The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic radiation shielding performance of Cu-based ternary alloys for multifunctional gamma, beta, and neutron radiation protection","authors":"Karam Myasar Abdulazeez,&nbsp;Waheed Abdi Sheekhoo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06802-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06802-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study systematically evaluates the radiation shielding performance of ternary Cu–Zn–Al alloys against gamma rays, beta particles, and neutrons for nuclear, medical, and aerospace applications. Seven alloys with varied Zn and Al contents were produced by arc melting and analyzed using Phy-X/PSD, NGCal, and NIST ESTAR. For 0.662 MeV gamma rays, Cu70Zn2Al28 (A7) showed the highest mass attenuation coefficient (0.0731 cm²/g), indicating suitability for lightweight shielding. Cu70Zn28Al2 (A1) delivered the highest linear attenuation coefficient (0.5061 cm⁻¹), the shortest mean free path (1.97 cm), and the lowest half-value layer (1.369 cm), enabling compact, high-efficiency gamma attenuation. For beta radiation, A1 provided the best overall stopping power by balancing collisional and radiative losses, while A7 exhibited superior radiative stopping power at higher energies, favorable for specific industrial uses. Neutron analyses identified A1 as the top performer, with the highest linear attenuation coefficients for thermal (0.2216 cm⁻¹) and fast (0.0268 cm⁻¹) neutrons, along with short mean free paths and half-value layers. In conclusion, Cu–Zn–Al alloys offer tunable, multifunctional radiation protection, with A7 preferred for weight-sensitive applications and A1 for compact, high-performance shielding, informing the design of advanced, nontoxic, mechanically robust materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological exposure evaluation along the beaches of Limbe—Cameroon: experimental and monte Carlo-based organ dose evaluation from natural radionuclides","authors":"Jean Mineur Ndieula,&nbsp;Eric Jilbert Nguelem Mekongtso,&nbsp;Réne Yamapi,&nbsp;Maurice Ndontchueng Moyo,&nbsp;Cebastien Joel Guembou Shouop","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06778-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06778-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated natural radioactivity levels and associated radiation doses from beach sands from Limbe, Cameroon, to assess potential public exposure. Sand samples from Batoké, Down Beach, and Limbola, along Cameroon’s Atlantic coast, were analysed using high-resolution gamma spectrometry with a Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector to determine the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰ K). Measured values were found within global average levels. Radiological hazard parameters, including absorbed dose rate (54.29 nGy/h), annual effective dose (66.59 µSv/yr), radium equivalent activity (119.37 Bq/kg), and external hazard index (0.32), were all below international safety limits, indicating negligible radiological risk for individuals spending time at various beaches. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the Particle and Heavy Ions Transport code System were used to estimate organ-specific doses for adult male and female anatomies from measured radionuclide concentrations. The obtained results indicate the highest exposure in the lower extremities due to proximity to ground radiation, with significant sex-based differences, with testes receiving up to 223.26 µSv/year versus 166.03 µSv/year for ovaries. Separate occupancy factors were applied for frequent beach workers and occasional visitors. Cancer risk assessment showed a low but non-trivial lifetime risk, especially with prolonged exposure. MC-derived dose estimates, reflecting anatomical realism and posture, provide a robust basis for radiological health risk projections. Overall, results indicate negligible radiological risk for typical beach use, while providing detailed organ dose data for different exposure groups. These findings establish a baseline for future monitoring and potential risk mapping of coastal radiation exposure in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the structure of (eta _c(3945))","authors":"Bing-Dong Wan","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06749-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06749-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inspired by the charmonium(-like) state of <span>(eta _c(3945))</span> reported by LHCb recently, we examine its tetraquark and molecular interpretations in the framework of QCD sum rules, and <span>(eta _c(nS))</span> states interpretation in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism and <span>(^3P_0)</span> model. Results show that the masses of <span>(0^{-+})</span> hidden-charm tetraquark and molecular are <span>((4.56pm 0.03))</span> GeV and <span>((4.67pm 0.03))</span> GeV, respectively, which do not fit well with the mass of the <span>(eta _c(3945))</span>. On the other hand, the mass and decay width of <span>(eta _c(3S))</span> state is 3.95 GeV and 65.28 MeV, respectively, which indicates that <span>(eta _c(3945))</span> could be embedded into <span>(3 ^1S_0)</span> charmonium configuration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescent sensors with differential fading for nuclear safeguards","authors":"Gianpaolo Roina,&nbsp;Debora Siqueira Nascimento,&nbsp;Riccardo Ciolini,&nbsp;Francesco d’Errico","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06774-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06774-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In pursuing the nuclear safeguards objective of timely detecting the diversion of significant quantities of nuclear material to forbidden purposes, containment and surveillance (C/S) measures and monitoring address the need for maintaining the continuity of knowledge of a safeguarded area or item over the period between two successive inspections. However, unattended and remote-monitoring devices often comprise complex electronic components and circuits that make them potentially vulnerable to tampering and snooping. In this work, we assessed the feasibility of a passive, tamper-indicating device that should be able to record and, most importantly, timestamp a hypothetical undeclared removal of radioactive material from a storage area. The differential time- and temperature-dependent signal loss occurring in peaks II and III of the thermoluminescent curve of LiF:Mg,Cu,P appeared to serve the purpose adequately. We irradiated numerous batches of similarly responding (± 5%) GR-200A crystals using a 2.22 MBq Ra-226 radioactive source. We then staggered their readouts to reconstruct the time evolution of peak area ratios. In pilot testing, estimations of the time elapsed since exposure showed an uncertainty of ± 1 day and ± 1 week over, respectively, the 1st week and the first 2 months.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering and harnessing long-range interactions for atomic quantum simulators","authors":"Javier Argüello-Luengo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06782-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06782-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interactions between quantum particles, such as electrons, are the source of important effects, ranging from superconductivity, to the formation of molecular bonds, or the stability of elementary compounds at high energies. In this article, we illustrate how advances in the cold-atom community to further engineer such long-range interactions have stimulated the simulation of new regimes of these fundamental many-body problems. The goal is twofold: first, to provide a comprehensive review of the different strategies proposed and/or experimentally realized to induce long-range interactions among atoms moving in optical potentials. Second, to showcase various fields where such platforms can offer new insights, ranging from the simulation of condensed matter phenomena to the study of lattice-gauge theories, and the simulation of electronic configurations in chemistry. We then discuss the challenges and opportunities of these platforms compared to other complementary approaches based on digital simulation and quantum computation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling global asymptotic stability of malaria dynamics with structured infectious population","authors":"Kashif Ali,&nbsp;M. A. Abdelkawy,&nbsp;Ali Raza,&nbsp;S. F. Abimbade,&nbsp;Syed T. R. Rizvi,&nbsp;Ibtehal Alazman,&nbsp;Aly R. Seadawy","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06818-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06818-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last few decades, malaria has become a serious risk to public health, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical areas where the climate is favorable for mosquito breeding. These insects are the primary carriers of the disease, transmitting it to humans through their bites. Here, we have formulated a mathematical framework that explores malaria transmission, incorporating a structured infectious population. Numerous dynamical system methodologies are instrumentalized in studying the malaria model in human-vector interacting populations. Firstly, we have proved that the model state variables has non-negative and bounded solutions throughout time. Then, we have obtained the threshold parameter <span>({mathcal {R}}_m,)</span> by employing the next generation operator approach. We have proved that the proposed malaria model is stable locally and globally in an asymptotic manner by calculating the Jacobian matrix and Lyapunov function theory if <span>({mathcal {R}}_m&lt;1)</span>. The malaria model is shown to have a unique endemic equilibrium point whenever the basic reproductive number <span>({mathcal {R}}_m&gt;1)</span>. Consequently, the unique malaria-endemic steady point of the proposed malaria model is proven to be globally stable provided that <span>({mathcal {R}}_m&gt;1)</span>. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to capture the most significant parameter causing malaria transmission and controlling in the human population. Furthermore, simulations are performed to support the qualitative results of the study, and the results are graphically presented.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How effective oversampling techniques are in classifying potentially hazardous asteroids","authors":"Md. Sadman,&nbsp;Mir Sakhawat Hossain","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06783-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06783-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Potentially hazardous asteroids require strict surveillance to ensure the safety of our planet. However, the vast amount of increasing astronomical data makes it troublesome for humans to study these asteroids. Hence, machine learning techniques are used to classify these hazardous asteroids. However, machine learning models are not robust for distinguishing imbalanced classes. Various undersampling and oversampling techniques are used to address this problem. In our study, we refrained from using any undersampling technique as we did not want to lose any valuable information. Instead, we employed various oversampling techniques, including random Oversampling, SMOTE (Synthetic minority over-sampling technique), ADASYN (Adaptive Synthetic Sampling), BorderlineSmote, KMeansSmote, and SVMSmote. For each oversampling technique, we trained the Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, HistGradientBoosting, and AdaBoost classifiers. Our research presents a detailed study of these oversampling techniques to determine which one is more suitable for our dataset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid compton-PET imaging for ion-range verification: a preclinical study for proton, helium, and carbon therapy at HIT","authors":"Javier Balibrea-Correa,&nbsp;Jorge Lerendegui-Marco,&nbsp;Ion Ladarescu,&nbsp;Sergio Morell,&nbsp;Carlos Guerrero,&nbsp;Teresa Rodríguez-González,&nbsp;Maria del Carmen Jiménez-Ramos,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Quesada,&nbsp;Julia Bauer,&nbsp;Stephan Brons,&nbsp;César Domingo-Pardo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06817-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06817-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhanced-accuracy ion-range verification in real time shall enable a significant step forward in the use of therapeutic ion beams. Positron-emission tomography (PET) and prompt-gamma imaging (PGI) are two of the most promising and researched methodologies, both of them with their own advantages and challenges. Thus far, both of them have been explored for ion-range verification in an independent way. However, the simultaneous combination of PET and PGI within the same imaging framework may open-up the possibility to exploit more efficiently all radiative emissions excited in the tissue by the ion beam. Here, we report on the first preclinical implementation of an hybrid PET-PGI imaging system, hereby exploring its performance over several ion beam species (H, He and C), energies (55–275 MeV) and intensities (<span>(10^7)</span>-<span>(10^9)</span> ions/spot), which are representative of clinical conditions. The measurements were carried out using the pencil-beam scanning technique at the synchrotron accelerator of the heavy ion therapy center in Heidelberg utilizing an array of four Compton cameras in a twofold front-to-front configuration. The results demonstrate that the hybrid PET-PGI technique can be well suited for relatively low energies (55–155 MeV) and beams of protons. On the other hand, for heavier beams of helium and carbon ions at higher energies (155–275 MeV), range monitoring becomes more challenging owing to large backgrounds from additional nuclear processes. The experimental results are well understood on the basis of realistic Monte Carlo calculations, which show a satisfactory agreement with the measured data. This work can guide further upgrades of the hybrid PET-PGI system toward a clinical implementation of this innovative technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06817-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coriolis-induced modifications to thermosolutal instability in Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluids","authors":"V. Tejaswini,&nbsp;S. B. Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06806-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06806-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The competing influences of rotation-induced Coriolis force and solutal buoyancy on thermal convection in a Navier–Stokes–Voigt fluid layer are investigated. Analytical expressions are derived for the thresholds of both stationary and oscillatory instabilities. A notable outcome is the emergence of closed oscillatory neutral curves, detached from the stationary branches under certain parameter regimes. Unlike the conventional single-threshold criterion, these curves necessitate three distinct thermal Rayleigh numbers to fully delineate the stability boundary. The analysis further reveals instability behaviors not previously reported in either thermosolutal convection or rotating thermal convection of Kelvin–Voigt fluids. Interestingly, under specific parametric conditions, rotation and a stabilizing solute gradient—each suppressing convection in isolation—can together hasten the onset of oscillatory instability, thereby uncovering a counterintuitive destabilizing interaction. The Kelvin–Voigt elasticity parameter exerts an additional decisive influence, alternately amplifying or mitigating instability depending on the regime. The established results for thermosolutal convection and rotating thermal convection are recovered in the appropriate limiting cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact-like pulses along a low-pass reaction–diffusion electrical network with second-neighbor interactions effects","authors":"Désiré Ndjanfang,&nbsp;Muluh Fombu Andrew,&nbsp;William Kamgaing Mabou,&nbsp;Nkeh Oma Nfor,&nbsp;David Yemélé,&nbsp;Timoléon Crépin Kofané","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06792-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06792-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analytically and numerically explores the effects of second-neighbor interactions on the propagation and on the compact parameters of a compact-like wave packet in a low-pass reaction–diffusion electrical transmission line with the intersite circuit elements acting as nonlinear resistances. For the small amplitude signals in the network, the model equations are derived using Kirchhoff laws, which are eventually transformed to a family of nonlinear Burgers equation via the continuum limit approximations. Cusp, peak and compact-like solitary wave solutions of the equation have been derived, depending on the sign of the product of the nonlinearity coefficients. The width is related to the coefficients of the nonlinear dispersive terms and independent of its wave amplitude. The second-neighbor couplings generally well influence the wave width, increase the bandwidth frequencies of the network, modify group velocity and energy transmission of the wave during propagation. It is obvious that the second-neighbor interactions may equally trigger the simultaneous propagation of two nonlinear waves with the same frequency and minimize the dissipative effects on the compact-like pulse voltage signal of the nonlinear electrical transmission line. Our proposed electrical circuit has potential applications in high-speed electronic devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}