Hanen Louati, Abdul Majeed, Imdad Ullah, Shreefa O. Hilali, Mohammed M. A. Almazah, Amir Ali
{"title":"Investigation of knot bundles-based normal and anomalous rotary photon drag in duplicated two-level atomic medium","authors":"Hanen Louati, Abdul Majeed, Imdad Ullah, Shreefa O. Hilali, Mohammed M. A. Almazah, Amir Ali","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06824-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rotary photon drag based on knot bundles is investigated via control fields of the Milnor Gaussian polynomial in a duplicated two-state atomic configuration driven by probe and control fields. The photon drag is a function of wavelength-normalized spatial axes <span>\\(x/\\lambda\\)</span> and <span>\\(y/\\lambda\\)</span>. Photon drag is connected to refractive index and group index as <span>\\(\\theta _d=\\frac{L\\omega _s}{c}(n_g-\\frac{1}{n_r})\\)</span>. Both anomalous and normal photon drag is investigated in this study. The trefoil knot, Solomon knot, Hopf links, and double Hopf links types of photon drag are observed. The highest value of normal photon drag is investigated to <span>\\(\\pm 1.5~ \\upmu \\text {rad}\\)</span>, and the highest value of anomalous photon drag is reported to <span>\\(\\pm 0.7~\\upmu \\text {rad}\\)</span> within the spatial region <span>\\(-4\\lambda \\le x, y\\le 4\\lambda\\)</span>. The results have important uses in quantum imaging, telecommunication, quantum memory, quantum sensors, optical systems, and photonic circuits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The European Physical Journal Plus","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06824-w","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The rotary photon drag based on knot bundles is investigated via control fields of the Milnor Gaussian polynomial in a duplicated two-state atomic configuration driven by probe and control fields. The photon drag is a function of wavelength-normalized spatial axes \(x/\lambda\) and \(y/\lambda\). Photon drag is connected to refractive index and group index as \(\theta _d=\frac{L\omega _s}{c}(n_g-\frac{1}{n_r})\). Both anomalous and normal photon drag is investigated in this study. The trefoil knot, Solomon knot, Hopf links, and double Hopf links types of photon drag are observed. The highest value of normal photon drag is investigated to \(\pm 1.5~ \upmu \text {rad}\), and the highest value of anomalous photon drag is reported to \(\pm 0.7~\upmu \text {rad}\) within the spatial region \(-4\lambda \le x, y\le 4\lambda\). The results have important uses in quantum imaging, telecommunication, quantum memory, quantum sensors, optical systems, and photonic circuits.
期刊介绍:
The aims of this peer-reviewed online journal are to distribute and archive all relevant material required to document, assess, validate and reconstruct in detail the body of knowledge in the physical and related sciences.
The scope of EPJ Plus encompasses a broad landscape of fields and disciplines in the physical and related sciences - such as covered by the topical EPJ journals and with the explicit addition of geophysics, astrophysics, general relativity and cosmology, mathematical and quantum physics, classical and fluid mechanics, accelerator and medical physics, as well as physics techniques applied to any other topics, including energy, environment and cultural heritage.