The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Interacting dark sector with quadratic coupling: theoretical and observational viability","authors":"Jaelsson S. Lima,&nbsp;Rodrigo von Marttens,&nbsp;Luciano Casarini","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06237-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06237-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Models proposing a nongravitational interaction between dark energy (DE) and dark matter (CDM) have been extensively studied as alternatives to the standard cosmological model. A common approach to describing the DE-CDM coupling assumes it to be linearly proportional to the dark energy density. In this work, we consider the model with interaction term <span>(Q=3Hgamma {rho _{x}^{2}}/{(rho _{c}+rho _{x})})</span>. We show that for positive values of <span>(gamma)</span> this model predicts a future violation of the Weak Energy Condition (WEC) for the dark matter component, and for a specific range of negative values of <span>(gamma)</span> the CDM energy density can be negative in the past. We perform a parameter selection analysis for this model using data from Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon sample, <i>H</i>(<i>z</i>) measurements from the Cosmic Chronometers sample, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the DESI survey, and Cosmic Microwave Background data from the Planck combined with the Hubble constant <span>(H_0)</span> prior. Imposing a prior to ensure that the WEC is not violated, our model is consistent with <span>(varLambda)</span>CDM in 2<span>(sigma)</span> C.L., yet exhibits a preference for smaller values of <span>(sigma _8)</span>, alleviating the <span>(sigma _8)</span> tension between the CMB results from Planck 2018 and the weak gravitational lensing observations from the KiDS-1000 cosmic shear survey.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of ZnO, SnO2, (ZnSnO3) perovskite structure by chemical method and evaluation of antimicrobial activity","authors":"Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer,&nbsp;Kawther A. Khalaph,&nbsp;Aqel Mashot Jafar","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06233-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06233-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study utilises a basic and efficient chemical method to produce perovskite zinc stannate (ZnSnO₃), nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), and nano-tin oxide (SnO₂) for the purpose of manufacturing. With the aid of sophisticated analytical techniques, an exhaustive investigation of physical and chemical characteristics of the manufactured materials was carried out. The following techniques were used in this work: XRD, FE-SEM, and UV–Vis. From the results obtained in this work, it can be mentioned that the synthesis was done in an appropriate form since the compounds prepared have dimensions at the nanoscale and a homogeneous crystalline structure. With an overview of these nanostructure materials in acting as antibacterial agents, the screening of many pathogenic microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria along with a fungal strain, was considered. The superior antibacterial efficacy of ZnSnO3, among all the materials under investigation, is due to the peculiar perovskite structure of the material, which can effectively interact with microbial cells, bringing about a significant suppression in their growth. On the contrary, SnO₂ showed no detectable antibacterial effect. The above situation indicates that composition and structure has a great impact on the biological performance of its constituents. Results shed light on the effectiveness of ZnSnO₃ as an antibacterial agent and hence can be extended to various medical and agricultural applications. Due to the presence of this antimicrobial agent, it has become very effective and possible to fight microbial diseases in an environmental-friendly way and in an economic manner. These results reveal, in a way, the role that the perovskite structure plays in improving the biological activity and, consequently, open a path for using these kinds of materials in the elaboration of environmentally benign antibacterial therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFD modeling of radon progeny transport and deposition in the human respiratory tract","authors":"R. Rabi,&nbsp;L. Oufni","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06128-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06128-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regarded as the predominant source of natural radiation exposure worldwide, the inhalation of radon and its radioactive progeny represents a silent yet significant danger. The solid particles emitted during the decay of radon are notably radioactive and have the ability to deeply penetrate the lungs, where they can cause considerable damage to the respiratory pathways. In order to refine our understanding of the health repercussions induced by the inhalation of these radon progeny, our study has implemented a sophisticated modeling of the deposition of radioactive particles within the human respiratory system, relying on the computational fluid dynamics method. This cutting-edge technique has allowed us to accurately estimate the effective dose resulting from exposure to radon decay products. Our simulations, reflecting varied respiratory intensities corresponding to activities ranging from light (15 L/min) to intense (60 L/min), have revealed that larger diameter particles are preferentially deposited in the bronchi, especially during more sustained inhalations, due to their increased inertia. These data are essential for understanding the distribution of particles and their potential for harm. The air velocity field and deposition patterns were meticulously obtained and analyzed, thus providing detailed information on the mechanisms of particulate deposition. Furthermore, the dose conversion factor (DCF) for radon progeny was calculated for different airflows, incorporating the measured deposition rates. The obtained DCF values, ranging between (6.62–11.35 mSv WLM⁻¹), are in harmony with the ranges established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, which are (5.4–10.6 mSv WLM⁻¹). The importance of this study lies in its contribution to global health safety, offering more reliable dose estimates that will serve as a basis for the development of more effective radiological protection guidelines. Ultimately, this work illuminates the path toward better knowledge of risks associated with radon, a step further toward safeguarding public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Lorentz oscillator on modeling the dielectric function of Si and Ge","authors":"Zhenfei Li,&nbsp;Liping Zhang,&nbsp;Yinuo Zhou,&nbsp;Honghua Zhang,&nbsp;Haodong Cheng,&nbsp;Fanying Meng,&nbsp;Wenzhu Liu,&nbsp;Zhengxin Liu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06201-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06201-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The classical Lorentz model is widely used for modeling the dielectric function of insulators. However, it has failed to reproduce the experimental spectra of semiconductors in certain cases. The dielectric response over a wide range of photon energies can be easily understood using the equation of motion for electrons at different energies, particularly those below the optical bandgap. In this study, the Lorentz oscillator was modified to satisfy the Clausius–Mossotti relation, enabling the derivation of a modified Lorentz oscillator suitable for semiconductors. The dielectric response was then analyzed within the framework of the proposed dielectric function model for both the fundamental interband region and the region below the optical bandgap. The fitting results for crystalline silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) showed that this model can provide satisfactory fitting results from above the <i>reststrahlen</i> region to the interband region. The properties of the dielectric function then can be better understood in terms of the motion of electrons in regions with different photon energies. In addition, the proposed model was used to calculate the static dielectric constants of Si and Ge, the values of which are very close to the actual value. The results indicate that the proposed model is an effective method for determining the static dielectric constant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of geomagnetic shielding based on detection efficiency","authors":"Sara R. Cabo,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Nishimura,&nbsp;Sergio Luis Suárez Gómez,&nbsp;Laura Bonavera,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Sanchez,&nbsp;Jesús Daniel Santos,&nbsp;Francisco Javier de Cos","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06230-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06230-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the progressive increase in size of the latest Cherenkov-type detectors, it is becoming increasingly important to design a suitable compensation system based on coils of the Earth’s magnetic field to ensure the correct operation of the photomultipliers (PMTs). Until now, most studies have assessed the correct functioning of such a system by the proportion of PMTs experiencing more than 100 mG of magnetic field perpendicular to their axis. In the present study, we discuss whether this evaluation parameter is the most appropriate and propose the average residual perpendicular magnetic field <span>(&lt; B_{{{text{perp}}}}&gt;)</span> as an alternative that more closely reflects the loss of detection efficiency of PMTs. A compensation system design is also proposed that offers good results as well as being economical to optimize this parameter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06230-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing plasma interaction as a novel etching technique for CR-39 nuclear track detector","authors":"Abdulkader Makki Dahham,&nbsp;Nada Farhan Kadhim,&nbsp;Raghad S. Mohammed","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06224-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06224-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates a new technique for etching solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNDs) and compares it to the conventional chemical etching approach. The CR-39 nuclear track detector created alpha particle tracks with a 6.25 N NaOH etching solution. Revealing the ion-induced latent tracks in the material of the detector involves the inevitable step of a chemical etching process. In contrast to the conventional chemical etching approach, a new technique via plasma-induced chemical etching is presented in this study to reduce the etching time. According to the photomicrographs, for chemical etching, we observed that the tracks started appearing at 1 h and developed at 5 h. In contrast, the tracks started appearing with the plasma-induced etching method at 15 min and were fully developed at 60 min. The plasma etching process recorded higher track densities (7177.0 ± 33.7 Track/mm²) than chemical etching by water bath (5238.0 ± 5.7 Track/mm²), possibly due to its short etching time, allowing latent tracks to be revealed without increasing overlap. The bulk etch rate for CR-39 in plasma etching was faster than in chemical etching. The enhanced V_T/V_B ratio resulting from the plasma etching leads to an overall improvement in the track revelation process. The outcomes indicated that the optimum etching time for CR-39 irradiated with alpha particle energy of 5.47 MeV is 2 h for chemical etching and 60 min for plasma-induced etching. Plasma technology has shown its efficacy in the etching process by significantly reducing the time required for etching SSNDs and etching efficiency similar to that of the chemical etching method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of proton and neutron cascades generated by proton beams in air, (hbox {CO}_2), and (hbox {CH}_4) environments","authors":"Marcos Antônio de Oliveira Deros,&nbsp;Gabriela Hoff,&nbsp;Matheus Monteiro Nascimento,&nbsp;Elisa Garcia Pereira,&nbsp;Luis Gustavo Pereira","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06195-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06195-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we developed a computational study using Geant4 to investigate potential alterations in particle cascades resulting from multiple interactions between a high-energy particle in air, <span>(hbox {CO}_2)</span>, and <span>(hbox {CH}_4)</span> environments. Given the extensive range of parameters involved in the research, this study focuses exclusively on the behaviour of protons and neutrons within the cascade for two specific energies of the incident proton, namely 0.5 and 10 GeV. The chosen environment is a cubic box measuring <span>(10^3~hbox {km}^3)</span>. Our findings reveal distinct differences in the cascade characteristics among the three gases. The distribution of protons and neutrons throughout the environment varies depending on the type of gas and the depth along the axis of incidence. Specifically, for (<span>(hbox {CH}_4)</span>), a higher production of protons was observed, whereas for (<span>(hbox {CO}_2)</span>), neutron production was more pronounced under certain conditions. Simulations of the Bragg peak were also conducted, where we observed a shift in the maximum energy loss due to ionisation depending on the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sulfur concentration on electronic properties of h-BN monolayer: a computational study","authors":"Qurat ul Ain Asif,&nbsp;Akhtar Hussain,&nbsp;Aamir Shahzad,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif,&nbsp;Hamayl Asim,&nbsp;Saima Rashid","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06219-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06219-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer, owing to its applications in biological materials, multi-function composites and optoelectronic devices, has drawn a lot of interest recently. Here, the structural and electronic characteristics of monolayered h-BN sheets doped with sulfur (S) are theoretically explored through density functional theory calculations. Our primary focus was on how the dopant site and concentration is responsible for geometry and energy gap variation. The interatomic distances and position of the substitutional S atoms control the position of defect-related intermediate bands and the band gap of doped material. Strikingly, an indirect bandgap of doped system shows semiconducting behavior, which is narrower than the one for pristine sheet. Different structural arrangements (hexagonal and rectangular) of S defects at the BN monolayer provide a general design for defect engineering which is congenial for its applications in deep UV optoelectronic, electronic, and transistor-based devices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible and transparent highly luminescent sensor based on doped zinc tungstate/graphene oxide nanocomposite","authors":"Sadegh Azadmehr,&nbsp;Sanaz Alamdari,&nbsp;Majid Jafar Tafreshi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06216-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06216-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a cost-effective flexible sensor based on manganese-doped zinc tungstate/graphene oxide composite nanoparticles (ZnWO₄/GO: Mn NPs) was fabricated. ZnWO₄/GO: Mn NPs were successfully synthesized via the coprecipitation method; using an ultrasonic-assisted spin-spray coating technique, synthesized NPs were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to form a flexible composite film. The synergistic combination of ultrasonic irradiation and spray coating resulted in defect-free, uniform films with enhanced bonding to the PET substrate. The prepared film's optical response and structural features were investigated under ultraviolet, and ion beam-induced luminescence excitations, along with XRD, EDX-Mapping, FESEM, and FTIR measurements. Also, the ionizing radiation sensitivity of the prepared composite film was investigated using ²⁴¹Am source. XRD, FTIR, and EDX-Mapping elemental results showed characteristic peaks of ZnWO₄ and related elements in the samples. FESEM image showed that prepared NPs are approximately 96–264 nm in diameter. The addition of GO to ZnWO₄ increases the particle size, likely due to the interaction between ZnWO₄ nanoparticles and GO sheets. The band gap energy of the prepared ZnWO₄/GO: Mn film was decreased by doping and obtained <span>(sim)</span> 3.28 eV. According to the measurements, the flexible ZnWO₄/GO: Mn film showed prominent blue-green luminescent, centered at 400–500 nm visible regions and high ionizing ray sensitivity which is comparable with commercial ZnS: Ag. The current–voltage (<i>I</i>–<i>V</i>) characteristics were analyzed under both dark and UV-irradiated conditions, revealing that Mn-doped ZnWO₄/GO exhibited the highest UV sensitivity (3.5) compared to ZnWO₄ (1.5) and ZnWO₄/GO (2.5). The photocurrent response of the samples, assessed through cyclic light activation, showed peak currents of 130, 180, and 200 nA for ZnWO₄, ZnWO₄/GO, and ZnWO₄/GO:Mn, respectively. The enhanced UV response of the Mn-doped composite is attributed to bandgap engineering, oxygen adsorption/desorption processes, and reduced dark current, leading to an improved signal-to-noise ratio. These findings highlight the potential of Mn-doped ZnWO₄/GO nanocomposites for UV detection applications. The results indicate that prepared nanocomposite has the potential for practical applications in future optoelectronic fields and display.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traversable wormholes sourced by dark matter in loop quantum cosmology","authors":"Marcos V. de S. Silva,&nbsp;G. Alencar,&nbsp;R. N. Costa Filho,&nbsp;R. M. P. Neves,&nbsp;Celio R. Muniz","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06214-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06214-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate the existence of wormholes within the framework of loop quantum cosmology, using isotropic dark matter as the source. We analyze three distinct density profiles and solve the modified gravity field equations alongside the stress-energy tensor conservation, applying appropriate boundary conditions to obtain traversable wormhole solutions. Each solution is shown to satisfy the geometric criteria for wormholes, and their regularity is verified by computing the Kretschmann scalar to ensure the absence of singularities under determined conditions. Additionally, we examine the stress-energy tensor to identify scenarios in which energy conditions are violated within this model. The wormhole geometry is further explored through embedding diagrams, and the amount of exotic matter required to sustain these structures is computed using the volume integral quantifier. Finally, we study the shadow produced by our wormhole solution, considering one of the dark matter density profiles, and compare it with observations of the M87 galaxy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}