The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Leptoquark searches at TeV scale using neural networks at the hadron collider","authors":"Ijaz Ahmed,&nbsp;Usman Ahmad,&nbsp;Jamil Muhammad,&nbsp;Saba Shafaq","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07556-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07556-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several discrepancies in the decay of B-meson decay have drawn a lot of interest in leptoquarks (LQ), making them an exciting discovery. The current investigation aims to discover the pair-production of leptoquarks that links strongly to the third generation of quarks and leptons at the center of mass energy <span>(sqrt{s})</span> = 14 TeV via proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Based on the lepton-quark coupling parameters and branching fractions, we separated our search into various benchmark points. The leading order (LO) signals and background processes are generated, while parton showering and hadronization are also performed to simulate the detector effects. This article examines the hadronic and neutrino decay modes of Leptoquark at 1500 LQ mass. We analyze the signal significance at integrated luminosities 300, 1000, and 3000 fb⁻¹ for cut-based analysis. The comprehensive analysis of cut based analysis of hadronic (BP1) decay as well as 2b+MET channel provides a significance of <span>(4.6 sigma )</span> and <span>(4.0 sigma )</span> at a typical point of 1500 GeV and 3000 fb⁻¹. We apply four distinct classifiers available in multivariate analysis (MVA) algorithms at the same mass and luminosity to increase sensitivity. The hadronic (BP1) channel significance is increased to <span>(4.45 sigma )</span> using the MVA method( BDT), indicating a significant improvement. The 2b+MET decay is consistently more significant, <span>(10~sigma )</span> (BDT) than the hadronic mode across all benchmarks. Our results demonstrate how well machine learning methods might enhance the possibility of discovering scalar leptoquarks during present and next LHC operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Gibbs–Feynman link: measures over histories and information geometry","authors":"Angelo Plastino","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07657-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07657-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a Gibbs–Feynman link in which both equilibrium statistical mechanics and quantum dynamics are understood as theories defined by measures over histories rather than by individual trajectories. For the purpose we argue that equilibrium stochastic dynamics and Feynman’s path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics share a common conceptual core: physical predictions arise from a measure over histories rather than from any privileged trajectory. In classical statistical mechanics, stochastic dynamics (e.g., Metropolis or Langevin) is engineered so that the canonical Boltzmann distribution is invariant, making long-time time averages along a single trajectory equivalent to ensemble averages. In quantum mechanics, the propagator is obtained by summing complex amplitudes over all paths, with classical trajectories emerging only through stationary-phase localization. By emphasizing this shared principle we can clarify the scope and limits of the analogy, highlight the role of control parameters (temperature and <span>(hbar )</span>) in shaping path-space geometry, and show how imaginary-time formulations render the connection exact. The perspective provides a compact conceptual bridge between equilibrium sampling, Euclidean quantum field theory, and information-geometric diagnostics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment-parametrized channels: trade-off between secret-key capacity and quantum Fisher information","authors":"Fahimeh Salari Sehdaran,&nbsp;Cosmo Lupo,&nbsp;Farnaz Farman,&nbsp;Abolfazl Bahrampour,&nbsp;Alireza Bahrampour","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07671-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07671-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum channels serve as the fundamental carriers of quantum information. Under suitable conditions, they allow for informational-theoretical secure communication. For the effective characterization and engineering of quantum channels, determining the secret-key capacity (SKC) is highly beneficial. Here, we characterize models of dissipative and dephasing quantum channels obtained from an interaction with a sub-Ohmic, Ohmic, and super-Ohmic environment. We estimate a lower bound on the SKC using the relative entropy of entanglement (REE) of the associated Choi matrix. In some cases, for example if the channel is <i>teleportation covariant</i>, the lower bound becomes an equality. This approach is also applied to estimate the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for the estimation of the parameters that characterize the channel, e.g., the cutoff frequency of the channel environment. By comparing the REE and the QFI of the Choi matrix, we establish an analytical link between the two quantities, revealing an inverse relationship. This trend is observed for both dissipative and dephasing channels and across the Ohmic, sub-Ohmic, and super-Ohmic regimes. With increasing noise in the quantum channel, more information is lost into the environment, leading to reduced SKC. In turn, more information from the environment enters into the channel, allowing to estimate the environmental parameters with higher precision, thus increasing the associated QFI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From directive to practice: applying FMEA to 177Lu therapy according to Euratom 2013/59","authors":"Maria Luisa Belli,&nbsp;Monica Golinucci,&nbsp;Irene Marini,&nbsp;Gianina Maria Volpe,&nbsp;Valentina Di Iorio,&nbsp;Federica Matteucci,&nbsp;Anita Zeneli,&nbsp;Michela Rustignoli,&nbsp;Elena Prati,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Montella,&nbsp;Anna Sarnelli","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07582-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07582-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Radiometabolic ¹⁷⁷Lu-based treatment is a process that involves different specialists. Due to its high complexity and to the potential serious risk of health damages for patients and healthcare professionals, a global analysis of the whole process would allow to identify the weak points and then to improve clinical standards. Radioprotection risk assessment also fulfils the requirement of the 2013/59/EURATOM directive.</p><h3>Aim</h3><p>To identify the main critical points in the process of ¹⁷⁷Lu therapies by using the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method. The focus of the FMEA analysis is the risk to the patient.</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We divided the whole process of ¹⁷⁷Lu-based therapies into main steps and identified all possible failure modes. Each failure mode was scored for severity (S), occurrence (O) and detectability (D), range 1–10. Based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN = SxOxD), all failures were ranked. Both in-house labelled or already and ready-for-injection radiopharmaceuticals were considered, as well as both ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA and ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE/TOC therapies.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The failure modes with the highest RPN scores identified were: incorrect infusion supervision based on count measurements, incorrect catheter connections (vial–injection pump–patient), incorrect end of infusion, and false-negative pregnancy test results. Additionally, for in-house labelled radiopharmaceuticals, the incorrect selection of calibration factors in the activimetre for vial activity measure was identified as a critical issue.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The FMEA analysis allowed the identification of the main failure mode in ¹⁷⁷Lu treatment procedures. Based on the obtained results, strategies could be implemented in clinical practice in order to further improve patient safety. The present results may help the new implementation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-based therapy in the perspective of increasing use of these therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07582-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a model machine learning for design radiation shielding for mammography","authors":"M. R. Alipoor,&nbsp;M. Eshghi,&nbsp;R. Razavi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07569-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07569-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a breakthrough in radiation shielding: A novel, lead-free composite engineered through an artificial neural network (ANN) framework uniquely grounded in first-principles photon interaction physics. Trained on quantum mechanical cross-sections and validated against experimental benchmarks, the ANN accurately predicts energy- and thickness-dependent linear attenuation coefficients across the mammography X-ray spectrum (20–40 kVp), with exceptional fidelity in the critical 20–40 keV range. The optimized composite, composed of strategically weighted high-Z elements (Mo, I, Sn, Sb, and Ba) leverages synergistic K-edge alignment to maximize photoelectric absorption per unit mass, achieving unprecedented attenuation efficiency: &gt; 98% at just 0.2 mm thickness and &gt; 99.9% beyond 0.5 mm for polyenergetic 40 kVp spectra. Notably, the material offers over 40% of the attenuation power of lead at a lower density, enabling the fabrication of lightweight shields that are ideal for wearable aprons, mobile barriers, and aerospace applications. Spectral analysis confirms the smart beam hardening behavior, while HVL/TVL metrics confirm exponential attenuation dynamics consistent with fundamental radiological theory. By linking atomic-scale quantum electrodynamics with macroscopic engineering performance, this work establishes a new paradigm for AI-based materials design that transforms radiation protection from a passive constraint to an active, tunable, and sustainable agent for safer medical imaging and next-generation industrial radiography.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRS studies of the effects induced by gold nanorods and ionizing radiation treatments in glioblastoma cultured cells","authors":"Marco Ranaldi,&nbsp;Alessandro Ferrarini,&nbsp;Alessandra Palma,&nbsp;Ludovica Binelli,&nbsp;Valentina Dini,&nbsp;Antonella Rosi,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Ammendolia,&nbsp;Barbara De Berardis,&nbsp;Chiara Battocchio,&nbsp;Giovanna Iucci,&nbsp;Andrea Attili,&nbsp;Lucrezia Bianchi,&nbsp;Maria Lucia Calcagni,&nbsp;Andrea Fabbri,&nbsp;Teresa Scotognella,&nbsp;Iole Venditti,&nbsp;Sveva Grande","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07610-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07610-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have gained significant attention in biomedicine, due to their unique physicochemical properties, and versatile surface functionalization. They hold substantial potential in nuclear medicine as platforms for radiopharmaceutical transport, enhancing the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of oncological diseases. This study aim to characterize the metabolic profile of the T98G glioblastoma cell line using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), to identify signature biomarkers and quantify their variation following treatment with ionizing radiation (Cs-137 gamma rays) and AuNRs. MRS is a robust, non-invasive analytical tool for the in vitro investigation of biological systems. By providing detailed insights into the metabolic profiles of cultured tumor cells, MRS facilitates a deeper understanding of cellular responses to various anticancer approaches. Specifically, changes in key spectroscopic metabolic markers can serve as indicators of cellular stress and therapeutic efficacy following exposure to treatments, such as ionizing radiation and AuNR-based drug delivery systems. 1H NMR spectra were acquired from intact T98G cell samples at multiple time points post-incubation with AuNRs and following irradiation at clinical doses (10 and 20 Gy). Preliminary results reveal significant alterations in lipid and glutathione metabolic pathways, highlighting the sensitivity of these markers to both AuNR uptake and radiological stress. These findings also suggest potential applications in radioprotective nanomedicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling reflection of plane waves in bio-thermoplastic diffusion with initial stress and temperature dependence via the MGT equation","authors":"P. Vikas Singh,&nbsp;Rajneesh Kumar,&nbsp;E. Rama","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07635-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07635-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work explores how initial stresses, temperature-dependent material parameters, and impedance conditions affect the propagation and reflection of plane waves in a bio-thermoelastic diffusion half-space described by the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) heat conduction theory. The governing equations for a two-dimensional setting are nondimensionalized and reformulated using potential functions. By applying the reflection technique, it is shown that the medium supports four interacting longitudinal waves along with a single transverse mode, each traveling at different speeds. Expressions for the amplitude ratios of the reflected longitudinal (P), thermal (T), chemical potential (Pₒ), and shear vertical (SV) waves are obtained as functions of the incident angle under impedance boundary conditions. The effects of initial stress, thermal dependence of material properties, and impedance parameters on these amplitude ratios are illustrated through graphical results and interpreted in detail. Several limiting cases are also analyzed to verify the formulation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of wave behavior in bio-engineered materials, seismic environments, and broader thermoelastic wave propagation applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical symplectic dynamics and Dirac localization at the quantum–classical interface","authors":"Shuangshuang Chu,&nbsp;Yingnan Xu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07627-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07627-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study localization for one-dimensional Dirac operators with random mass and scalar potentials using a symplectic dynamics viewpoint that makes the quantum–classical correspondence explicit. The stationary Dirac equation can be written as a product of transfer matrices in <span>(textrm{SU}(1,1))</span>, and via an explicit change of variables as a real two-dimensional canonical dynamics with <span>(textrm{Sp}(2,mathbb {R}) cong textrm{SL}(2,mathbb {R}))</span> transfer matrices. In the clean limit, we construct the associated quadratic Hamiltonian generating the symplectic flow, identifying the Dirac localization length with the Lyapunov exponent of an underlying Hamiltonian system. We then develop finite-size fluctuation theory for the Lyapunov exponent: Under standard integrability and ergodicity assumptions, we prove a large-deviation principle and a central limit theorem, and interpret the resulting rate function and variance as quantitative measures of sample-to-sample localization fluctuations. As an analytically tractable benchmark, we treat an exactly solvable random-mass ensemble at zero energy, deriving closed-form expressions for the Lyapunov exponent, its large-deviation rate function, and its Gaussian variance, and translating these into asymptotics for the distribution of the log-conductance. Overall, the work provides a concrete realization of a quantum–classical interface in which invariants of a symplectic random dynamics encode both the mean localization length and its statistical fluctuations for disordered Dirac systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaotic dynamics of charged particles near weakly magnetized black holes in Einstein–ModMax theory","authors":"Zijian Liu,&nbsp;Wenfu Cao","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07645-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07645-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a systematic study of the chaotic dynamics of charged test particles around purely magnetically charged black holes immersed in a uniform external magnetic field within the framework of Einstein–ModMax theory. By constructing an explicit symplectic integrator, we obtain high-precision numerical solutions of the equations of motion. Combining the observational constraints from the event horizon telescope (EHT) shadow images, we further restrict the parameter ranges of the model. We apply Shannon entropy and MIPP (mutual information for particle pairs) as effective indicators to identify the chaotic behavior of charged test particles in the spacetime of this black hole. Numerical results indicate that these indicators can clearly distinguish between regular and chaotic motion of orbits in strong gravitational field systems. Further analysis reveals that, compared to the key conserved quantities that determine the global dynamical behavior of the system—energy <i>E</i> and angular momentum <i>L</i>, the sensitivity of the system parameters <span>(e^{-nu })</span> and <span>(Q_{m})</span> to transitions in the orbital dynamical states is significantly reduced. This study provides a new perspective for a deeper understanding of the characterization and evolution mechanisms of chaotic dynamics in strong gravitational fields.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image compression scheme based on semi-tensor product and thumbnail assisted recognition","authors":"Xiufang Feng,&nbsp;Jie Yang,&nbsp;Yiting Guo,&nbsp;Chengye Zou,&nbsp;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07619-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-07619-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid growth of the scale and application of the Internet of Things (IoT), the security of cloud image transmission has become increasingly prominent. This paper combines the visual visibility of thumbnail-preserving encryption and the security of chaotic encryption, and proposes an image compression encryption algorithm with thumbnail assisted recognition for cloud images. Moreover, a two-dimensional (2D) hyperchaotic map named 2D-PMHM with negative control parameters is proposed, and the excellent pseudo-randomness and hyperchaotic performance of the proposed chaotic map is proved by various performance analysis indexes. Meanwhile, it is applied in both the thumbnail encryption process and compression-encryption process. During thumbnail generation, the important visual information is extracted using semi-tensor product (STP), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), and the degree of visual invisibility K. In addition, the original image is quickly scrambled and encrypted by the proposed extensible fractal chaotic sorting matrix (E-FCSM), and then compressed and sampled by 2D compressed sensing (CS). Finally, the final ciphertext image is formed by changing pixel values by multi-dimensional cross diffusion method. Comparing the experimental simulation results with other existing schemes, the proposed approach has higher algorithm security while resisting noise attacks and crop attacks, and the secure thumbnails have a higher proportion of successful resistance to face detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}