Cancer risk assessment of natural radioactivity in some areas at Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq

IF 2.9 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

The European Physical Journal Plus Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI:10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06841-9

Leith Hani Rasheed, Muhanad Alrakabi, Ali Abid Abojassim

{"title":"Cancer risk assessment of natural radioactivity in some areas at Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Leith Hani Rasheed, Muhanad Alrakabi, Ali Abid Abojassim","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06841-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humans have been exposed to natural radioactivity from soil since the beginning of their existence on Earth. Making it a serious risk to human health and the environment. This study aims to evaluate the specific activity of natural radionuclides (uranium-238, thorium-232, and potassium-40) and radiological hazard indexes in soil samples from nine regions in Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The Geographic Information System (GIS) technique was used to map the results. The average specific activity of <sup>238</sup>U ranged from 18.28 ± 7.98 Bq/kg in the Al-Karma region to 54.96 ± 27.89 Bq/kg in the Rawa region. The results for 232Th ranged from 9.83 ± 4.04 Bq/kg in the Anah region to 23.61 ± 8.26 Bq/kg in the Ramadi region, while the results for 40K ranged from 148.68 ± 71.42 Bq/kg in the Rawa region to 367.74 ± 45.97 Bq/kg in the Ramadi region. Additionally, the average values of Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) due to 238U, 232Th, and 40K in all regions were between 0.11 × 10<sup>−3</sup> and 0.18 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, which is below the global average limit. The results of the specific activity of 238U in five regions were lower than the world level, while the results for 232Th and 40K were lower than the international level. Overall, the cancer risk results for the studied areas in Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq, were within the safe limit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The European Physical Journal Plus","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06841-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Humans have been exposed to natural radioactivity from soil since the beginning of their existence on Earth. Making it a serious risk to human health and the environment. This study aims to evaluate the specific activity of natural radionuclides (uranium-238, thorium-232, and potassium-40) and radiological hazard indexes in soil samples from nine regions in Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The Geographic Information System (GIS) technique was used to map the results. The average specific activity of ²³⁸U ranged from 18.28 ± 7.98 Bq/kg in the Al-Karma region to 54.96 ± 27.89 Bq/kg in the Rawa region. The results for 232Th ranged from 9.83 ± 4.04 Bq/kg in the Anah region to 23.61 ± 8.26 Bq/kg in the Ramadi region, while the results for 40K ranged from 148.68 ± 71.42 Bq/kg in the Rawa region to 367.74 ± 45.97 Bq/kg in the Ramadi region. Additionally, the average values of Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) due to 238U, 232Th, and 40K in all regions were between 0.11 × 10⁻³ and 0.18 × 10⁻³, which is below the global average limit. The results of the specific activity of 238U in five regions were lower than the world level, while the results for 232Th and 40K were lower than the international level. Overall, the cancer risk results for the studied areas in Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq, were within the safe limit.

查看原文本刊更多论文

伊拉克安巴尔省一些地区天然放射性的癌症风险评估

自从人类在地球上生存以来，就一直暴露在土壤中的天然放射性物质中。使其对人类健康和环境构成严重威胁。本研究旨在评价伊拉克安巴尔省9个地区土壤样品中天然放射性核素（铀-238、钍-232和钾-40）的比活度和放射性危害指数。利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术对结果进行制图。Al-Karma地区238U的平均比活度为18.28±7.98 Bq/kg， Rawa地区为54.96±27.89 Bq/kg。Anah地区232Th的测定结果为9.83±4.04 Bq/kg ~ Ramadi地区23.61±8.26 Bq/kg， Rawa地区40K的测定结果为148.68±71.42 Bq/kg ~ Ramadi地区367.74±45.97 Bq/kg。此外，238U、232Th和40K导致的超额终身癌症风险（ELCR）平均值在0.11 × 10−3 ~ 0.18 × 10−3之间，低于全球平均值。238U在5个地区的比活度均低于世界水平，232Th和40K的比活度均低于国际水平。总体而言，伊拉克安巴尔省研究地区的癌症风险结果在安全范围内。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

The European Physical Journal Plus PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

8.80%

发文量

1150

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The aims of this peer-reviewed online journal are to distribute and archive all relevant material required to document, assess, validate and reconstruct in detail the body of knowledge in the physical and related sciences. The scope of EPJ Plus encompasses a broad landscape of fields and disciplines in the physical and related sciences - such as covered by the topical EPJ journals and with the explicit addition of geophysics, astrophysics, general relativity and cosmology, mathematical and quantum physics, classical and fluid mechanics, accelerator and medical physics, as well as physics techniques applied to any other topics, including energy, environment and cultural heritage.