物理最新文献

{"title":"Dielectronic recombination into high-n Rydberg shells","authors":"S. Fritzsche,&nbsp;H. K. Huang,&nbsp;Z.-K. Huang,&nbsp;S. Schippers,&nbsp;W. Q. Wen,&nbsp;Z. W. Wu","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00969-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00969-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dielectronic recombination (DR) of multiply and highly charged ions often proceeds due to the capture of electrons into high-<i>n</i> Rydberg orbitals. The formation of these high-<i>n</i> resonances is relevant to the dynamics of low-temperature plasma and has been explored especially for the DR of initially lithium-like ions. Despite the great interest in low-temperature plasma rate coefficients for different ions, however, several difficulties have hampered the modeling of high-<i>n</i> resonances owing to their complex shell and fine structure, or merely the size of these ions in their doubly excited state. To improve the modeling of DR processes with high-<i>n</i> Rydberg orbitals, we here expand and illustrate the use of JAC, the Jena Atomic Calculator. In particular, we now support several empirical corrections in order to synthesize DR spectra for a wide range of positive ions. This expansion also prepares JAC for a new class of storage-ring experiments that aim for determining improved valence-shell excitations energies of (highly charged) beryllium- and other few-electron ions. To demonstrate this expansion of the JAC code, we here compute and discuss the low-lying DR resonances of initially beryllium-like Pt<span>(^{78+})</span> ions and compare the predicted spectra with previous measurements and computations. Beside this rather uninvolved example, the JAC toolbox is suitable for many other, if not most, multiply and highly charged ions across the periodic table.</p><p>Well-known difficulties and challenges in dealing with high-n dielectronic recombination (DR) computations</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00969-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muonium fine structure: theory update, tests of Lorentz violation, and experimental prospects","authors":"Philipp Blumer,&nbsp;Svenja Geissmann,&nbsp;Arnaldo J. Vargas,&nbsp;Gianluca Janka,&nbsp;Ben Ohayon,&nbsp;Paolo Crivelli","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00971-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00971-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We review the status of the QED calculations for the muonium <span>(2S_{1/2}-2P_{3/2})</span> energy interval and provide the updated theoretical value of 9874.357(1)<span>({,{textrm{MHz}},})</span>. Additionally, we present a model for probing Lorentz-violating coefficients within the Standard Model Extension framework using the fine structure measurement in the presence and absence of a weak external magnetic field, enabling novel tests of CPT and Lorentz symmetry. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate that a precision of <span>(sim {10,mathrm{text {k}text {Hz}}})</span> on the isolated <span>(2S_{1/2}, F=1 - 2P_{3/2}, F=1)</span> transition could be achievable employing Ramsey’s separate oscillatory fields (SOF) technique. Collecting the required statistics will become feasible with the upcoming High-Intensity Muon Beam (HiMB) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland. These advancements will enable precise tests of radiative QED corrections and nuclear self-energy contributions, while also providing tests of new physics and sensitivity to unconstrained coefficients for Lorentz violation within the Standard Model Extension framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00971-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral cavity damage as a potential health risk from germicidal UV lamp use in occupational and emergency situations","authors":"Vincenzo Camisa,&nbsp;Salvatore Zaffina,&nbsp;Elena Solfaroli Camillocci,&nbsp;Davide Ciucci,&nbsp;Gian Marco Contessa,&nbsp;Emanuele Coscia,&nbsp;Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio,&nbsp;Annapaola Santoro,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Vinci,&nbsp;Massimo Borra,&nbsp;Vittorio Cannatà","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06190-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06190-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing needs for protection from COVID-19 pandemic and biological-related risks together with the broader availability of new technologies have led to a widespread use of UV germicidal lamps in many contexts. Safety is a major concern in the use of these devices especially in emergency situations. Skin and eye are commonly recognized as target organs for exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Nevertheless, adverse effects were also observed in the oral cavity of two healthcare workers after an accidental exposure to a germicidal lamp in hospital pharmacy. An experimental on-the-field study was set up to provide a risk assessment of accidental UVR exposure in the oral cavity. An adult manikin was adapted to reproduce real exposure in different postures. The oral cavity was exposed for 30 min (half of the time the workers spent at the workstation). The accumulated radiant energy per unit area was slightly above the limit for human biologically effective radiant exposure to UVR of eyes and skin within an 8-h period according to the ICNIRP guideline (30 J/m²). A UV-C exposure &gt; 100 J/m² was assessed in correspondence to the lips of the manikin. The high humidity presents in the oral cavity and the absence of the stratum corneum in some areas might enhance the epithelium photo-damage due to UV-C, highlighting a potential risk of adverse effects to the oral cavity from exposure to artificial sources of UV-C radiation. Specific UVR exposure limits for the oral mucosa could be developed to prevent and protect workers’ health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06190-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizations and development of Sn-6.5Zn-0.5Cu-0.2Ni lead-free solder doped with titanium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles for microelectronic applications","authors":"H. S. Mohamed,&nbsp;M. A. Mahmoud,&nbsp;M. M. Mousa","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08332-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08332-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stricter specifications have been set on the characteristics of Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni lead-free solders due to the advancement of microelectronic packaging and the growing need for solder joints to have specialized service environments. Therefore, nanoparticles have been widely used to enhance the properties of such solders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nanoparticles on characterizations for Sn-6.5Zn-0.5Cu-0.2Ni lead-free solder. Thermal properties such as the melting temperature, solidus, and liquidus temperatures, as well as the pasty range and heat of fusion of Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni, Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni-TiO₂, and Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni-ZrO₂ solders, were investigated by the Differential Temperature Analysis (DTA) technique. Also, the electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and the temperature coefficient of resistance were measured at different testing temperatures. From microstructure analysis, the lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and crystal size of the β-Sn matrix are improved by adding TiO₂ or ZrO₂ nanoparticles. Also, the grain size of the β-Sn is decreased with a uniform distribution of intermetallic compounds upon adding TiO₂ or ZrO₂ nanoparticles. The internal friction, thermal diffusivity, and Young’s modulus were enhanced with the addition of TiO₂ or ZrO₂ nanoparticles, and the best effect is for ZrO₂ nanoparticles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08332-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictions for photon-jet correlations at forward rapidities in heavy-ion collisions","authors":"Souvik Priyam Adhya,&nbsp;Krzysztof Kutak,&nbsp;Wiesław Płaczek,&nbsp;Martin Rohrmoser,&nbsp;Konrad Tywoniuk","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14020-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14020-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we study for the first time jet-medium interactions in heavy-ion collisions with introduction of saturation and Sudakov effects with parameters tuned for upcoming forward calorimeter acceptances in experiments, in particular the ALICE FoCal detector. We focus on <span>(gamma +)</span>jet correlations by taking into account in-medium parton evolution using the BDIM equation that describes jet interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) combined with vacuum-like emissions (VLE). We systematically introduce the early time gluon saturation dynamics through the small-<i>x</i> Improved Transverse Momentum Dependent factorization (ITMD). For our purpose, we use Monte Carlo programs <span>KATIE</span> and <span>TMDICE</span> to generate hard events and in-medium parton evolution, respectively. We present results of azimuthal correlations and nuclear modification ratios to gauge the impact of the gluon saturation effects at early time for the in-medium jet energy loss.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14020-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Momentum-space Langevin dynamics of holographic Wilsonian RG flow: self-interacting massive scalar field with marginal deformation","authors":"Ji-seong Chae,&nbsp;Jae-Hyuk Oh","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14037-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14037-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We explore the mathematical relationship between the holographic Wilsonian renormalization group (HWRG) and stochastic quantization(SQ) motivated by the similarity of the monotonicity in RG flow with Langevin dynamics of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. We look at scalar field theory in AdS space with its generic mass, self-interaction, and marginal boundary deformation in the momentum space. Identifying the stochastic time <i>t</i> with radial coordinate <i>r</i> in AdS, we establish maps between the fictitious time evolution of stochastic multi-point correlation function and the radial evolution of multi-trace deformation, which respectively, express the relaxation process of Langevin dynamics and holographic RG flow. We show that the multi-trace deformations in the HWRG are successfully captured by the Langevin dynamics of SQ.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14037-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic dipole moments of the singly-heavy baryons with spin-(frac{1}{2}) and spin-(frac{3}{2})","authors":"Ulaş Özdem","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01536-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01536-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electromagnetic characteristics of singly-heavy baryons at low energies are responsive to their internal composition, structural configuration, and the associated chiral dynamics of light diquarks. To gain further insight, experimentalists attempt to measure the magnetic dipole moments of singly-charm baryons at the LHC. Given these developments, we conducted an extensive analysis of the magnetic dipole moments of both <span>(mathrm{J^P}=frac{1}{2}^+)</span> and <span>(mathrm{J^P}=frac{3}{2}^+)</span> singly-heavy baryons employing the QCD light-cone sum rules. Our findings have been compared with other phenomenological estimations that could prove a valuable supplementary resource for interpreting the singly-heavy baryon sector. To shed light on the internal structure of these baryons we study the contributions of the individual quark sectors to the magnetic dipole moments. It was observed that the magnetic dipole moments of the spin-<span>(frac{1}{2})</span> sextet singly-heavy baryons are governed by the light quarks. Conversely, the role of the heavy quark is significantly enhanced for the spin-<span>(frac{1}{2})</span> anti-triplet and spin-<span>(frac{3}{2})</span> sextet singly-heavy baryons. The contribution of light and heavy quarks is observed to have an inverse relationship. The signs of the magnetic dipole moments demonstrate the interaction of the spin degrees of freedom of the quarks. The opposing signs of the light and heavy-quark magnetic dipole moments imply that the spins of these quarks are anti-aligned concerning each other in the baryon. As a byproduct, the electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of spin-<span>(frac{3}{2})</span> singly-heavy baryons are also calculated. We ascertained the existence of non-zero values for the electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of these baryons, indicative of a non-spherical charge distribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01536-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and validation of high-grade coals using spectroscopic, proximate, and multivariate techniques","authors":"Vineet Kumar Shukla,&nbsp;Abhishek Kr. Rai,&nbsp;Johannes Kiefer,&nbsp;Awadhesh Kr. Rai","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08448-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08448-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal is still the main primary energy source worldwide despite being a major source of carbon dioxide and other emissions. In order to improve combustion efficiency, to reduce pollutant emission and for pricing purposes, a rapid tool for coal analysis is desirable. In this work, we demonstrate that laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can provide a comprehensive analysis of high-grade coals using anthracite and bituminous as examples. LIBS is capable of detecting elements such as C, Fe, Na, Mg, Mn, Ti, Si, and Al, but also of some toxic elements such as Ba and Sr. The result of the LIBS elemental analysis is confirmed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, we show the determination of the coal rank, which is a measure of the state of coalification, from the H/C line intensity ratio in the LIBS spectra. Proximate analysis has been performed to specify the quality of the different coal samples and has been correlated with the results obtained by the LIBS technique. Multivariate techniques for data analysis such as Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchy Clustering Analysis were employed to differentiate the coal samples. The results obtained from LIBS show good agreement with the state-of-the-art proximate analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic tuning of WS3/rGO nanocomposites for optimized electrochemical hydrogen evolution","authors":"Ashna Verma,&nbsp; Shreya,&nbsp;Peeyush Phogat,&nbsp;N. L. Singh,&nbsp;Ranjana Jha","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08439-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08439-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the synthesis and characterization of a composite material comprising tungsten trisulfide (WS₃) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), investigating the role of the variation of constituent materials and their role in optimizing the properties. A series of rGO/WS₃ nanocomposites has been synthesized and found that their properties can be precisely controlled by modifying the ratio of their constituent materials. The combination of these two materials, along with minor adjustments to the rGO proportions, resulted in improved structural, optical, and morphological properties, as well as enhanced electrocatalyst stability. The as-synthesized WS₃/rGO nanocomposites exhibited absorbance in both the UV and visible regions, with the band gap varying from 0.98 eV to 1.51 eV. Morphological analysis revealed that as the rGO content increased, the visibility of rGO nanosheets within the nanocomposites also proportionally increased. This synergy between WS₃ and rGO improves the overall electrochemical and optoelectronic performance, proving the material’s potential for advanced energy storage and conversion applications. Electrochemical characterization revealed the coexistence of both diffusive and capacitive behavior, which became more pronounced with increasing rGO content. The WS₃/rGO nanocomposites exhibited specific capacitance values ranging from 0.2 F/g to 0.05 F/g. Additionally, the decrease in specific capacitance with increasing scan rate suggests the presence of pseudocapacitive behavior. This dual functionality highlights the tunability of WS₃/rGO composites, offering a versatile approach for optimizing these materials for both energy storage and hydrogen production applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Interpretable phase structure and hardness prediction of multi-principal element alloys through ensemble learning","authors":"Xiaohui Li,&nbsp;Zicong Li,&nbsp;Chenghao Hou,&nbsp;Nan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08415-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08415-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}