The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Fluid inertia limits microporous flow efficiency","authors":"Simon Hadjaje,&nbsp;Jolet de Ruiter,&nbsp;William N. Bodé,&nbsp;Kaare H. Jensen","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06658-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06658-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the continual development of novel materials—graphene membranes are a notable example—we approach the holy grail of filtration: a system that combines the seemingly antagonistic functions of high permeance and strong selectivity. Through emerging filtration techniques, it becomes possible to significantly reduce the energy loss caused by viscous dissipation when separating solutes and solvants. However, despite these advancements, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the fundamental limits of flow efficiency through micropores. In this study, we examine inertia—the process of accelerating a fluid particle as it passes through the porous membrane. We show that there exists an upper limit to flow efficiency through pores due to the effects of inertia. While strategies such as optimizing the filtration system’s geometry and applying surface treatments can help mitigate the energy cost associated with overcoming viscous drag, the energy associated with fluid momentum remains unavoidable. Our results highlight the importance of area scalability in emergent filtration technology.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06658-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermions in (left( 1+2right))-dimensions modified by nonminimal coupling and its applications to condensed matter physics","authors":"J. A. A. S. Reis,&nbsp;L. Lisboa-Santos,&nbsp;Fabiano M. Andrade,&nbsp;Frankbelson dos S. Azevedo,&nbsp;Edilberto O. Silva","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06698-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06698-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fermions in two-dimensional space, commonly called <span>((1+2))</span>-dimensional fermions, exhibit intriguing and distinctive characteristics that distinguish them from their higher-dimensional counterparts. This paper offers a comprehensive theoretical examination of planar fermionic systems, presenting novel findings by incorporating nonminimal coupling. Our analysis includes the computation of the non-relativistic limit up to second-order corrections in the Dirac equation. We also explore the Schrödinger equation under the influence of a harmonic potential and an electric field. Furthermore, we investigate how the coupling parameter affects physical properties relevant to condensed matter systems. Our results demonstrate that this parameter significantly impacts electronic properties and Hall conductivity. The interplay between an external electric field and the coupling parameter also influences energy levels and the system’s polarizability. These findings underscore the novel effects of including nonminimal coupling in wave equations, offering new insights into the physics of coupled systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spark-based Alzheimer’s disease classification using hybrid spike Google-deep CNN-SEViT model","authors":"S. L. Abhaya,&nbsp;T. Dhiliphan Rajkumar","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06673-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06673-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a neurological disorder predominantly affecting the geriatric population. It ranks as the fourth principal cause of death globally, following cardiovascular diseases, various malignancies, and cerebral hemorrhages. The pathology of Alzheimer’s leads to the degeneration of neural tissues and the demise of neurons across the cerebral cortex, thereby precipitating significant memory impairment in individuals and adversely affecting their capacity to accomplish regular activities, including writing, verbal communication, and reading. In recent decades, neuroimaging modalities have been increasingly harnessed to delineate the characteristics of AD through utilization of Machine Learning (ML) approaches, thus providing promising avenues for personalized diagnostic and prognostic assessments. More recently, Deep Learning (DL), as a nascent paradigm within the realm of ML, has witnessed substantial advancements in field of medical imaging. A more comprehensive approach is required that can accommodate big data in AD research due to the growing size of multi-modalities. This research generates a method for classification of AD using DL in spark framework. The preprocessing stage includes realignment, normalization and smoothing executed in a slave set. After preprocessing, feature extraction phase is achieved on preprocessed image in another slave set using Gold Rush Optimizer (GRO)-based VGG-16. These extracted features are then sent to master, where the Proposed SpikeGoogle- Deep Convolutional Neural Network- Squeeze-and-Excitation Vision Transformer (SpikeGoogle-DeepCNN-SEViT) model is created by combining SpikeGoogle, Deep CNN and SEViT for AD classification. The proposed SpikeGoogle-DeepCNN-SEViT model classifies the data into four classes: Mild Demented, Moderate Demented, Non-Demented, and Very Mild Demented. Experimental evidence highlights that Proposed SpikeGoogle-DeepCNN-SEViT showed higher performance compared to conventional strategies with 95.7% accuracy, 97.5% of sensitivity and 95.3% of specificity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal fluid flow modeling considering nonlinear thermal radiation and tetra-hybrid nanoliquid layer on Riga wedges: application in thermal engineering","authors":"Sadia Shakir,&nbsp;Saima Zainab,&nbsp;Noreen Sher Akbar,&nbsp;Kiran Batool,&nbsp;Taseer Muhammad","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06696-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06696-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel numerical investigation into the bioconvective stagnation point flow of tetra-hybrid nanofluids over a stretchable and shrinkable Riga wedge. The model uniquely integrates nonlinear thermal radiation, non-uniform heat sources, viscous dissipation, Soret and Dufour effects, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), chemical reactions, and gyrotactic microorganisms in a porous medium—an innovative combination not previously addressed in the literature. The study visually analyzes flow dynamics, microorganism distribution, and heat and mass transfer. It also provides a numerical assessment of the skin friction coefficient, motile microorganism density number, and Sherwood and Nusselt numbers under varying parameter values. Both velocity and skin friction coefficient show similar trends concerning the wedge angle. The thermal transport rate and temperature exhibit consistent behavior with the non-uniform heat source parameter. An increase in the radiation parameter enhances thermal distribution, while a higher Dufour number leads to a rise in temperature. Similarly, a larger Soret number results in greater concentration levels. The microorganism field and motile density number respond inversely to the Peclet number, and the motile density number decreases with a reduction in the bioconvective Lewis number. It is observed that the results for the shrinking Riga wedge surface are more significant than those for the stretching case. Comparison with existing studies shows good agreement, validating the present approach and results. Applications of this research span drug delivery systems, microfluidic devices, microbial fuel cells, industrial cooling systems, and enhanced oil recovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urchin-like Co3O4 growth on porous metakaolin-based geopolymer spheres for catalytic degradation of chlortetracycline antibiotics","authors":"Yingjie Qiao,&nbsp;Yang Sun,&nbsp;Jianlv Cui,&nbsp;Zhaolu Yin,&nbsp;Ting Zheng,&nbsp;Haize Jin,&nbsp;Lili Zhang,&nbsp;Guoxing Sun,&nbsp;Chengying Bai","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06666-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06666-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porous metakaolin-based geopolymer spheres as catalytic supports with various diameters were prepared using suspension-solidification, suspension-dispersion-solidification, and direct molding methods. Urchin-like Co₃O₄ was in situ grown on the surface of the spherical porous catalytic support. Four catalytic supports and catalytic routes (photo, Fenton-like, sodium percarbonate, and peroxymonosulfate) were compared. Co₃O₄/geopolymers by direct molding with peroxymonosulfate were optimized and a high degradation efficiency of 86% for chlortetracycline hydrochloride within 90 min. The catalytic mechanism was elaborated. Additionally, the Co₃O₄/geopolymer composites showed good repeatability, maintaining a degradation efficiency of 78% after four consecutive cycles.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological risk and elemental analysis of slimming seeds from Baghdad markets, Iraq","authors":"Itab F. Hussein,&nbsp;Rana O. Abdaljalil,&nbsp;Firas K. Nsaif,&nbsp;Howaida Mansour,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Mkhaiber","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06627-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06627-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the radiological risks and elemental composition of slimming seeds sold in Baghdad markets, Iraq. Utilizing X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and gamma spectrometry, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ag, Sn, and Ni) and naturally occurring radionuclides including U-238, Th-232, and K-40 were detected. Health risk assessments revealed that chromium concentrations in some samples of S1 (see Table 1 for the meaning of the seed symbols S1–S9) exceed the safety threshold of Cr (7.64 mg/kg), thus becoming a potential carcinogenic risk. The highest iron concentrations were measured (in mg/kg) as 198 for S6 and 199 for S8 seeds contaminants. Radiological indices, such as the outdoor absorbed dose rate D_out (38.69 nGy/h), outdoor annual effective dose (47.44 μSv/y), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR_in of 1254.8 Bq/kg for indoor exposure), highlighted significant risks in specific seeds especially sample (S9). These findings emphasize the necessity for rigorous regulatory measures and consistent monitoring to mitigate health hazards associated with herbal products. This research provides crucial insights into contamination risks, underscoring the importance of ensuring public health and environmental sustainability.\u0000</p><div><figure><figcaption><b>Table 1 Details of collected samples</b></figcaption><div><span>Full size table</span><svg><use></use></svg></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06627-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic geometry of two coupled spins via various Ising Hamiltonians","authors":"Nayyere Einali Saghavaz,&nbsp;Hosein Mohammadzadeh,&nbsp;Zahra Ebadi,&nbsp;Morteza Nattagh Najafi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06695-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06695-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the thermodynamic geometry of systems composed of two coupled spins governed by different Ising Hamiltonians. We construct the thermodynamic parameters space and evaluate the related metric elements. Moreover, we analyze how these geometric structures change with variations in system parameters, such as coupling constants and external magnetic fields. We show that different models exhibit distinct features in thermodynamic parameters space based on the sign of thermodynamic curvature. These insights refine our understanding of the macroscopic thermodynamic behavior emerging from microscopic spin interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniform design for the multi-layer space radiation shielding optimization","authors":"Shukai Guan,&nbsp;Guicui Fu,&nbsp;Bo Wan,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06700-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06700-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization strategy for space radiation shielding using a uniform design approach integrated with Monte Carlo simulations. The study investigates the performance of fifteen hydrogen-rich and high-Z materials arranged in multi-layer configurations under three radiation environments: Galactic Cosmic Rays, Solar Proton Events, and the Van Allen belts. Key control parameters include areal density, layer number, material sequence, and type. A stepwise quadratic regression model was developed to correlate these variables with dose equivalent. Simulation results from MCNP6 and FLUKA validate the shielding effectiveness of the proposed designs. Design 6, featuring a layered structure of aluminum, Kevlar, epoxy, LiH, PBO, and BN, achieves a dose reduction from 322.2 to 101.9 mSv/year. This approach not only enables lightweight and adaptable shielding solutions for deep-space missions but also supports the development of integrated sensing systems. By mitigating radiation-induced drift, noise, and damage in sensitive sensor payloads, the proposed shielding framework lays the groundwork for radiation-hardened sensor modules suitable for planetary exploration, diagnostics, and orbital monitoring applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometric philology for the study of deteriorated and overlapping layers of ink: the colour code of an early Qur’anic fragment","authors":"Giuseppe Marotta,&nbsp;Alba Fedeli,&nbsp;Sowmeya Sathiyamani,&nbsp;Claudia Colini","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06343-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06343-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A multidisciplinary approach involving archaeometry and philology can often be mutually beneficial in the field of manuscript studies. When forms of degradation occur, the manuscript page can in some cases be puzzling for philologists and palaeographers. On the other hand, the selection of the regions of interest to be subjected to material analyses and the choice of the analytical strategy to put in place need the support of the philological observations. Often the research questions cannot be fully addressed by either discipline independently, but only through their combination, the archaeometric philological approach. Among the various manuscript traditions in which the two disciplines can find a common ground of research, the field of early Qur’anic manuscripts represents a challenging area of investigation because of the use of a colour code in their writing system. This paper presents a successful application of a combined approach for the interpretation of a deteriorated and multi-layered Qur’anic codex. The non-invasive material analyses, in continuous dialogue with palaeographic and philological observations, allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the writing materials, identifying the nature of the deteriorated pigments and the rules of the adopted colour code.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06343-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of inverse one-qubit refrigerators","authors":"J. J. Fernández","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06313-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06313-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study several optimal working regimes of one-qubit quantum refrigerators having one qubit at their cold side. We demonstrate that they can be optimized using the techniques of finite-time thermodynamics on the solutions of the Lindblad equation. Our results show that differently to what happens in classic refrigerators, in our quantum ones the optimization of the cooling power does not lead to an optimal working regime but that using the <span>(Omega)</span> function we can find it. Then, we generalize the study using a family of target functions defined by powers of the coefficient of performance times the cooling power to carry out a more general optimization. These last optimizations reveal the importance that every parameter defining the refrigerator has on the performance of the refrigerators when they work optimally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06313-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}