物理最新文献

{"title":"Single phase trimetallic calcium zinc titanate (CaZnTi2O4) multifunctional nanomaterial: photocatalytic dye degradation, energy storage and sensing applications","authors":"H. M. Deepa,&nbsp;H. P. Nagaswarupa,&nbsp;Ramchandra Naik,&nbsp;N. Basavaraju,&nbsp;Jae Hong Kim,&nbsp;Burragoni Sravanthi Goud,&nbsp;Abdullah N. Alodhayb,&nbsp;Saravanan Pandiaraj","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08530-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08530-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable and scalable Calcium zinc titanate (CaZnTi₂O₄ (CZT)) nanomaterial were investigated. Characterizations of CZT nanomaterial reveals that, it has a polycrystalline nature with crystallite size ̴ 48 nm and band gap was estimated to be 3.25 eV. The CZT NPs material proved to be an efficient photocatalyst by degrading 80% and 78.12% respectively for congo red and MB dyes under UV light. Energy storage and heavy metal ions sensing properties of CZT nanomaterial was investigated by developing a CZT modified carbon paste electrode and found that it exhibits a specific capacitance (C_sp) of 900 F/g and 90% stable after 800 cycles. Electrochemical sensing analysis revealed that limit of detection and quantification were found to be 5.61 μM and 18.70 µM for lead, and 1.18 μM and 3.9 μM for mercury respectively. These results make the nanomaterial a promising candidate for environmental and energy applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving of structural, conduction mechanisms, dielectric, optical properties of the sol–gel produced half-doped La0.5Ba0.5CrO3 perovskite for electronics devices, non-linear optical and optoelectronic applications","authors":"Fakher Hcini,&nbsp;Jabeur Khelifi,&nbsp;Kamel Khirouni","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08612-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08612-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this work is to investigate the structural, optical, electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties of the sol–gel produced half-doped La_0.5Ba_0.5CrO₃ perovskite. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction measurement confirms its orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group. The pattern reveals uniform crystallization of the produced powder, demonstrating a pure phase with no additional phases. It is apparent that the crystalline grain size grows when adding Ba²⁺ ion into the parent LaCrO₃ sample. Besides, the <i>E</i>_<i>g</i> value of La_0.5Ba_0.5CrO₃ sample is lower compared to the parent LaCrO₃ perovskite. It is apparent that the incorporation of Ba⁺² element in LaCrO₃ sample clearly lowers its band gap energy, which improved its optoelectronic properties. Based to the experimental refractive index, numerous theoretical optical characteristics like reflection loss (<i>R</i>_<i>L</i>), molar refractive index (<i>R</i>_<i>m</i>), molar electronic polarizability (<i>α</i>_<i>m</i>), and the non-linear optical features were examined for our sample. We employ an altered conduction relation referenced by Jonscher, to analyses the <i>σ</i>(<i>f</i>, <i>T</i>) data for our sample. It is found that our compound presents significant electrical resistivity, this renders them useful for microwave applications that needed minimal eddy currents. The investigation of electronic transport properties revealed a semiconductor behavior in the specimen, aligning with the correlated barrier hopping mechanism (CBH) and the Non-Overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling (NSPT) model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyridoxine SERS sensing using small triangular-like silver nanoclusters","authors":"R. Munguía-Arvayo,&nbsp;N. S. Flores-López,&nbsp;A. R. Hernández-Martínez,&nbsp;H. Valenzuela-Martínez,&nbsp;R. Britto Hurtado,&nbsp;A. Navarro-Badilla,&nbsp;P. G. Mani-González,&nbsp;J. E. Leal-Perez,&nbsp;Gilberto Acosta-González,&nbsp;L. F. López-Vázquez,&nbsp;H. Arizpe-Chávez,&nbsp;M. Flores-Acosta,&nbsp;M. Cortez-Valadez","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08618-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08618-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) smaller than 2 nm, synthesized via a green approach, were evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterized the morphology of the AgNCs, revealing faceted particles, particularly triangular shapes. Optical absorption analysis demonstrated behavior indicative of quantum confinement effects on their optical properties. The potential of AgNCs as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in detecting pyridoxine was assessed, with experimental results showing an intensification of specific vibrational bands of pyridoxine upon interaction with the AgNCs, suggesting strong analyte-metal surface interactions. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, predicted this behavior and provided evidence of electronic transitions and the SERS effect. These results indicate that AgNCs hold significant potential for applications in molecular detection and spectroscopic analysis, underscoring the influence of size and morphology on their optical properties and SERS performance. Further theoretical evaluation of the total enhancement indicator (TEI) for different excitation wavelengths (532 and 638 nm) yielded key insights, offering a roadmap to optimize experimental conditions and enhance SERS sensitivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure-based constitutive modeling of flow stress behavior of Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-3Mo-1.5Cr-2Nb alloy at thermo-mechanical processing conditions","authors":"Hyon Song Pak,&nbsp;Kyong Ho Sim,&nbsp;Bom Hae Ri,&nbsp;Gun Song Jang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08625-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08625-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The response of a Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-3Mo-1.5Cr-2Nb alloy to the flow stress behavior was satisfactorily represented by a microstructure-based constitutive model. True stress-strain curves obtained by isothermal uniaxial compression tests under various thermo-mechanical processing conditions (temperature– 890, 920, 950, 980, 1010 °C, strain rate– 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 s^− 1) were used for constitutive modeling. A new model was developed, mainly on the basis of the dislocation density theory and dynamic restoration mechanism. The Zener-Hollomon parameter was calculated through the development of Arrhenius type model on peak stresses. Also, a work hardening and dynamic recovery model and a dynamic recrystallization model were developed. The determination coefficient and the average absolute relative error of the developed constitutive model are 0.9955 and 2.95%. And the mean absolute error and root mean square error are also calculated and they are 1.8 MPa and 2.7 MPa. The comparison between measured and predicted flow stresses shows that the established constitutive model has the better accuracy than the constitutive models reported in literatures. In consequence of all, it was come to the conclusion that the developed microstructure-based constitutive model is wonderfully suitable to the numerical simulation of a Ti-6Al-2Zr-2Sn-3Mo-1.5Cr-2Nb alloy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SOCIAL project: measurement of the (^{14})N(p,(gamma )^{15})O cross section","authors":"Giulia Gosta,&nbsp;Rosanna Depalo for the LUNA collaboration","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01561-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01561-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar neutrinos play a significant role in constraining the physical conditions in the interior of the Sun and are a unique tool to investigate its core composition. The <span>(^{14})</span>N(p,<span>(gamma )</span>)<span>(^{15})</span>O cross section is the dominant nuclear uncertainty on CNO neutrino flux predictions. At Solar energies (15–50 keV) such a cross-section is too low to be measured directly, therefore current estimates are based on extrapolations of higher energy data. The SOCIAL (SOlar Composition Investigated At LUNA) project aims at determining the <span>(^{14})</span>N(p,<span>(gamma )</span>)<span>(^{15})</span>O reaction rate at astrophysical energies with 5% precision, as requested by Solar models. We take advantage of the much suppressed <span>(gamma )</span>-ray background achievable in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory to measure <span>(^{14})</span>N(p,<span>(gamma )</span>)<span>(^{15})</span>O partial cross-section in the 100–370 keV energy range. We deliver an intense proton beam from the LUNA accelerator to a solid nitrogen target. <span>(gamma )</span>-rays are detected with a high-efficiency 4<span>(pi )</span>-BGO detector composed of 6 independent segments. The data analysis technique will lead to determine the total and the partial cross-sections for individual gamma transitions. An overview of the experimental setup and the analysis technique are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01561-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for tensor polarized deuterons in Hall D at Jefferson lab","authors":"Mark M. Dalton,&nbsp;Alexandre Deur,&nbsp;Christopher D. Keith","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01580-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01580-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hall D at Jefferson lab is an ideal place to install a polarized deuteron target which can be “tensor polarized”, allowing the separation of the spin states <span>(m=0,pm 1)</span> or the measurement of tensor asymmetries. The bremsstrahlung photon beam with 12 GeV endpoint provides very little heating or radiation damage compared to an electron beam, allowing the target to be run in frozen spin mode. Adiabatic fast passage spin manipulations can then be used to greatly enhance the population of the <span>(m=0)</span> spin state of the deuteron. Coherent photoproduction of <span>(rho )</span> mesons from deuterium is sensitive to double-scattering at high momentum transfer and in the <span>(m=0)</span> spin state an additional sensitivity at intermediate momentum transfer opens up. We propose a frozen spin target for Hall D and the measurement of <span>(rho )</span> photoproduced coherently from the deuteron as a flagship measurement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction and identification of pairs of collimated (tau )-leptons decaying hadronically using (sqrt{s}=13) TeV pp collision data with the ATLAS detector","authors":"ATLAS Collaboration","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14075-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14075-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes an algorithm for reconstructing and identifying a highly collimated hadronically decaying <span>(tau )</span>-lepton pair with low transverse momentum. When two <span>(tau )</span>-leptons are highly collimated, their visible decay products might overlap, degrading the reconstruction performance for each of the <span>(tau )</span>-leptons. A dedicated treatment attempting to tag the <span>(tau )</span>-lepton pair as a single object is required. The reconstruction algorithm is based on a large radius jet and its associated two leading subjets, and the identification uses a boosted decision tree to discriminate between signatures from <span>(tau ^+tau ^-)</span> systems and those arising from QCD jets. The efficiency of the identification algorithm is measured in <span>(Zgamma )</span> events using proton–proton collision data at <span>(sqrt{s}=13)</span> TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <span>(139,text{ fb}^{-1})</span>. The resulting data-to-simulation scale factors are close to unity with uncertainties ranging from 26 to 37%. \u0000\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14075-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-diagonal deformations of regular Schwarzschild black holes and general relativistic G. Perelman thermodynamics","authors":"Sergiu I. Vacaru,&nbsp;Elşen Veli Veliev","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14271-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14271-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We construct new classes of solutions describing generic off-diagonal deformations of regular Schwarzschild black holes (BHs) in general relativity (GR). Examples of such (primary) diagonal metrics reducing the Einstein equations to integrable systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations were studied in a recent work by Casadio et al. (Phys Rev D 111:064036, 2025). We develop and apply our anholonomic frame and connection deformations method, which allows us to generate new classes of target off-diagonal solutions. Ansatz that reduces the gravitational field equations to systems of (exactly or parametric) integrable systems of nonlinear partial differential equations are used. We find and analyze certain families of deformed regular BHs containing an off-diagonal de Sitter condensate encoding solitonic vacuum configurations, with possible deformations of horizons and/or gravitational polarizations of constants. We emphasize that general off-diagonal solutions do not involve certain hypersurface or holographic configurations. This means that the Bekenstein–Hawking thermodynamic paradigm is not applicable for characterizing the physical properties of such target regular solutions. We argue that the concept of G. Perelman’s entropy and relativistic geometric flow thermodynamics is more appropriate. Using nonlinear symmetries involving effective cosmological constants, we show how to compute thermodynamic variables for various classes of physically essential solutions in GR.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14271-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternating current voltammetry: predicting and visualizing harmonics","authors":"Chase Bruggeman","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08435-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08435-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternating current voltammetry (ACV) is gaining popularity for its ability to improve the yield of electrochemical syntheses, and for its ability to improve the sensitivity of electroanalytical measurements. Chief among the analytical advantages of ACV is its ability to generate an alternating current at integer multiples (harmonics) of the applied frequency, effectively gathering several datasets at once. However, interpretation of ACV data is hindered by the lack of a unified theory to predict higher harmonics for arbitrary reaction schemes, and by the experimental artefacts of uncompensated cell resistance and background current. The present paper outlines a method for predicting an arbitrary number of harmonics for systems with up to two charge transfer events and any number of coupled first-order chemical reactions, accounting also for cell resistance and background current described by a constant phase element. Results for an “ideal\" experiment (no cell resistance and no background current) are presented up to the third harmonic for schemes with first-order reactions, and up to the first harmonic for schemes with second-order reactions. After these “ideal\" cases, the effects of cell resistance and background current are explored. In general, irreversible charge transfer causes smaller phase angles, and coupled chemical reactions cause the aspect ratios of complex-plane ACV plots to become more circular. Uncompensated cell resistance can also lower the phase angle, imitating the effects of slow charge transfer or fast chemical reactions. At high frequencies, a combination of cell resistance and capacitance can cause the error in the potential to be so great that the current magnitude actually decreases with the onset of charge transfer. An ability to interpret the electrochemical fingerprints of each system in ACV experiments, as a function of the underlying physical parameters, can aid in the design of electrochemical devices that rely on the controlled utilization of electrochemical reactivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08435-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to black hole thermodynamics","authors":"Edward Witten","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06288-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06288-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>These notes aim to provide an introduction to the basics of black hole thermodynamics. After explaining Bekenstein’s original proposal that black holes have entropy, we discuss Hawking’s discovery of black hole radiation, its analog for Rindler space in the Unruh effect, the Euclidean approach to black hole thermodynamics, some basics about von Neumann entropy and its applications, the Ryu–Takayanagi formula, and the nature of a white hole.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}