物理最新文献

{"title":"Study and development of efficient and sustainable soil/compost-based earth batteries","authors":"Gauri,&nbsp; Poonam,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Sandeep Yadav,&nbsp;Deepak Dagur,&nbsp;Ravi Kant Choubey,&nbsp;S. Gaurav,&nbsp;Tejendra K. Gupta,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08365-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08365-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of green energy batteries as alternative energy sources is crucial for addressing the issues posed by hazardous chemicals and their disposal, thereby mitigating environmental damage caused by direct or indirect impacts of pollution. Recently, novel Earth Battery Systems (EBS) have been investigated, utilizing various types of soils, compost, and electrodes, with water as a fixed electrolyte. In this study, EBS are characterized using multiple techniques, including Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Our findings reveal that, compared to soil-based earth batteries - which exhibit high impedance values, the open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_<i>oc</i>) and short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_<i>sc</i>) are significantly enhanced in vermi-compost-based earth batteries fabricated using steel-201 as the anode and graphite as the cathode. Furthermore, the critical role of organic matter in promoting ion transport and enhancing the system’s overall efficiency is demonstrated through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Ionic conductivity analysis. To ensure the sustainability of electrodes within the earth battery, corrosion studies are conducted using Tafel analysis. The results indicate that electrode corrosion can be effectively controlled by the strategic selection of corrosion inhibitors. Thus, this work lays the foundation for developing efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly EBS systems using soil and compost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved theory for shock waves using simplified van der Waals equation of state at high Mach numbers","authors":"Hao Jiang,&nbsp;Haoyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhuo Li,&nbsp;Yongchao Ji","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06073-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06073-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary goal of this research is to present an improved shock wave theory that takes into account the gaseous non-ideality for a monatomic gas system composed of hard-sphere molecules using simplified van der Waals equation of state at high Mach numbers. In non-ideal gas, dimensionless conservation equations and new Rankine–Hugoniot conditions are given. The SSTNM (similar simplified translational non-equilibrium model) and OBurnett constitutive equations with non-ideal parameters are extended. The differential equations of improved theory for shock waves are established and solved. The validity of constitutive relations in non-ideal gas situations is proved, and the results are verified by direct simulation Monte Carlo methods. By examining the orbital structure, internal structure of shock waves and structural parameters of density–temperature separation, it becomes apparent that the improved shock wave theory considering the gaseous non-ideality has a better predictive effect than treating it as an ideal gas. Further experimental verification using density results indicates that the higher the Mach number, the closer the results predicted by the two constitutive equations are to the experimental results in the prediction region they are good at. This article improves the prediction effect of the shock wave structure using the improved shock wave theory, and it also introduces novel perspectives and strategies for avoiding the use of high-order constitutive relations that are prone to numerical instability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the cosmological degeneracy between decaying dark matter model and viscous (Lambda )CDM","authors":"Gilberto Aguilar-Pérez,&nbsp;Ana A. Avilez-López,&nbsp;Miguel Cruz","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13947-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13947-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the context of a homogeneous and isotropic universe, we consider the degeneracy condition at the background level between two scenarios in which processes out of equilibrium are possible; this consideration allows us to deviate from the perfect fluid description, and in this case bulk viscosity represents a viable candidate to describe entirely such effects. The cosmological model describing an unstable dark matter sector is mapped into a slight modification of the <span>(Lambda )</span>CDM model characterized by a viscous dark matter sector; under this consideration our description does not depend on a specific formulation of viscous effects and these can be fully reconstructed and characterized by the parameter that determines the decay ratio of dark matter. However, in this new scenario the cosmic expansion is influenced by the viscous pressure and the dark energy sector given by the cosmological constant is translated into a dynamical one. As a consequence of our formulation, the test against observations of the model indicates consistency with quintessence dark energy, but the crossing of the phantom divide can be accessible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13947-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of PCM liquid fraction in solidification process by image processing technique, experimental study and numerical validation","authors":"Ashkan Boroojerdian,&nbsp;H. Nemati","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06121-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06121-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using thermometers in PCM solidification experiments is a common method. But, solidification particularly at the primary stage is the result of the cooperation of both natural convection and conduction heat transfer. So, the presence of thermometer probes and wires can affect the natural convection and therefore can affect the solidification rate. Additionally, fewer photos are available for qualitative validation of numerical solidification results. Especially the shape of the cavity formed at the final stage is a critical benchmark for numerical validation. In this study, a novel method is proposed to directly measure the PCM solidification rate based on the image analysis and processing technique. In this method, images are prepared from the sample in equal time intervals and under controlled light and temperature conditions. By using image processing techniques, the solid layer boundary is extracted, and the number of pixels in this enclosed area is divided by the number of pixels in the solid area at the final step. The method was applied to paraffin solidification in a horizontal cylinder. The problem was also numerically simulated by the multiphase method (VOF), and a good agreement between experimental and numerical results was observed. The RMSE was 3.2%. The cavity shape was also recorded. Based on the experiment, there is a narrow solid strip on the vessel wall atop the solid core and also a circular cavity at the center (slightly close to the top). This cavity is inevitable because the solid density is more than liquid density and, consequently occupies less volume than liquid. The presence of measuring instruments may disrupt the flow path lines, or a solid core may stick around the instrument's probe which can change the freezing rate or affect results in other ways. But, since in this method, no measuring device, such as a thermocouple, is in direct contact with the fluid, these undesirable effects vanish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of Higgs Physics at a (sqrt{s}=3) TeV Muon Collider with detailed detector simulation","authors":"Paolo Andreetto,&nbsp;Nazar Bartosik,&nbsp;Laura Buonincontri,&nbsp;Daniele Calzolari,&nbsp;Vieri Candelise,&nbsp;Massimo Casarsa,&nbsp;Luca Castelli,&nbsp;Mauro Chiesa,&nbsp;Anna Colaleo,&nbsp;Giacomo Da Molin,&nbsp;Matthew Forslund,&nbsp;Luca Giambastiani,&nbsp;Alessio Gianelle,&nbsp;Carlo Giraldin,&nbsp;Karol Krizka,&nbsp;Sergo Jindariani,&nbsp;Anton Lechner,&nbsp;Donatella Lucchesi,&nbsp;Leo Mareso,&nbsp;Paola Mastrapasqua,&nbsp;Patrick Meade,&nbsp;Alessandro Montella,&nbsp;Simone Pagan Griso,&nbsp;Leonardo Palombini,&nbsp;Nadia Pastrone,&nbsp;Lorenzo Sestini,&nbsp;Rosamaria Venditti,&nbsp;Angela Zaza,&nbsp;Davide Zuliani","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13923-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13923-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Muon Collider is one of the most promising future collider facilities with the potential to reach multi-TeV center-of-mass energy and high luminosity. Due to the significant Higgs boson production cross section in muon-antimuon collisions at such high energies, the collider offers an excellent opportunity for in-depth exploration of Higgs boson properties. It holds the capability to significantly advance our understanding of the Higgs sector to a very high level of precision. However, the presence of beam-induced background resulting from the decay of the beam muons poses unique challenges for detector development and event reconstruction. In this paper, the prospects for measuring various Higgs boson properties at a center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV are presented, using a detailed detector simulation in a realistic environment. The study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving high precision results with the current state-of-the-art detector design. In addition, the paper discusses the detector requirements necessary to achieve this level of accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13923-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unitarity implications of (tilde{F}_{mu nu }) and (F_{mu nu }) models with Lorentz invariance violation in (e^{+}e^{-} rightarrow mu ^{+}mu ^{-})","authors":"Alessio T. B. Celeste,&nbsp;Adriano M. Santos","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13913-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13913-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We studied two different models that included Lorentz Invariance Violation coupling in the scattering processes of <span>(e^+e^- rightarrow mu ^+mu ^-)</span>. We found that using the model with the dual electromagnetic tensor <span>(tilde{F}_{mu nu })</span> resulted in violations of unitarity in both vector and axial scenarios. On the other hand, using the model with nonminimal coupling with <span>(F_{mu nu })</span> preserved unitarity in both vector and axial cases. As a result, this could have significant implications, given that the nonminimal coupling model with the dual electromagnetic tensor <span>(tilde{F}_{mu nu })</span> appeared to be potentially superior to the electromagnetic tensor <span>(F_{mu nu })</span>. Therefore, we believe that these findings could provide a valuable guide for further exploration into the study of CPT and Lorentz breaking phenomena, with significant implications that are certainly nontrivial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13913-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From by-product of the petrol gasification to carbon black in lithium-ion batteries – Novel electron-conductive agents","authors":"Maciej Smoliński,&nbsp;Anna Szczęsna-Chrzan,&nbsp;Tomasz Trzeciak,&nbsp;Aleksandra Ossowska,&nbsp;Eva del Campo,&nbsp;Grażyna Zofia Żukowska,&nbsp;Elżbieta Żero,&nbsp;Magdalena Zybert,&nbsp;Hubert Ronduda,&nbsp;Andrzej Ostrowski,&nbsp;Maciej Marczewski,&nbsp;Marek Marcinek","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08266-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08266-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different kinds of carbonaceous conducting additives are used by Li-ion battery (LIB) manufacturers to boost the electrode conductance. Due to their porous structure, carbon additives improve the electrode–electrolyte contact. This study was focused on Chezacarb^® AC-10, AC-50 and AC-60 carbon additives performance in application with lithium-cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode. Chezacarb^® AC carbon blacks are the by-product of the gasification of heavy petroleum in the process of non-catalytic oxidation in SHELL reactors. Structural and electrochemical characterizations were performed. Chezacarb^® AC additives had comparable performance to Super P carbon black, indicating that they could be potential conducting additives for Li-ion. The advantage of Chezacarb^® AC additives can be observed especially during fast charging – the capacity is visibly higher comparing to Super P carbon black which shows a significant improvement of the electronic conductivity of cathode’. Also, as Chezacarb^® AC are by-products, they have an advantage of being a “green component” of the battery. In addition to the undoubtedly promising electrochemical results, the presented article is a proof of the possibility of cooperation between academia and industry. It shows how to manage the waste substance and thus answers the question of how to implement the principles of closed-loop economy in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lagrangians and Newtonian analogs for biological systems","authors":"Andronikos Paliathanasis,&nbsp;Kevin Duffy","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06078-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06078-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the potential for biological systems to be governed by a variational principle, suggesting that such systems may evolve to minimize or optimize specific quantities. To explore this idea, we focus on identifying Lagrange functions that can effectively model the dynamics of selected population systems. These functions provide a deeper understanding of population evolution by framing their behavior in terms of energy-like variables. We present an algorithm for generating Lagrangian functions applicable to a family of population dynamics models and demonstrate the equivalence between two-dimensional population models and a one-dimensional Newtonian mechanical analog. Furthermore, we explore the existence of conservation laws for these models, utilizing Noether’s theorems to investigate their implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06078-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(B_c) enhancement with non-thermalized bottom quarks in nuclear collisions at large Hadron collider","authors":"Jiaxing Zhao,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhuang","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01515-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01515-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study <span>(B_c)</span> production in high-energy nuclear collisions in a transport approach with dissociation and regeneration at finite temperatures. Due to the rare production in p+p collisions and the strong combination of uncorrelated <i>c</i> and <span>({bar{b}})</span> quarks in the quark-gluon plasma, the <span>(B_c)</span> yield is significantly enhanced in the nuclear collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Moreover, the centrality and momentum-dependent yield of <span>(B_c)</span> sensitively reflect the thermalization degree of bottom quarks. And the newly observed experimental data favors a far from the thermal bottom quark distribution in the quark-gluon plasma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01515-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near infrared quantum ghost spectroscopy for threats detection","authors":"Andrea Chiuri,&nbsp;Federico Angelini,&nbsp;Ilaria Gianani,&nbsp;Simone Santoro,&nbsp;Linda Sansoni,&nbsp;Eleonora Stefanutti,&nbsp;Marco Barbieri","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06041-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06041-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum sensing is a rapidly growing branch of research within the area of quantum science and technology offering key resources, beyond classical ones, with potential for commercialization of novel (quantum) sensors. The exploitation of quantum resources offered by photons can boost the performance of quantum sensors for innovative and challenging applications. In this paper, we build on the idea that quantum ghost spectroscopy (QGS), i.e. the counterpart in the frequency domain of quantum ghost imaging (QGI), can target specific applications in the detection of possible threats. This is implemented by exploiting the opportunities offered by quantum optics, i.e. the generation of photon pairs characterized by spectral correlations. We will discuss our main results obtained with pure QGS experiments showing that it is possible to assess the presence of a target dealing with a low resources measurement. The time-frequency domain reveals a huge potential for several applications, and frequency correlations represent a versatile tool that can be exploited to enable the spectral analysis of objects where a direct measurement would not be feasible (e.g. due to security). The use of non-degenerate sources of correlated photons allowed to reveal spectral features in the near-infrared wavelengths employing the usual detectors for the visible region, showing the effectiveness of this technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06041-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}