Kerr-Newman黑洞的Gibbs-Duhem方程

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI:10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06844-6

Osmar E. López-Pérez, Josué Trujillo, Miguel Socolovsky

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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们表明，与Kerr-Newman黑洞内外视界相关的强变量：绝对温度、角速度和电磁势，服从吉布斯-杜赫姆型关系，这与Smarr方程密切相关，但又截然不同。因此，类似于在普通热力学中，\(T_{\pm }\), \(\Omega _{\pm }\)和\(\Phi _{\pm }\)不是独立的量。这种关系在Kerr和Reissner-Nordström情况下也成立，而在Schwarzschild情况下，由于黑洞力学的第零定律，它很容易实现。

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Gibbs–Duhem equation for Kerr–Newman black holes

We show that the intensive variables associated with the outer and inner horizons of the Kerr–Newman black hole: absolute temperatures, angular velocities and electromagnetic potentials, obey a Gibbs–Duhem type relation, which is closely related, but however distinct, to the Smarr equation. Thus, analogously as in ordinary thermodynamics, \(T_{\pm }\), \(\Omega _{\pm }\) and \(\Phi _{\pm }\) are not independent quantities. The relation also holds in the Kerr and Reissner–Nordström cases, while in the Schwarzschild case it is trivially fulfilled due to the zeroth law of black hole mechanics.

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来源期刊

The European Physical Journal Plus PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

8.80%

发文量

1150

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The aims of this peer-reviewed online journal are to distribute and archive all relevant material required to document, assess, validate and reconstruct in detail the body of knowledge in the physical and related sciences. The scope of EPJ Plus encompasses a broad landscape of fields and disciplines in the physical and related sciences - such as covered by the topical EPJ journals and with the explicit addition of geophysics, astrophysics, general relativity and cosmology, mathematical and quantum physics, classical and fluid mechanics, accelerator and medical physics, as well as physics techniques applied to any other topics, including energy, environment and cultural heritage.