Norberto Sebastián Schmidt, Alexander Schwab, Jingjing Li, Ulrich Rücker, Paul Zakalek, Eric Mauerhofer, Javier Dawidowski, Thomas Gutberlet
{"title":"Monte Carlo simulations of cold neutron spectra for various para- and ortho-hydrogen ratios using different codes and nuclear data libraries","authors":"Norberto Sebastián Schmidt, Alexander Schwab, Jingjing Li, Ulrich Rücker, Paul Zakalek, Eric Mauerhofer, Javier Dawidowski, Thomas Gutberlet","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06046-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06046-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work compares simulated and measured neutron time-of-flight spectra for a cold neutron moderator with varying para-hydrogen concentrations (25%, 50%, 90% and 99.9%) embedded in a polyethylene thermal moderator. The primary neutrons are generated from the interaction of 45MeV protons with a tantalum target. The simulations were performed using several Monte Carlo codes (MCNP, PHITS, McStas, VITESS, and KDSource) together with nuclear data from the ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL<span>(-)</span>5.0 libraries. The simulated primary neutron yields had deviations from experimental measurements ranging from 0.3 to 16% depending on the code and the nuclear data used. The neutron moderation in the para-hydrogen moderator coupled with a neutron guide was then modeled. The neutron time distribution was measured by a <span>(^3)</span>He detector at the end of the guide. Comparison with experimental data showed good agreement, with relative differences of less than 15%. For the 99.9% para-hydrogen concentration, simulations with JENDL<span>(-)</span>5.0 were in better agreement with the experimental data, while ENDF-B/VII.1 showed better agreement for the 25% para-hydrogen case. The analysis of the results obtained provides insights into the strengths and limitations of each Monte Carlo code and nuclear data library combination. The observed discrepancies were analyzed, and possible sources of error were also identified. The analytical procedure followed in this work will help to improve the accuracy and reliability of neutron cold moderator design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06046-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crystal structure evolution and superconductivity of YBH8 under pressure from first principles","authors":"Fang-guang Kuang, Yong-qiang Xu, Xiao-zhen Yan, Qin-xin Li, Shao Xiao, Shu-ying Kang, Chuan-zhao Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06056-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06056-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing the stability pressure and enhancing superconductivity are the current missions in the research on superconducting hydrides. Rare-earth borohydrides have attracted extensive attention in very recent years. Using CALYPSO methodology and first-principles calculations, we investigated pressure-dependent behaviors of YBH<sub>8</sub> borohydride compounds. <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>m</i>-YBH<sub>8</sub> is stable at 100–160 GPa, transitioning to <i>C</i>2/<i>c</i>-YBH<sub>8</sub> stable at 160–300 GPa. Dual bonding in BH<sub>n</sub> units and metallic nature of both structures were confirmed. <i>C</i>2/<i>c</i>-YBH<sub>8</sub>ʼs superconducting transition temperature exceeds 70 K at 200 GPa and 72 K at 300 GPa, mainly due to BH<sub>6</sub> units. This research contributes to understanding ytterbium-based borohydrides and provides a reference for future experiments and superconductivity investigations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced gamma-ray spectrum transformation: NaI(Tl) scintillator to HPGe semiconductor via machine learning","authors":"Zohreh Saeidi, Hossein Afarideh, Mitra Ghergherehchi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06048-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06048-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thallium-activated sodium iodide scintillation (NaI(Tl)) and high-purity germanium semiconductor (HPGe) detectors are two commonly employed gamma spectroscopy devices. NaI(Tl) detectors are preferred for their cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and ease of construction, while HPGe detectors have superior resolution but face challenges in temperature operation and they are expensive. This article investigates the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and a Multi-Channel Output Regression based on Support Vector Regression (MCO-SVR), to enhance the performance of NaI(Tl) detectors by transforming its gamma spectrum into HPGe spectrum. The model was trained using datasets generated from a limited radioisotope library and demonstrated excellent performance across a diverse range of measured experimental test data. The evaluation included various scenarios, such as low-count spectra and background effects. The KNN model exhibited optimal performance, achieving an accuracy of 98.69% with a Manhattan distance metric. In contrast, the MCO-SVR model, employing both direct and chained approaches, exhibited varied results with different kernel types, with the polynomial kernel in the direct approach yielding the value 97.45% accuracy. Overall, the results indicate that machine learning algorithms have the potential to improve the performance of NaI(Tl) detectors and expand their applications in various fields of nuclear security.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06048-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating radial flow-like effects via pseudorapidity and transverse spherocity dependence of particle production in pp collisions at the LHC","authors":"Aswathy Menon Kavumpadikkal Radhakrishnan, Suraj Prasad, Sushanta Tripathy, Neelkamal Mallick, Raghunath Sahoo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05996-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05996-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent observations of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) like signatures in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions, have compelled the heavy-ion physics community to re-examine small collision systems for proper baseline studies. Event shape-based studies in pp collisions have succeeded to a certain extent in identifying the rare events mimicking such heavy-ion-like behavior. In this study, we incorporate PYTHIA8 and AMPT to study radial flow-like signatures in pp collisions at <span>(sqrt{s} = 13)</span> TeV as a function of transverse spherocity and pseudorapidity. The selection of softer events possibly carrying heavy-ion-like features is performed using the transverse spherocity event shape observable. As the particle production mechanism in midrapidity differs greatly from the forward rapidity, a pseudorapidity dependent study is meaningful. Keeping ALICE 3 upgrades at the LHC in mind, this study aims to demonstrate the transverse spherocity and pseudorapidity dependence of the mean transverse momentum, particle ratios, and kinetic freeze out parameters in pp collisions at <span>(sqrt{s})</span> = 13 TeV using PYTHIA8. We observe that the isotropic events show enhanced radial flow effects in all multiplicity classes, however, the jetty events show signatures of the radial flow-like effects only in high-multiplicity events. For the first time, we show the transverse spherocity and pseudorapidity dependence of partonic modification factor in pp collisions, which clearly shows that by choosing transverse spherocity, one can directly probe the radial flow-like effects in pp collisions at the LHC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstructing the dynamics of coupled oscillators with cluster synchronization using parameter-aware reservoir computing","authors":"Xinwei Zhang, Shuai Wang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06069-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06069-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamics reconstruction of complex networks usually requires a large amount of resources; therefore, it is of great significance to find a fast and effective way to achieve this goal. In the study of synchronization dynamics in coupled oscillator networks, complex network structures may be simplified into a smaller-scale network called quotient networks through the external equitable partition. Reservoir computing has demonstrated the capability of rapidly reconstructing system dynamics. In this paper, we attempt to utilize the quotient system in parameter-aware reservoir computing to replace the original network system for training the computer’s neurons, in order to reconstruct the synchronization dynamics of the original network. The system reconstructed by the reservoir computing trained with the quotient network exhibits the same synchronization dynamics, bifurcation diagrams, and spatiotemporal structures as the original system, while the training time is also reduced. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using quotient networks to replace original large-scale networks when reconstructing synchronization dynamics with reservoir computing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the characteristics of aeolian sand movement and accumulation at the east wall of Suoyang Ancient City based on CFD","authors":"Wenwu Chen, Haiyu Wu, Shuai Zhang, Haoxin Chen, Qiang Qi, Chong Wu, Zhiqian Guo, Kebin Ren, Haitao Yan","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06051-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06051-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The frequent eolian processes in the northwest region of China pose a persistent threat to the conservation of earthen sites. Located in the “World Wind City” of Guazhou, Suoyang Ancient City experiences maximum wind velocities of 24 m/s, leading to severe sand accumulation and damage to its walls. This study focused on a typical 70-m-long section of the east wall of Suoyang Ancient City, featuring a gap, and utilized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted modeling technology to construct a three-dimensional model of the wall. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods were employed to simulate the movement and accumulation processes of wind-blown sand. The research found that upward airflow at the upper part of the wall enables sand particles to surmount the wall's top, while downward airflow at the lower part accelerates the downward deposition of sand particles at the base of the wall. The wind field on the windward side is evenly distributed, resulting in relatively uniform sand deposition. Conversely, on the leeward side, a reflux zone forms after the airflow passes over the wall, causing sand particles to accumulate in an arc-shaped pattern behind the wall. The simulated results align with actual observations of sand accumulation at the gap in the east wall, providing valuable insights for sand prevention and control efforts at the Suoyang Ancient City.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production of continuous carbon nanotube/geopolymer composite fibers by wet spinning for adsorption applications","authors":"Yifeng Zhu, Boxiao Rao, Zhenquan Zhao, Ting Zheng, Weijie Qu, Xiaodong Wang, Yingyi Liu, Chengying Bai, Paolo Colombo","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06034-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06034-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porous geopolymers are highly regarded for dye and heavy metal adsorption due to their porous structure, versatile raw material options, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Additionally, fiber-based adsorbents offer superior adsorption performance, with enhanced flexibility, adaptability, and a high surface area. In this study, pure geopolymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/geopolymer continuous composite microfibers, with a diameter of ~ 300 µm, were synthesized using a wet spinning method. Sodium alginate (SA) was utilized as a dispersant, and a solution of 5% CaCl<sub>2</sub> in 75% ethanol served as the coagulation bath. The morphology, structure changes, specific surface area, mechanical properties and adsorption properties of these composite microfibers were thoroughly studied. The addition of CNTs enhanced both the mechanical strength and the adsorption performance of microfibers for methylene blue (MB). The tensile stress and Young’s modulus of the CNTs/geopolymer fibers reached 35.41 ± 1.09 MPa and 33.22 ± 0.99 MPa, respectively, with a CNTs content of 25 wt.%. In addition, the high MB removal rates (~ 84%) were achieved after 24 h when the initial concentration of MB was 10 mg/L. These findings suggest that the obtained CNTs/geopolymer continuous composite microfibers are promising materials for adsorption applications, particularly in flexible, braided, and complex-shaped adsorption materials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Lanczos algorithm for computing split quaternion partial singular value decomposition and its application","authors":"Tao Wang, Ying Li, Mingcui Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06028-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06028-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Partial singular value decomposition (PSVD) is often used to deal with dimensionality reduction, compression and data approximation of large matrices to improve computational efficiency and simplify the analysis of complex data. In this paper, we will study the problem of PSVD of split quaternion matrix. By analyzing the structure of the real representation matrix, we find that it can preserve the partially unitary property. Based on the property of the real representation matrix, we propose split quaternion partial singular value decomposition (SQPSVD) and Lanczos algorithm of SQPSVD. In numerical examples, we verify the effectiveness of the Lanczos algorithm and propose the split quaternion color image model to apply the Lanczos algorithm to color image processing. The combination of the model and algorithm has a good performance in low rank approximation of color images, color face reconstruction and recognition. Moreover, based on the Lanczos algorithm, we propose the denoising algorithm for the space magnetic field measurement data and the experimental result shows the effectiveness of the denoising algorithm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mojeed T. Akolade, Amos S. Idowu, Timothy L. Oyekunle, Samson A. Agunbiade, Hafizat O. Momoh, Moses S. Dada, Emmanuel O. Titiloye, Jos U. Abubakar, Olanrewaju T. Olotu
{"title":"Preserving the rheological equation of Eyring-Powell fluid through non-similar approach: a numerical analysis by BSCM","authors":"Mojeed T. Akolade, Amos S. Idowu, Timothy L. Oyekunle, Samson A. Agunbiade, Hafizat O. Momoh, Moses S. Dada, Emmanuel O. Titiloye, Jos U. Abubakar, Olanrewaju T. Olotu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05941-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05941-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To preserve the rheological equation of the non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell (EP) fluid, present mixed convection problem is simplified via non-similar approach, as opposed to the widely used similarity technique, while the dynamics are numerically investigated through bivariate spectral collocation method (BSCM). Studies identify that variations in free stream velocity, surface mass transfer, wall temperature, buoyancy forces, magnetization, chemical reactions, etc are factors responsible for the non-similar boundary layer problem (N-SBLP). However, the assumptions in this study including dissipative heat, a Darcian medium, non-Newtonian fluid, nonlinear buoyancy, convective heat transfer, chemical reaction rates, and Soret–Dufour effects give rise to the N-SBLP, thus necessitating the use of the non-similar technique. The numerical method adopts a modified spectral Chebyshev-based collocation method (a bi-discretization scheme) known as the BSCM, capable of handling systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). The governing mathematical model of the flow, heat, and mass transfer is presented in the form of PDEs, transformed into dimensionless N-SBLP equations, and solved numerically. The results of the physical quantities confirm the preservation of the rheological properties of the EP fluid, as demonstrated in the corresponding figures and tables. The findings highlight the successful application of the non-similar approach and BSCM to the N-SBLP of EP fluid. A rise in the Dufour number indicates a stronger influence of mass diffusion on thermal energy transfer, while increasing the Eyring-Powell fluid’s dimensionless parameters and quadratic buoyancy enhances fluid motion, improves mass transfer, reduces temperature profiles, and thins boundary layers due to stronger non-Newtonian and convective effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat transfer analysis in membrane-based pumping flow of hybrid nanofluids","authors":"Pankaj Jangid, Ashvani Kumar, Dharmendra Tripathi, Kalpna Sharma","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05987-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-05987-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid nanofluids have emerged as a game-changer in thermal management, offering enhanced thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and fluid flow characteristics. By combining the benefits of different nanoparticles, hybrid nanofluids exhibit improved performance, making them an attractive solution for advanced thermal management systems. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids propelled by membrane pumping and controlled by a radial magnetic field. A mathematical model is developed to investigate the thermal behaviour of copper–alumina/water nanofluid in a vertical microtube. By employing a lubrication approach, analytical solutions are derived for velocity profiles, temperature fields, and heat transfer characteristics. Results show significant enhancements in heat transfer rates due to the combined effects of membrane pumping and magnetic field. By using the MATLAB code, results for velocity profiles, volumetric flow rates, wall shear stress, stream functions, and pressure differences are illustrated. Additionally, heat transfer analysis for hybrid nanofluid (copper–alumina/water) flow is scrutinized, yielding insights into temperature, Nusselt numbers, and isotherms. The result reveals that the Nusselt number increases by 3.102% with higher alumina concentration<span>(left( {phi_{1} } right))</span>, while it decreases slightly from 3.102% to 3.098% as copper concentration <span>(left( {phi_{2} } right))</span> increases, which signifies that alumina nanoparticles are more effective than copper nanoparticles. The present study showcases the potential of the proposed model to transform biomedical sciences, particularly in the development of smart pumping devices. This research lays the groundwork for future investigations, aiming to harness the power of mathematical modelling to create innovative, patient-centred solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}