物理最新文献

{"title":"Tetraquark spectra with hidden charm and bottom content via a conformable fractional Salpeter framework: masses of (mathcal {J}^{PC} in left{ 0^{++},1^{+-},1^{++},2^{++}right} ) states","authors":"J. B. Ndongo Mendouga,&nbsp;A. A. Atangana Likéné,&nbsp;S. Mbida Mbembe,&nbsp;B. Akamba Mbembe,&nbsp;P. Ele Abiama,&nbsp;G. H. Ben-Bolie","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08364-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08364-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the mass spectra of heavy tetraquark systems modeled as diquark–antidiquark bound states within a <i>conformable fractional extension</i> of the spinless Salpeter equation, hereafter referred to as the Conformable Salpeter Framework. A fractional-order wave equation is derived from first principles using the conformable fractional derivative with order parameter <span>(0&lt;alpha le 1)</span> and is solved analytically with the fractional Hellmann potential. The classical (<span>(alpha =1)</span>) limit reproduces the integer-order results reported in previous studies, confirming consistency of the framework. Binding energies and masses are computed for hidden-charm (<span>(cbar{c})</span>) and hidden-bottom (<span>(bbar{b})</span>) tetraquarks with quantum numbers <span>(J^{PC}=0^{++})</span>, <span>(1^{+-})</span>, <span>(1^{++})</span>, <span>(2^{++})</span>. The predicted masses are compared with experimentally observed exotic states including <i>X</i>(3872), <i>Y</i>(3940), <span>(Z_{cs}(3985))</span>, <i>X</i>(4140), <span>(Z_b(10610))</span>, and <span>(Z_b(10650))</span> reported by the Belle, CDF, and BESIII collaborations, and with results from other theoretical models. The present study is further extended to fully heavy <span>(ccbar{c}bar{c})</span> and <span>(bbbar{b}bar{b})</span> tetraquarks. Variations of <span>(alpha )</span> between 0.2 and 0.6 provide a continuous tuning of mass predictions, with deviations from experiment typically below 0.5%, demonstrating the flexibility and reliability of the conformable fractional approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver nanoparticles-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites: structural, morphological, optical, dielectric, and antibacterial properties","authors":"Sh. S. El-Khiyami,&nbsp;R. S. Hafez","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08379-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08379-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multifunctional nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating varying loadings of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) matrix using the solution casting technique. The films produced were systematically examined for their structural, morphological, optical, dielectric, and antibacterial characteristics. XRD confirmed the formation of crystalline Ag phases within the predominantly amorphous CMC matrix. FTIR shows changes indicating a shift in the local chemical environment of CMC functional groups, suggesting interactions between the oxygen-containing groups of CMC and the Ag nanoparticles, as well as a disruption of the native hydrogen bonding network of the polymer matrix. TEM examination revealed statistically distributed quasi-spherical Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter of around 38 nm, whereas FESEM/EDX indicated the presence of Ag particles with different sizes, including clustered structures. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicated a notable reduction in the optical band gap as the concentration of silver NPs increased. The refractive index dispersion of the CMC/Ag nanocomposites strongly depended on Ag loading. The highest refractive index values (1.26–1.60) were obtained for 1 wt.% Ag, followed by 3 wt.% and 6 wt.%, whereas the lowest values (1.06–1.14) were observed for 9 wt.% Ag. Dielectric measurements revealed an increase in conductivity with increasing Ag concentration, and the charge transport mechanism followed the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model. Furthermore, the CMC/Ag nanocomposites exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) bacteria, with inhibitory efficacy increasing with increasing Ag NP concentration. These results illustrate the synergistic effect of Ag nanoparticles and the CMC matrix on the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposites, making them promising candidates for optoelectronic, dielectric, and biological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brane-probes response to poly-vector deformations","authors":"Sergei Barakin,&nbsp;Angelina Kurenkova,&nbsp;Edvard T. Musaev","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16393-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16393-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We probe poly-vector deformations of Type II backgrounds using the fundamental string, D0-brane and D3-brane, and of the 11D membrane background by the fundamental M2-brane. We show that the corresponding deformations of the world-volume theories can be written in terms of flows similar to the <span>(textrm{T}bar{textrm{T}})</span> flow (for the D3-brane flow – with a square-root term). This interpretation works equally well for abelian (TsT) and non-abelian deformations.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"86 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16393-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden multistability and quasi-conservative chaotic dynamics in a no-equilibrium modified Sprott system with application to image encryption","authors":"Faiza Zaamoune,&nbsp;Imad Eddine Tinedert,&nbsp;Ning Wang","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08409-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08409-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a modified three-dimensional Sprott-type system without equilibrium points by combining a smooth hyperbolic-tangent feedback term with a quartic nonlinearity. The proposed model exhibits bounded multispiral chaotic dynamics, quasi-conservative behavior, and rich hidden multistability involving coexisting quasiperiodic and chaotic motions. Its nonlinear properties are investigated through equilibrium analysis, divergence, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, and Poincaré-based representations. The Lyapunov analysis is verified using the variational-equation method with periodic QR orthonormalization. As an application, six chaotic sequences generated by the system are incorporated into a two-round confusion–diffusion–permutation image-encryption framework with an image-dependent SHA-256 key update. The encryption performance is assessed through key sensitivity, histogram and correlation analyses, NIST statistical tests, differential measures, entropy, robustness, and computational cost. In addition, an analog circuit realization is examined through MultiSim simulations, supporting the practical feasibility of the proposed chaotic system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning of electron affinity of high-k zirconia gate dielectrics for next-generation electronic devices","authors":"Ritishri Priyaranjan Pradhan,&nbsp;Sheo K. Mishra,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10327-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10327-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A simple method based on the current-voltage (I-V) measurements is developed to estimate the Zirconia’s (ZrO₂) electron affinity. The estimated electron affinity of ZrO₂ is 2.86 eV, 2.85 eV, 3.07 eV, and 2.84 eV for the annealing temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C, respectively. The electron affinities are comparable to those deduced from the Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) and Internal photoemission measurements. The estimated electron affinity is used to draw the band alignment of ZrO₂-based MOS devices, which gives an insight into various conduction mechanisms across the ZrO₂. An important observation of our study is that the electron affinity of zirconia can be tuned by varying the annealing temperature. The method developed here may be generalized for the other high-k materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic dilution and low-temperature vibrational behavior in Ga-substituted NdCrO3","authors":"Kousik Sutradhar,&nbsp;D. Pal","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10306-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10306-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rare-earth orthochromites are functional oxides in which magnetic ordering, rare-earth moments, octahedral distortions, and lattice vibrations are closely coupled. In this study, we examine the effect of non-magnetic Ga³⁺ substitution on the structural, magnetic, and vibrational properties of NdCrO₃. Ga-substituted NdCr_1-xGa_xO₃ ceramics with <i>x</i> = 0.0–0.5 were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirm that all compositions retain the orthorhombic <i>Pbnm</i> structure. Only minor changes in the lattice parameters are observed, consistent with the close ionic radii of Ga³⁺ and Cr³⁺. Magnetic measurements show that the Néel temperature remains nearly unchanged, decreasing slightly from about 225.2 K for <i>x</i> = 0.0 to 223.3 K for <i>x</i> = 0.5. This behavior is consistent with the preservation of long-range Cr–O-Cr antiferromagnetic ordering. In contrast, the spin-reorientation transition becomes broader and shifts from approximately 37.1 K to 31.2 K with increasing Ga content. This trend reflects a gradual weakening of the magnetic exchange balance involving the Nd and Cr sublattices. Exchange bias is observed in the system, and the maximum bias field decreases from about 2300 Oe for the undoped sample to 330 Oe for <i>x</i> = 0.5. The reduction in exchange bias reflects weakened inter-sublattice magnetic coupling after B-site magnetic dilution. Raman spectroscopic analysis reveals low-temperature anomalies in the phonon frequency and linewidth, confirming the presence of spin-phonon coupling in the system. Despite changes in magnetic behavior, the spin-phonon response remains comparatively robust against Ga content. Overall, the results show that Ga substitution can tune the magnetic properties of NdCrO₃ without strongly disturbing its lattice dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process window, microstructure evolution and magnetocaloric properties of single-track La-Fe-Co-Si alloy coatings fabricated on CrNi3MoVA gun steel by laser cladding","authors":"Ruochen Zhang,&nbsp;Junzhe Liu,&nbsp;Mingfang Qian,&nbsp;Xuexi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10320-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10320-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La-Fe-Co-Si magnetocaloric coatings were deposited on CrNi3MoVA gun steel by laser cladding, and the single-track process parameters were optimized through a 25-group orthogonal design. The lowest height-based dilution index of 18.78% was achieved at laser power of 1200 W, scanning speed of 5 mm/s, powder feed rate of 1.2 r/min, and volumetric energy density of 160.0 J/mm³, with no discernible heat-affected zone at the coating/substrate interface. Crack density increased with the height-based dilution index. Large lack-of-fusion (LoF) defects (50–200 μm) were associated with an imbalance between laser-energy input and powder loading, including insufficient effective energy at intermediate-to-high powder feed rates and excessive linear energy input at low feed rate. Quantitative image analysis yielded crack length densities of 1.8–5.7 mm^− 1, with no statistically significant correlation with the height-based dilution index. As-deposited coatings consisted of dendritic α-Fe(Co, Si) and La-rich phases. After annealing at 1323 K for 3 days, the magnetocaloric 1:13 phase formed predominantly via a peritectic reaction. The optimized annealed coating exhibited a second-order magnetic transition at a Curie temperature of approximately 292 K, as confirmed by the positive slopes of the Arrott isotherms, with no resolvable separation between the heating and cooling <i>M</i>-<i>T</i> curves within the measured interval of 240–350 K. A broad working temperature range of 34 K, maximum magnetic entropy of 6.3 J/(kg.K), and refrigeration capacity of 155.4 J/kg were obtained at a magnetic field of 2 T, demonstrating strong potential for magnetic refrigeration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of optical, magnetic, dielectric and electrical properties in BiFeO3-SrTiO3-NaNbO3 ceramic composites","authors":"M. Sudhadhar,&nbsp;Venkateswara Rao Mannepalli,&nbsp;V. Sudharshan,&nbsp;G. Bhavani,&nbsp;B. Sattibabu,&nbsp;P. Kanaka Raju,&nbsp;K. Lakshun Naidu,&nbsp;D. Tirupathi Swamy,&nbsp;T. Durga Rao","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10323-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10323-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polycrystalline (1–x)(0.7BiFeO₃–0.3SrTiO₃)–xNaNbO₃ ceramics (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30) were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction route. Structural analysis based on Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all compositions. The enhanced optical band gap from 2.16 to 2.24 eV was observed with the increase in NaNbO₃ content. With the increase of NaNbO₃ content, the modification in the magnetic exchange interactions was observed and as a result, changes in the remanent magnetization and coercive field were observed. Frequency-dependent dielectric studies, impedance spectroscopy and AC conductivity analyses indicated the enhanced insulating behaviour and low loss values with the increase in NaNbO₃ content. The observed electrical transport was found to be governed by oxygen-vacancy migration mechanisms. These results demonstrate that NaNbO₃ incorporation is a promising approach to tuning the characteristics of multifunctional materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and radiological risk assessment of natural radioactivity from phosphate industry by-products used in construction: a case study from Crotone, Italy","authors":"Chiara Imparato,&nbsp;Giuseppe La Verde,&nbsp;Fabrizio Ambrosino,&nbsp;Chiara de Vita,&nbsp;Salvatore Procopio,&nbsp;Carlo Sabbarese,&nbsp;Mariagabriella Pugliese,&nbsp;Marina Poje Sovilj","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08271-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08271-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphogypsum (PG), a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production, has been widely considered for reuse in construction materials in line with the principles of the circular economy. However, PG and associated secondary compounds such as metasilicate phosphate often contain naturally occurring radionuclides, including ²²⁶Ra, ²³⁸U and ²³²Th, which may pose radiological hazards. This study assesses terrestrial and marine radiological exposure scenarios associated with phosphate industry residues used in road construction and stored at a former coastal industrial deposit in Crotone (Calabria, Italy). Sixteen road-pavement composite cores and 28 deposit-site samples were investigated by high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Maximum activity concentrations in the road-pavement samples reached 1235 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²³⁸U, 1212 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra and 317 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K. The ERICA Tool was applied using a screening dose rate of 10 µGy h⁻¹. For several terrestrial and marine reference organisms, risk quotients exceeded unity, triggering Tier 2 and Tier 3 assessments. These screening exceedances indicate that the scenarios could not be screened out as being of low radiological concern. Tier 2 identified lichens and bryophytes as the most exposed terrestrial reference organism and phytoplankton as an important marine reference organism. Tier 3 sensitivity analysis showed that uncertainty in ²²⁶Ra transfer parameters strongly controlled variability in predicted dose rates. The marine calculations represent a conservative nearshore sediment deposition scenario because radionuclide concentrations were not measured directly in seawater, marine sediment or biota. The results support improved control, monitoring and site-specific characterization of exposed NORM-containing residues in coastal environments.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08271-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and implementation of an improved YOLOv11n-based method for PCB defect detection","authors":"Yiran Zhu,&nbsp;Yuanhui Cui","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08394-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08394-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presented YOLO-MUBL, an enhanced YOLOv11n-based approach designed specifically for PCB defect identification tasks. The original C3k2 building block was substituted with a novel C3k2-MambaOut-UniRepLK composite module, which combined gated convolutional feature interaction with large-kernel spatial modeling to strengthen the feature representation of minute defects. Furthermore, we embedded a Bi-Level Routing Attention (BRA) module into the backbone framework, which served to preserve high-resolution spatial details and support dynamic cross-scale feature communication. We also focused on improving edge deployment efficiency. To this end, we devised a lightweight shared convolution detection head (LSCD-Head). This design achieved two major reductions: It shrank the model’s parameter budget and also lessened the computational burden during inference. Experimental findings demonstrated that YOLO-MUBL attained 94.1% mAP@ 0.5 and 50.7% mAP@ 0.5:0.95 on the PCB defect dataset, representing improvements of 2.0% and 1.3%, respectively, over the baseline model. The parameter count decreased from 2.583 to 2.278 M, and GFLOPs dropped from 6.3 to 6.2. We proceeded with deployment on the Fibocom SC171V2 edge platform. Performance evaluation showed that each frame required only 30.8 ms for inference, while the system consistently operated at 25 frames per second. These results affirmed that our approach is well suited for industrial use scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"141 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}