyrme effective interaction is used to calculate the nuclear potential. Within the frameworks of Wong and <span>(ell)</span>-summed Wong formula, the fusion process is examined and for the decay, the dynamical cluster decay model is used. The complete fusion cross-section shows decent agreement with experimental data with <span>(ell)</span>-summed Wong formula which otherwise indicate <span>(sim)</span>35<span>(%)</span> suppression at higher incident energies with Wong formula. The decay part of lanthanide compound nucleus <span>(^{158})</span>Tb<span>(^{*})</span> is investigated using the concept of nuclear surface polarization effects (SPE) in which the complete fusion (CF) and incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics is explored in view of fragmentation potential, preformation probability and penetrability of decaying fragments. The SPE is also tested on neck-length and barrier modification parameters. Along with this, the evaporation cross-sections in aforementioned decay processes are calculated using angle dependent and angle independent diffuseness parameter. Our results indicate that the SPE significantly influence the excitation functions and related dynamics of lanthanide compound nucleus as the experimentally reported CF and ICF cross-section for <span>(^{158})</span>Tb<span>(^{*})</span> system are found to be nicely fitted when angle dependent diffuseness is incorporated in the nuclear potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of local and global awareness campaigns on malaria transmission: A mathematical model with protected human class and optimal control approach
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06206-2
Fahad Al Basir, Juan J. Nieto, Aeshah A. Raezah, Teklebirhan Abraha
{"title":"Impact of local and global awareness campaigns on malaria transmission: A mathematical model with protected human class and optimal control approach","authors":"Fahad Al Basir,&nbsp;Juan J. Nieto,&nbsp;Aeshah A. Raezah,&nbsp;Teklebirhan Abraha","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06206-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06206-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents a mathematical model to study malaria transmission dynamics influenced by awareness campaigns and optimal control strategies. Protected human class is included as a model variable that can be increased by social media awareness and treatment, as a result, infected cases are reduced. The nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions of the model are analyzed. The proposed model possesses two equilibria, namely the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium point. The disease-free equilibrium point is stable when the basic reproduction number, <span>({mathcal {R}}_0&lt;1)</span> and endemic equilibrium exists when <span>({mathcal {R}}_0&gt;1)</span>. Consequently, forward bifurcation occurs at <span>({mathcal {R}}_0=1)</span>. Sensitivity analysis is provided which identifies the more important parameters of the model system related to the disease transmission. Finally, optimal control theory has been applied to maximize the number of protected human and minimize the cost of malaria management. The optimal problem comprises of three control parameters, and it is solved using the ‘maximum principle.’ This study concluded that public awareness is important for malaria control, and a combination of awareness-based interventions such as use of bed nets, spraying insecticides, and treatment can optimally increase the protected human as well as minimize the malaria cases cost-effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biaxiality dependence of helical pitch, spontaneous polarization and tilt angle in the chiral smectic-C phase of the smectic-A to chiral smectic-C phase transition
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06205-3
Prabir K. Mukherjee
{"title":"Biaxiality dependence of helical pitch, spontaneous polarization and tilt angle in the chiral smectic-C phase of the smectic-A to chiral smectic-C phase transition","authors":"Prabir K. Mukherjee","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06205-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06205-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biaxiality dependence of helical pitch, spontaneous polarization and tilt angle in the chiral smectic-C (SmC <sup>*</sup>) phase of the smectic-A to chiral smectic-C (SmA-SmC<sup>*</sup>) phase transition has been studied in the context of Landau–Ginzburg theory. The behavior of biaxiality as a function of temperature in the SmC<sup>*</sup> phase of the SmA-SmC<sup>*</sup> phase transition has been modeled. The dependence of biaxiality on the helical pitch, spontaneous polarization, and tilt angle in the SmC<sup>*</sup> phase has been discussed. The results indicate that the biaxial order and chirality are strongly interconnected with each other.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physical aspects of the deformation of (mathbb {Z}_2) kinks in a generalized (phi ^4) model
IF 2.8 3区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06203-5
F. C. E. Lima, C. A. S. Almeida, Rodolfo Casana
{"title":"Physical aspects of the deformation of (mathbb {Z}_2) kinks in a generalized (phi ^4) model","authors":"F. C. E. Lima,&nbsp;C. A. S. Almeida,&nbsp;Rodolfo Casana","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06203-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06203-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study a generalized <span>(phi ^4)</span> model that gives rise to BPS kink–antikink configurations with compacton-like profiles. One observes that the positive parameter controlling the generalizing function promotes an infinity degeneracy of the BPS solutions. We then use the Differential Configurational Complexity technique to distinguish the degenerate configurations, which allows us to obtain the parameter values providing the most likely field profiles. Besides, the analysis of the excitation spectrum of the model shows the existence of translational and vibrational modes. Thus, the emergence of bound states of solitons (bions) and resonance phenomena is guaranteed when analyzing the scattering of kink–antikink structures. In this way, one notes that depending on the initial velocity, the collision can be inelastic or quasi-elastic, even in the case of compacton-like configurations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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