The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Design optimization and performance evaluation of domestic biogas cookstove burner using numerical approach","authors":"Dhananjay Singh Yadav,&nbsp;Bireswar Paul,&nbsp;Akshoy Ranjan Paul","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07695-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07695-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has driven the development of domestic biogas cookstoves as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional cooking methods. With biogas, emerging as a key renewable fuel, optimizing cookstove performance has become essential. This study investigates the design and optimization of a domestic biogas cookstove burner mixing tube assembly using a numerical methodology to assess its flow characteristics and combustion performance. The aim is to enhance the uniformity of the fuel flow, port exit velocity and quality of mixture at the ports to improve the combustion performance and flame stability. Additionally, the impact of fuel flow rate, loading height, and vessel size on the overall heat transfer rate and thermal efficiency has been examined. The influence of key design parameters including mixing tube geometry, fuel nozzle size, fuel pressure at nozzle inlet and primary air entrainment through annular and side ports, was systematically investigated. By incorporating a 100% annular port or a 10 mm side port by positioning the nozzle at + 3 mm relative to the side-port centre, the burner assembly can achieve an equivalence ratio of ≈ 1.4 indicating a partially premixed air–fuel mixture at the burner ports. Combustion analysis demonstrates that the flame temperature and thermal efficiency of cookstove were higher at the lower fuel flow rates but declined with increasing flow rate of fuel due to reduction in the heat interaction to vessel walls. The cookstove achieves maximum thermal efficiency of approximately 56% at a loading height of 26.5 mm, with the vessel size (diameter = 260 mm, height = 140 mm) optimized to ensure an efficient flame-vessel interaction. These findings provide valuable insights into a promising design approach for biogas cookstove, highlighting the effect of key parameters on flow characteristics and combustion performance.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamics around new wormhole solutions in extended teleparallel gravity coupled with Euler-Heisenberg electrodynamics","authors":"Allah Ditta,&nbsp;G. Mustafa,&nbsp;Saba Mehmood,&nbsp;Farruh Atamurotov,&nbsp;Orhan Dönmez,&nbsp;S. K. Maurya,&nbsp;Sardor Murodov","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07659-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07659-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the thermodynamic properties and dynamical stability of wormhole solutions within the framework of extended teleparallel gravity coupled with nonlinear Euler-Heisenberg electrodynamics, taking two redshift models. A viable shape function satisfying all Morris-Thorne geometric constraints is constructed, and the generalized first law of wormhole thermodynamics, together with the corresponding surface-gravity analog, is employed to derive key thermodynamic quantities. The analysis reveals distinctive features absent in black hole spacetimes: the wormhole temperature and its Hawking-like counterpart admit negative values, indicating a stable equilibrium sustained by exotic matter. Both the work density and total energy remain negative, preventing gravitational collapse, while the energy flux exhibits a persistent outward removal of energy, further confirming the exotic character of the supporting material. The specific heat shows a stable phase in the vicinity of the throat followed by a transition to instability at larger radii, reflecting the delicate thermodynamic balance. In addition, the energy emission spectrum increases with electric charge as a result of enhanced nonlinear electrodynamic effects, yet remains finite because of the absence of an event horizon. Overall, our results suggest that wormholes in this framework exhibit thermodynamically consistent behavior and may represent dynamically viable configurations, offering novel insights into horizonless exotic objects and the role of exotic matter in extended gravitational theories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color image encryption based on 3D-LECCS-driven chaotic dynamic partitioning and coding cascaded diffusion","authors":"Xinling Tian,&nbsp;Mingxu Wang,&nbsp;Chunpeng Wang,&nbsp;Lin Teng,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhou,&nbsp;Yong Mao","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07730-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07730-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At present, low-dimensional chaotic systems have deficiencies such as insufficient randomness, limited key space, and uneven sequence distribution, which make the security performance and anti-attack ability of the color image encryption algorithms constructed based on them insufficient and easy to be cracked, thus restricting the application of chaotic theory in the field of image encryption. In response to the above issues, this paper first constructs a three-dimensional dynamical system and proposes a three-dimensional logarithmic-exponential type trigonometrically (sin, cos) coupled chaotic dynamical system (3D-LECCS), this 3D-LECCS is explicitly defined as a globally bounded volume-expanding hyperchaotic system. Meanwhile, through bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, sample entropy, permutation entropy, 0–1 chaotic state determination, NIST, and multistability analysis, the hyperchaotic characteristics and complex phase space motion behavior of 3D-LECCS are verified. Secondly, by leveraging the cryptographic properties of this system, a dynamic mapping cascaded encoding encryption mechanism for color images driven by 3D-LECCS (LECCS-CIEA) is designed. This scheme builds a strong nonlinear coupling correlation among the RGB three channels of color images through dynamic spatial partitioning cross-channel remapping and encoding cascaded XOR diffusion strategy. Finally, through theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, it is verified that LECCS-CIEA has good security and anti-attack ability. At the same time, the excellent chaotic performance of 3D-LECCS is also verified, confirming its reliability as an encryption entropy source.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed neural network (PINN) modeling of charged particle multiplicity using the two-component framework in heavy-ion collisions: a comparison with data-driven neural networks","authors":"Akash Das,&nbsp;Satya Ranjan Nayak,&nbsp;B. K. Singh","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07716-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07716-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we employ a conventional deep neural network (NN) framework integrated with physics-based constraints to predict charged hadron multiplicity (<span>(N_{text {ch}})</span>) in heavy-ion collisions. The goal is to assess the performance of a purely data-driven deep neural network in comparison to a physics-informed neural network (PINN). To accomplish this, we have taken data generated from the HYDJET++ model for testing and training purposes. We train our neural network frameworks using the data of one million individual <span>(^{96}_{40}text {Zr}+^{96}_{40}text {Zr})</span> collision events. Our PINN successfully extracts the hard-scattering fraction (<i>x</i>) by learning its underlying relation from the event data. For further testing and comparison with the conventional NN, we take data of <span>(^{96}_{44}text {Ru}+^{96}_{44}text {Ru})</span> (isobar of Zr) and <span>(^{197}_{79}text {Au}+^{197}_{79}text {Au})</span> collisions using the same simulation model. Once trained, the PINN demonstrates improved predictive performance on data not encountered during training, such as Au+Au collision results. Especially in regions of sparse data, corresponding to high <span>(N_{text {ch}})</span> in our study, the PINN shows a clear advantage over a purely data-driven neural network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential and toxic heavy metal analysis for seeds and root parts of medicinal herbs with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry","authors":"Sana Thamer Kadhem,&nbsp;Muhanad Alrakabi,&nbsp;Jabbar M. Rashid","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07692-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07692-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional Iraqi medicinal herbs, utilized for therapeutic purposes, are regarded as valuable suppliers of numerous vital elements that play a significant part in various metabolic functions. The Instrumental Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) has been utilized to identify the elements C, O, Mg, Cl, Ca, K, P, S, Na, Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe, Co, Si, V, Ti, U, Al, Pt, and Pd in 25 medicinal herbs frequently employed in Iraqi households and in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of various conditions. The SEM-MED reveals that the two elements carbon C and oxygen O are detected in all the herbs and the carbon C is the dominant element detected at high concentration followed by oxygen O, chromium Cr, and magnesium Mg elements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave propagation in microelongated thermoelastic media via exponential models with one and two relaxations","authors":"Ashraf M. Zenkour,&nbsp;Ashraf M. Allehaibi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07694-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07694-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates two-dimensional deformation and wave propagation in a thermoelastic microelongated solid within the framework of the exponential Lord–Shulman (LS) and Green–Lindsay (GL) generalized thermoelastic theories. The coupled governing equations are formulated for all relevant field variables and solved using the Laplace transform to reduce the time-dependent partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations in the transform domain, followed by numerical inversion to recover the time-domain solutions. Numerical results for the microelongation scalar, displacements, dilatation, temperature, and stress components are obtained and graphically illustrated. Comparisons show that the classical thermoelasticity model significantly underpredicts both displacements and stresses relative to the refined exponential formulations, highlighting the importance of the operator expansion order in accurately describing the mechanical response. Additionally, the results show clear theory-dependent behavior, with GL models showing relatively softer characteristics and LS models showing a stiffer response and higher stress levels. Additionally, convergence toward asymptotic values validates the stability and internal consistency of the suggested formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lump-breather collisions and multi-wave resonances in a higher-dimensional Painlevé-type evolution equation through a bilinear neural modeling","authors":"Mati ur Rahman,&nbsp;Sonia Akram","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07507-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07507-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate the generalized <span>((3+1))</span>-dimensional Painlevé-type nonlinear evolution equation introduced by Mohan et al. (Nonlinear Dyn. 111(21):20275–20288, 2023), which models complex wave phenomena in nonlinear optics, hydrodynamic flows, plasma dynamics, and higher-dimensional field theory. The contribution of the present study lies not in proposing a new mathematical model, but in constructing and classifying explicit analytical solution families within the Hirota bilinear framework. To this end, we employ an improved bilinear symbolic parametrization in which multilayer notation is used solely to organize trial functions composed of exponential, trigonometric, and polynomial components. Various parametrization configurations are utilized to derive admissible parameter families and corresponding closed-form solutions. The resulting solution classes include periodic-soliton states, breather-type modes, multi-wave interactions, lump-type structures, and hybrid periodic-soliton patterns. Three-dimensional surface plots and contour visualizations illustrate amplitude modulation, interference effects, and multiscale evolution of the constructed waveforms. No learning, training, optimization, or data-driven generalization is involved; all parameters are obtained analytically through substitution into the bilinear equation followed by coefficient balancing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-selective transition metal doping and antiferromagnetic order in (hbox{HfS}_2) monolayer; a first-principles study","authors":"Abdullah,&nbsp;Altaf Ur Rahman,&nbsp;Jorge Luiz Pimentel Jr.,&nbsp;Muhammad Waqas Iqbal,&nbsp;Sergio Garcia Magalhaes,&nbsp;Guang-hua Guo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07741-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07741-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of HfS<span>(_2)</span> monolayers doped with transition metals (Cr, Fe, Mn, Co) using first-principles calculations. Pure HfS<span>(_2)</span> is non-magnetic and an indirect-bandgap semiconductor. Substitutional TM doping, especially at S-sites, induces magnetism, tunes the bandgap, and enhances the magnetic ordering temperature, making HfS<span>(_2)</span> suitable for spintronic applications. Doping creates structural changes and introduces new electronic states, resulting in local magnetic moments for single dopants. All doped structures are confirmed to be structurally and thermally stable, as evidenced by negative formation energies and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our calculations reveal significant dopant magnetic moments induced by doping, with values of approximately 1.07 <span>(upmu_{textrm{B}})</span>, 1.92 <span>(upmu_{textrm{B}})</span>, 1.76 <span>(upmu_{textrm{B}})</span>, 2.88 <span>(upmu_{textrm{B}})</span>, and 1.45 <span>(upmu_{textrm{B}})</span> for Cr<span>(_{mathrm{Hf-site}})</span>, Cr<span>(_{mathrm{S-site}})</span>, Mn<span>(_{mathrm{S-site}})</span>, Fe<span>(_{mathrm{S-site}})</span>, and Co<span>(_{mathrm{S-site}})</span>, respectively. Significant magnetic moments appear, especially for Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co at S-sites, and S-site doping is more stable than Hf-site doping. Band structure analysis shows a shift from semiconducting to half-metallic (Cr at Hf-site) or metallic (Cr at S-site) character. Extending our study to higher dopant concentration and varying the dopant separation distances, we considered two configurations. Both 2Cr-doped configurations are antiferromagnetic, with S-site doping showing stronger coupling. Two-dopant configurations at S-sites demonstrate Néel temperatures (<span>(T_{textrm{N}}^{textrm{corr}})</span>) of 274 K (near S-sites) and 352 K (far S-sites), indicating possible long-range magnetic ordering above room temperature. Site-specific TM doping, particularly at S-sites, is a promising method to induce robust magnetism in HfS<span>(_2)</span> monolayers for room-temperature spintronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic fields and magnetized particles around black holes in braneworlds","authors":"Abubakir Shermatov,&nbsp;Javlon Rayimbaev,&nbsp;Sardor Murodov,&nbsp;Mardon Abdullaev,&nbsp;Sardor Jumaniyozov,&nbsp;Bahran Shermatov,&nbsp;Aybek Seytov","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07707-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07707-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the motion and interactions of particles with magnetic dipole moments in the vicinity of magnetized black holes in the braneworld model. The analysis begins by solving Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic potentials in the presence of an external uniform magnetic field, incorporating the brane parameter’s influence on the field’s radial and angular components. The effective potential governing particle dynamics is derived, and expressions for the energy and angular momentum of circular orbits are obtained. Particular attention is given to the role of the tidal charge and magnetic interaction parameter in determining the location and stability of circular orbits. The innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is examined in detail, showing that an increase in the brane parameter shifts the ISCO inward, while a stronger magnetic interaction pushes it outward. The study also explores collisions of magnetized particles near the black hole horizon. Conditions for critical angular momentum are identified, highlighting the thresholds that separate bound orbits from plunging or escaping trajectories. The center-of-mass energy of the colliding particles is then computed, revealing how both brane effects and magnetic interactions affect it. The results demonstrate that while braneworld corrections enhance collision energies, strong magnetic coupling suppresses them, thereby moderating the unbounded values predicted in simpler models. These findings offer new insights into the dynamics of magnetized matter near black holes, providing potential observational signatures relevant to high-energy astrophysical processes, such as accretion flows, cosmic-ray acceleration, and the formation of relativistic jets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higgs self-coupling measurement at a linear collider at 550 GeV","authors":"Mikael Berggren,&nbsp;Bryan Bliewert,&nbsp;Jenny List,&nbsp;Dimitris Ntounis,&nbsp;Taikan Suehara,&nbsp;Junping Tian,&nbsp;Julie Munch Torndal,&nbsp;Caterina Vernieri","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07697-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07697-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Higgs mechanism is essential for the success of the Standard Model (SM) and can be experimentally verified with the determination of the Higgs self-coupling. As the simplest model of a Higgs potential, the SM provides a clear prediction of the Higgs self-coupling in terms of the Higgs boson mass and the vacuum expectation value. Any deviations would indicate physics beyond the SM and help guide extended Higgs models. At large enough centre-of-mass energies, double-Higgs production provides tree-level sensitivity to the trilinear Higgs self-coupling. At 550 GeV the leading production mode in <span>({text {e}}^{+} {text {e}}^{-})</span> comes from di-Higgs strahlung with a small contribution from <span>(text {W} text {W})</span>-fusion. The most up-to-date ILD projections are extrapolated based on a full simulation analysis from 2014 by incorporating expected improvements in flavour tagging and kinematic reconstruction for event selection and are presented in this contribution together with the ongoing re-analysis using fast SGV (Simulation a Grande Vitesse) simulations of the ILD detector concept on a full SM background including the aforementioned state-of-the-art reconstruction and analysis tools.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07697-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}