The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

{"title":"Chiral vortical transport under minimal-length deformations in rotating relativistic matter","authors":"Sameer Ahmad Mir,&nbsp;Behnam Pourhassan,&nbsp;Nawal H. Siddig,&nbsp;Euaggelos E. Zotos,&nbsp;Laila Abdulaziz Al-Essa","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08321-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08321-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study how a minimal length can affect the chiral vortical effect, in which rotation produces a current in matter made of chiral fermions. We focus on an isotropic modification of the momentum-space density of state (DoS) and determine the vortical conductivity from the static, long-wavelength correlation between the current and momentum density. The analysis is carried out first for a single right-handed Weyl fermion and is then extended to general massless chiral fermion systems with mutually commuting conserved charges. We find that, for a broad class of analytic isotropic DoS modifications, the familiar leading contributions from chemical potential and temperature remain unchanged at first order within the DoS sector. Minimal-length effects instead appear through higher-order thermal and chemical-potential contributions. Some of these corrections contain the same chiral charge combinations that appear in gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational anomalies, while another contains an independent higher-order charge combination. Their coefficients depend on the form of the DoS modification and are therefore not fixed by the usual four-dimensional anomaly structure. For the Kempf–Mangano–Mann deformation, the exact result shows that a positive minimal-length parameter always reduces the DoS contribution to the vortical conductivity. We also find that a Planck-suppressed correction is extremely small under standard heavy-ion chemical freeze-out conditions. These results show that isotropic minimal-length modifications can change higher-order contributions to chiral vortical transport while leaving the familiar leading anomaly-related response unchanged within the DoS sector considered here.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VLSI implementation of power-aware image processing using hybrid Baugh-Booth approximate multiplier-based MAC in conviformer architecture","authors":"E. Veera Boopathy,&nbsp;K. Kalirajan","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08302-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08302-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Power consumption is one of the key issues faced during very large-scale integration design of edge-based image processing systems. Traditional multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) consumes a lot of power and occupies considerable silicon area; thus, it is unsuitable for mobile and embedded applications. In this research, a hybrid Baugh-Booth approximate multiplier-based MAC unit (HB²AM-MAC) is proposed for power-aware VLSI image processing applications. The presented architecture employs approximate computing concepts in the Baugh-Booth multiplication scheme, leading to reduced switching activity and hardware complexity while maintaining acceptable accuracy. The proposed model is integrated into the Conviformer architecture with sparse connections to reduce computational burden. For optimization of bit widths and obtaining the optimum trade-off between power, area, delay, and accuracy, the lionfish search algorithm (LSA) was used. The proposed model achieved 98.17% and 98.63% accuracy on CIFAR-10 and MNIST with just 3.2 mW of power consumption and 0.0015 ms latency. The HB²AM-MAC unit reduces power consumption by 60% and area by 40% compared to a traditional MAC design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA damage complexity drives carbon and oxygen ion RBE: a multi-scale mechanistic investigation using TOPAS-nBio and MEDRAS","authors":"Hadi Nakhzari Moghadam,&nbsp;Nematollah Heidarloo,&nbsp;Seyed Mahmoud Reza Aghamiri","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08346-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08346-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the microscopic relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon and oxygen ions using Monte Carlo simulations with the TOPAS-nBio toolkit. The aim was to calculate RBE based on DNA damage at the cellular level. A realistic model of the human cell nucleus was constructed, and ion irradiation was simulated over a range of energies and LET values. DNA damage, including single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs), was quantified by considering both direct particle interactions and indirect effects mediated by radiolytic species. The resulting lesions were further classified according to their complexity. To predict biological outcomes, TOPAS-nBio damage spectra were integrated with the MEDRAS mechanistic cell repair model using a standard DNA damage representation, allowing cell survival to be calculated on the basis of damage complexity and repair kinetics. The results demonstrated a strong LET dependence of RBE, characterized by an increase to a distinct maximum followed by a decrease at higher LET, consistent with the overkill effect. RBE values based on complex DNA damage and cell survival endpoints (DSF₁₀ and DSF₅₀) more closely reproduced the published LET-dependent trends than those based on simple DSBs, including the characteristic peak region of approximately 100200 keV/µm for carbon ions. For carbon ions, the peak was resolved directly at LET = 169.4 keV/µm, while the corresponding peak for oxygen ions occurred at LET = 241.6 keV/µm. Quantitative differences of up to approximately 20% were observed relative to published data across most of the studied LET range, with larger relative differences at the lowest LET values, where absolute RBE values were small. These differences are consistent with the use of average rather than cell-line-specific parameters. Overall, the integrated TOPAS-nBio/MEDRAS framework provides a mechanistic approach for investigating LET-dependent RBE and predicting its qualitative trends. The results highlight the importance of incorporating DNA damage complexity and mechanistic repair dynamics into RBE modeling for heavy-ion therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold cool copper operation linac demonstrator and preliminary studies for a 6GeV injector linac at ESRF","authors":"A. D’Elia,&nbsp;S. Liuzzo,&nbsp;P. Borowiec,&nbsp;V. Serrière,&nbsp;M. Dubrulle,&nbsp;M. Morati,&nbsp;S. White,&nbsp;F. Ewald,&nbsp;N. Benoist,&nbsp;K. Scheidt,&nbsp;B. Roche,&nbsp;C. Benabderrahmane,&nbsp;G. Le Bec,&nbsp;R. Bourtembourg,&nbsp;T. Rozier,&nbsp;J.-L. Pons,&nbsp;D. Martin,&nbsp;B. Pelissier,&nbsp;L. Eybert,&nbsp;T. Brochard,&nbsp;C. Maccarrone,&nbsp;J.-L. Revol,&nbsp;B. Joly,&nbsp;Y. Gouez,&nbsp;H. Pedroso Marques,&nbsp;P. Colomp,&nbsp;A. Dely,&nbsp;F. Falaise,&nbsp;D. Frichet,&nbsp;Q. Qin,&nbsp;E. Nanni,&nbsp;A. Dhar,&nbsp;W.-H. Tan,&nbsp;G. Aymar,&nbsp;A. Latina,&nbsp;D. Alesini,&nbsp;F. Cardelli,&nbsp;A. Giribono,&nbsp;C. Vaccarezza,&nbsp;G. Silvi,&nbsp;M. Andorf,&nbsp;J. Maxson,&nbsp;P. Craievich,&nbsp;R. Zennaro","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08284-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08284-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ESRF mid-term plan for the upgrade of the injection complex foresees a 6 GeV full energy linac option. Given the space limitations of the site, the linac must fit in 145 m, compactness is a strong design constraint and high gradient technology is a potential candidate to fulfill this goal. SLAC cool copper distributed-coupling technology in C-band [1] was selected to realize such a compact injector linac. A demonstrator (Cool copper Operation Linac Demonstrator, COLD) for this technology will be installed at the ESRF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking DC transport properties and entanglement negativity in non-Hermitian superlattices","authors":"L. S. Lima","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08324-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08324-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We explore how non-Hermitian effects including gain–loss imbalance, asymmetric hopping, and complex potentials in one-dimensional superlattices influence both electrical transport properties and quantum correlations. Focusing on a multiband tetramerized superlattice, we study the impact of distinct gain–loss configurations on electrical transport coefficients such as the Drude weight, alongside mixed-state quantum entanglement measures. Using a class of generalized Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonians with adjustable sublattice asymmetry and non-reciprocity, we systematically evaluate linear response transport and entanglement characteristics across parameter regimes, including those exhibiting <i>PT</i>-symmetry breaking. Our findings demonstrate how transport and entanglement provide complementary insights into the non-Hermitian topological phases, and identify experimentally measurable signatures in photonic and ultracold-atom platforms. These results open pathways for probing non-Hermitian quantum phases in engineered lattice systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08324-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermionic Casimir effect in an axial Lorentz-violating background","authors":"A. Martín-Ruiz,&nbsp;M. B. Cruz,&nbsp;E. R. Bezerra de Mello","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08327-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08327-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the fermionic Casimir effect for a Dirac field confined between two parallel plates with MIT bag boundary conditions in the presence of CPT-odd Lorentz symmetry violation described by a constant axial background vector <span>(b_{mu })</span>. The exact mode quantization is derived from the modified Dirac equation in the planar geometry, and the vacuum energy is formulated through a phase-shift representation. For spacelike backgrounds, we show that the components parallel to the plates can be absorbed into a shift of the transverse momenta and therefore do not affect the renormalized Casimir energy, while the component normal to the plates modifies the longitudinal spectrum and produces a genuine Lorentz-violating correction. Both the timelike component <span>(b_{0})</span> and the normal spacelike component <span>(b_{z})</span> can thus be treated within a unified framework characterized by a single effective spectral parameter. A closed logarithmic integral representation for the Casimir energy is obtained and its behavior is analyzed in the Lorentz-symmetric, weak-background, and strong-background regimes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08327-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong gravitational lensing with Euclid","authors":"Alessandro Sonnenfeld","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08300-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08300-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Euclid data are going to lead to the discovery of approximately <span>(10^5)</span> new strong gravitational lenses, thereby increasing the number of known lenses by a factor of 30. Such an impressive jump has the potential to revolutionize the field of strong lensing, by covering an ever-increasing range in the parameter space occupied by the lenses and lensed sources, and by uncovering rare and precious strong lens systems. The first quick data release of Euclid has already revealed hundreds of lenses, giving us a taste of what the final Euclid strong lens sample might look like. These lenses include a variety of objects acting as deflectors, from isolated galaxies to clusters, from early-type galaxies to edge-on disks. As many as four double-source plane lenses, in which one foreground object lenses two galaxies at two different redshifts, have already been discovered. As more data are acquired, it might become possible to detect the strong lensing signature of dwarf galaxy satellites and to find lenses with an unusually large number of images. In this paper, we try to anticipate the kind of discoveries that these data will bring along.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic thermodynamics of Bayesian updating: class-relative costs, Gaussian modes, and the limits of universality","authors":"Pablo Garcia Tello","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08326-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08326-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bayesian updating determines an ideal posterior after an observation, but it does not determine the physical resources required to produce, expose, and reset a posterior representation. We formulate Bayesian inference as a cyclic task only after specifying an admissible physical class: the charged joint system, available reservoirs and controls, output interface, accuracy criterion, cycle schedule, and closure convention. This specification is necessary because posterior sampling, posterior parameter storage, and recording the observation are distinct physical tasks. For finite-state registers and linear-Gaussian harmonic samplers, we identify an exact conditional free energy relation for a prescribed posterior register representation. When the register is conditioned on the evidence, its average nonequilibrium free energy relative to a prior-equilibrium reference equals <span>(k_{mathrm B}T)</span> times the expected posterior–prior relative entropy. For an exact posterior sampler, however, the unconditional register marginal can already coincide with the prior; the corresponding resource is therefore carried by evidence–register correlations and by conditional access to the output, not by marginal register free energy alone. The associated controller, evidence carrier, and residual correlations must be included whenever they are retained within the charged cycle. For Gaussian updates, the prior-whitened signal-to-noise spectrum decomposes the conditional resource into independent statistical modes. We also analyze an overdamped harmonic realization with a finite preparation interval. Its finite-time contribution is treated as a class-specific, endpoint-consistent control cost and is checked against the exact moment dynamics for the stated control family. These constructions provide solvable benchmarks for well-defined posterior output tasks. They do not imply an architecture-independent energy cost per Bayesian bit or per unit of information gain.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08326-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ATPAF-based multi-scroll memristive hopfield neural network and its application to image encryption","authors":"Shilong Deng,&nbsp;Jie Jin,&nbsp;Shiqiang Chen,&nbsp;Chaoyang Chen,&nbsp;Fei Yu","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08349-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08349-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the limitation of traditional activation functions for the dynamical complexity generation of Hopfield neural networks, an antisymmetric tunable potential activation function (ATPAF)-based memristive Hopfield neural network (ATP-MHNN) is proposed in this work. By integrating a non-polynomial memristor, the system generates controlled unidirectional multi-scroll attractors under external stimuli, exhibiting enhanced chaotic behaviors compared to classical models. These theoretical findings are systematically validated via FPGA hardware implementation. Furthermore, to overcome the hardware overhead of static lookup tables (LUTs) and the spatial locality vulnerabilities inherent in traditional raster-scan stream ciphers, a multi-granularity state-dependent encryption (MGSE) architecture driven by the ATP-MHNN is designed. This scheme decomposes image data into a fine-grained quaternary representation, introducing an entropy-driven dynamic substitution mechanism and variable-length block permutation. By chaining these lightweight sub-pixel algebraic operations with a global spiral topology diffusion, the encryption system achieves an S-box-LUT-free encryption transform, high-dimensional nonlinear mapping. This purely algebraic approach systematically avoids computationally expensive operations, effectively reconciling robust cryptographic security with optimal hardware execution efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LUXE: a high-precision experiment to study non-perturbative QED in electron–laser and photon–laser collisions","authors":"Aleksander Filip Żarnecki,&nbsp;on behalf of the LUXE Collaboration","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08312-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08312-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Laser Und XFEL Experiment (LUXE), in planning at DESY Hamburg, is intended to study quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong electromagnetic fields and in particular the transition from the perturbative to the non-perturbative domain. In the non-perturbative regime, electron–positron pairs tunnel out of the vacuum in a manner akin to the Schwinger process. The experiment will make precision measurements of the photon and positron rates in collisions between a high-intensity laser pulse and the 16.5 GeV electron beam of the European XFEL, or the high-energy secondary photons it produces. This contribution provides an overview and update on the work of the LUXE collaboration, as the experiment moves towards implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08312-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}