物理最新文献

{"title":"920℃ high-temperature wetting behaviors of molten aluminum on laser-textured cast iron surface","authors":"Xin Lyu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Rui,&nbsp;Haobo Sun,&nbsp;Chao Mei,&nbsp;Wandong Cheng,&nbsp;Kang Lu,&nbsp;Yun Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the anti-wetting behavior of liquid aluminum on microtextured QT700 cast iron surfaces for vacuum ladle applications. Periodic surface microstructures (micro-circular grooves, micro-pits, micro-grooves) are fabricated on QT700 substrates via nanosecond laser processing, with subsequent aluminum wetting dynamics analyzed at 900 °C using an advanced sessile drop apparatus equipped with high-speed imaging. Results demonstrate that all laser-generated microstructures inhibit aluminum wetting, exhibiting higher equilibrium contact angles compared to smooth surfaces. Micro-pit patterns show the most significant anti-wetting effect, achieving a maximum contact angle of 77°. Cross-sectional SEM-EDS analysis reveals vertical growth of intermetallic compounds at three-phase junctions, which mechanically pin the contact line through capillary force-induced reaction enhancement. Notably, the intermetallic layer thickness exceeds laser-ablated groove depth, resulting in similar final interface morphologies across textured and smooth surfaces. These findings provide mechanistic insights for designing non-wetting ladle linings through controlled interfacial reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of structured light and controlled-NOT gate in microwave regime","authors":"Parkhi Bhardwaj,&nbsp;Shubhrangshu Dasgupta","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08451-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08451-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose how to generate beams with non-zero orbital angular momentum in the microwave domain using atomic vapor medium and coherent control techniques. Our approach utilizes a difference frequency generation process in a centrosymmetric medium in the presence of a DC electric field for frequency conversion and parametric amplification. By employing phase matching conditions and orbital angular momentum conservation, we constructed a Controlled NOT gate using a three-level atomic configuration. By generating Laguerre-Gaussian fields in the microwave domain, we open up novel possibilities for advanced information processing in wireless communication and potential applications in quantum technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling new quiescent dark and singular solitary solutions of the Fokas–Lenells equation","authors":"Şebnem Gökdeniz Sıvakcı,&nbsp;Yakup Yıldırım,&nbsp;Aydın Seçer","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06198-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06198-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates novel quiescent solitary waves in the Fokas–Lenells equation, a vital and versatile model in nonlinear dynamics used to describe wave propagation phenomena in optical fibers, plasma physics, and fluid systems. The Fokas–Lenells equation is notable for its ability to capture nonlinear and dispersive effects, making it a cornerstone for understanding complex wave behaviors in various physical contexts. By employing advanced analytical techniques, we derive new classes of dark and singular solitons. These solutions, previously unexplored in the context of the Fokas–Lenells equation, significantly enhance the repertoire of soliton solutions available for this nonlinear system. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic application of these diverse methods, providing a comparative analysis that underscores their respective strengths and practical advantages in addressing nonlinear evolution equations. The derived solutions not only demonstrate the efficacy and versatility of these techniques, but also reveal intricate dynamics inherent to the Fokas–Lenells equation. The physical significance of the newly obtained solutions is thoroughly examined, highlighting their relevance in describing interactions of waves in nonlinear optical and fluid systems. Such insights are crucial for advancing theoretical models and practical applications in fields where nonlinear wave phenomena are prominent. This study contributes to the ongoing development of soliton theory by extending the analytical framework used for solving the Fokas–Lenells equation, deepening the theoretical understanding of this model, and laying the groundwork for future explorations into soliton behaviors and nonlinear science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06198-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold source of atomic hydrogen for loading large magnetic traps","authors":"Aleksei Semakin,&nbsp;Janne Ahokas,&nbsp;Otto Hanski,&nbsp;Slava Dvornichenko,&nbsp;Tom Kiilerich,&nbsp;François Nez,&nbsp;Pauline Yzombard,&nbsp;Valery Nesvizhevsky,&nbsp;Eberhard Widmann,&nbsp;Paolo Crivelli,&nbsp;Sergey Vasiliev","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00976-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00976-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a design and performance tests of an intense source of cold hydrogen atoms for loading large magnetic traps. Our source is based on a cryogenic dissociator of molecular hydrogen at 0.6 K followed by a series of thermal accommodators at 0.5, 0.2 and 0.13 K with inner surfaces covered by a superfluid helium film. All components are thermally anchored to corresponding stages of a dilution refrigerator. The source provides a continuous flux of <span>(7times 10^{13})</span> H atoms/s in a temperature range of 130–200 mK. We have successfully used the source for loading a large Ioffe–Pritchard magnetic trap recently built in our laboratory (Ahokas et al. in Rev Sci Instrum 93(2):023201, 2022). Calorimetric measurements of the atomic recombination heat allow reliable determination of the atomic flux and H gas density in the trap. We have tested the performance of the source and loading of H atoms into the trap at various configurations of the trapping field, reducing the magnetic barrier height to 75<span>(%)</span> and 50<span>(%)</span> of the nominal value of 0.8 T (0.54 K) as well as at the open configuration of the trap at its lower end, when the atoms are in contact with the trapping cell walls covered by a superfluid helium film. In the latter case, raising the trapping cell temperature to 200–250 mK, the low-field seeking atoms at densities exceeding 10<span>(^{11})</span> <span>(hbox {cm}^{-3})</span> can be stored for the time over 10<span>(^3)</span> s, sufficiently long for experiments on precision spectroscopy of cold H gas.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-00976-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic properties of soliton solutions for the generalized KDKK and BK equations","authors":"Deniu Yang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06218-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06218-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to study dynamic properties of soliton solutions for the generalized KDKK and BK equations. The bilinear form and N-soliton are obtained using the Hirota bilinear method. Under the condition <span>(a_{ij}=0)</span>, <span>(a_{ij}={{infty }})</span>, <span>(a_{ij}approx 0)</span> or <span>(a_{ij}={{infty }})</span>, the resonant collision between two solitons, three solitons are analyzed in detail, respectively. The X-shaped, double X-shaped, and Y-shaped solitons are obtained. For the complex conjugate parameters, the interaction between a solitary and a breather is discussed via their phase shifts. In particular, the process of the interaction is analyzed, and the phenomena of fusion and fission which have important physical significance are discovered. The asymptotic interaction behavior of these solutions is analyzed theoretically and demonstrated visually by plots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06218-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of centrifugal potential on (alpha ) decay properties","authors":"Jia-Jia Liu,&nbsp;Shi-Hui Cheng,&nbsp;Wen-Ting Wu,&nbsp;Feng-Shou Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01541-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01541-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The centrifugal potential has a significant impact on the total potential of the <span>(alpha )</span> decay system. But it is always ignored in many models and semi-empirical formulas. In this work, an improved semi-empirical formula including the contribution of centrifugal potential for <span>(alpha )</span> decay half-lives has been proposed based on the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) barrier penetration. Compared to other semi-classical formulas, the formula in this work has the smallest standard deviation. By using this formula, the <span>(alpha )</span> decay half-lives of even–even and odd-A nuclei with atomic numbers <i>Z</i> = 117, 118, 119, and 120 are predicted. The calculated <span>(alpha )</span> decay half-lives of ²⁹³Ts and ²⁹⁴Og exhibit good agreement with experimental measurements. The characteristics of predicted <span>(alpha )</span> decay energy and half-lives indicate that <i>N</i> = 184 is the next neutron magic number after <i>N</i> = 126. Finally, the competition between <span>(alpha )</span> decay and spontaneous fission is investigated. The decay modes for isotopes ^289–317Ts, ^290–318Og, ^291–319119, and ^292–320120 are also shown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01541-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of self-healing strain sensor based on AgNWs and Fe2O3 nanocomposite on engineered polyurethane substrate","authors":"Shahab Alam,&nbsp;Arfa Asif,&nbsp;Maryam Bibi,&nbsp;Gul Hassan,&nbsp;Ahmed Shuja,&nbsp;Illahi Jan Shah,&nbsp;Zubair Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08438-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of flexible and self-healing electromechanical sensors has garnered increasing attention recently because of its numerous applications in various sectors. A simple, low-cost sandwich-structured strain sensor was made employing silver nanowires (AgNWs) and ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanocomposite on an engineered Polyurethane (PU) substrate with good sensitivity, bendability, stretchability, and self-healing. With a GF of 42.84 at 30% of applied strain, the nanocomposite-based strain sensor PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU is highly sensitive. Due to many factors, including the magnetic force of iron oxide healing the conductive layer and reverse hydrogen bonding healing the PU substrate, the fatigued PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU nanocomposite film caused by repetitive cyclic loading can self-heal. Stretchability up to 30% and sensor recovery of 95% after cutting and healing, the constructed strain sensor displayed a stable response and restored its resistance to its original location. Additionally, the AgNWs/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite strain sensor is stable and durable with 10,000 endurance cycles. With frequent finger bending and wrist movement, the current and resistance changed very regularly. The strain sensor PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU can detect body actions and restrain physiological signals like finger and wrist joint movements due to its increased performance. Thus, the wearable sensor is expected to track human body mobility and detect physiological signals over time. Thus, these findings may aid the creation of self-healing wearable strain sensors and electrical gadgets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic input for modeling ionic mixtures in astrophysical plasma","authors":"S. Fritzsche","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01535-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01535-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate atomic data are known as a key ingredient for modeling the physical behavior of a wide range of plasma throughout the universe. When these data are combined with simulations of ionic mixtures, they (may) help infer the temperature, electron density, and ionization state of the plasma under non-ideal plasma conditions. We here report about an expansion of JAC, the Jena Atomic Calculator, in order to encourage the modeling of ionic mixtures and their thermodynamic properties under different plasma conditions. Whereas emphasis has first been placed upon simulations of ionic compositions in (ideal) local thermodynamic equilibrium, various features are prepared in this code to account for non-ideal conditions, such as plasma screening contributions, the ionization potential depression (IPD) or some non-classical statistics. To demonstrate these features of JAC, we have calculated the mean charge and charge-state distribution of a hot carbon plasma as well as some ionic mixture from the sun’s photosphere at selected temperatures <i>T</i> and mass densities <span>(rho _m)</span>. These computations show a significant shift in the mean charge distribution, if the IPD is incorporated by means of a Stewart–Pyatt plasma model. Since the JAC toolbox is based on Dirac’s relativistic equation, the present expansion of the code will facilitate also the treatment of ionic mixtures with medium and heavy elements as relevant for neutron-star mergers and elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01535-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopant-induced structural modifications and thermoelectric properties in Al1.2Fe1.9M0.1B₂ intermetallic borides (M = Ag, Ni, Sb, Ga, Ge)","authors":"D. Sivaprahasam,&nbsp;R. Preyadarshini,&nbsp;A. Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08440-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08440-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>AlFe₂B₂, a ternary transition metal boride doped with Ag, Ni, Sb, Ga, and Ge, was investigated for the phase constituents, microstructure, and thermoelectric (TE) properties. The parent compound with 20% excess Al (Al_1.2Fe₂B₂), prepared by vacuum arc melting, contains orthorhombic AlFe₂B₂ and FeB. Additional phases, such as Ag₅Al, AlNi₃, Al₃Ni₂, AlSb, and AlB₂, were formed upon 5% doping (Ag, Ni, Sb, etc.) at the Fe site. The change in lattice parameters (a, b, and c) of the Al_1.2Fe₂B₂ phase with Ag, Ni, and Sb-doping is small; however, it increases noticeably in Ga and Ge-doped compounds. The Ga-doped sample shows only FeB as a secondary phase; however, the AlB₂ phase is observed in Ge-doped AlFe₂B₂. The microstructure investigated in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) shows the AlFe₂B₂ matrix is chemically homogenous in all samples, except the Ga-doped one, with uniformly distributed single or multiple secondary phases. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) results show that all the dopants lower the peritectic reaction temperature of the AlFe₂B₂ formation, indicating the structure destabilizes. The measured TE properties show that AlFe₂B₂ is an n-type compound with electrical conductivity in the range of 0.35–0.46 × 10⁶ S/m. Adding Ag, Ni, Ga, and Ge only marginally alters the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The noticeable improvement in the Seebeck coefficient, with negligible change in electrical conductivity, resulted in the highest power factor of 0.4mW/mK² for the Sb-doped sample. The thermal conductivity of AlFe₂B₂, which ranges from 6.4 to 9.1 W/m.K between 300 and 773 K, decreases with Sb doping to 5.2–8.5 W/m·K, resulting in a maximum zT of 0.04 at 773 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optically tunable Goos-Hänchen shift in a metal-clad waveguide structure containing a cold atomic ensemble","authors":"Yu-Qian He,&nbsp;Xuan-Xue Luo,&nbsp;Tao Shui,&nbsp;Wen-Xing Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08452-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08452-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift of the reflected beam in a metal-clad waveguide structure, where a cold atomic ensemble with four-level ladder-type configuration acts as the substrate. Due to the quantum interference in the two decay pathways from the two upper closely lying levels, spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) is generated. It is demonstrated that the reflected GH shift is sensitively dependent upon the SGC effect. The controllable GH shift originates from the competition between the internal damping and radiation damping. Furthermore, in the presence of SGC, the magnitude, sign, and position of the GH shift can be effectively controlled via adjusting the intensity and detuning of the trigger field. Our scheme may have potential applications in all-optical switching and optical sensor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}