物理最新文献

{"title":"First-principles investigation of Mg-based MgAl2X4 (X = S, Se) spinels for optoelectronic and energy harvesting applications","authors":"Ashiq Ramzan,&nbsp;Mudasir Younis Sofi,&nbsp;Mohd Shahid Khan,&nbsp;Javid Ali,&nbsp;M. Ajmal Khan","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00937-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00937-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnesium-based chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic and energy harvesting devices. In this study, we investigate the structural, electronic, optical, elastic, and thermoelectric properties of MgAl₂X₄ (X = S, Se) using density functional theory (DFT). Structural optimization confirms thermodynamic stability with negative formation energies of − 0.994 eV (MgAl₂S₄) and − 1.359 eV (MgAl₂Se₄). The modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) potential reveals direct band gaps of 2.8 eV for MgAl₂S₄ and 1.9 eV for MgAl₂Se₄, suitable for optoelectronic applications. Optical analysis shows strong absorption in the visible–UV range, with absorption coefficients of <span>(sim)</span> 50 × 10⁴ cm⁻¹ for MgAl₂S₄ and <span>(sim)</span> 60 × 10⁴ cm⁻¹ for MgAl₂Se₄. Elastic constants confirm mechanical stability and ductile behavior, while thermoelectric analysis reveals high Seebeck coefficients and figure of merit (zT) values of 0.96 and 0.95 for MgAl₂S₄ and MgAl₂Se₄, respectively. The combination of favorable electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties underscores the potential of MgAl₂X₄ chalcogenides for advanced applications in photovoltaics and thermoelectric devices.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Figure (a) shows the absorption coefficient, while Figure (b) presents the figure of merit at 300 K, highlighting the suitability of the materials for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. </p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable polarization splitter based on dual-channel waveguide","authors":"Ahmed El-Sayed Abd-Elkader,&nbsp;Amr A. S. Elkot,&nbsp;Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed,&nbsp;Salah S. A. Obayya,&nbsp;B. M. Younis","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08601-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08601-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a compact and tunable polarization splitter is introduced and numerically investigated. The suggested design is based on a dual-channel silica-on-silicon waveguide, where one channel is infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material, while the other channel is filled with BK7 glass. The NLC temperature controls the phase-matching wavelength at which strong coupling between the two cores occurs. Moreover, the splitting function can be switched between the two fundamental polarizations, i.e., transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM), by rotating the NLC molecules via an external electric field. The full-vectorial finite difference method is used to study the modal and coupling characteristics of the splitter. The simulation results show that the proposed device offers a strong wavelength tunability and selectivity, with a short device length of 207 µm at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.3 μm. It also provides a wide bandwidth of 66 nm with crosstalk below -20 dB, ensuring the device’s superior performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modeling of psittacosis: guiding effective interventions and public health policy","authors":"Umar Shafique,&nbsp;Ali Raza,&nbsp;Khadija Nasir,&nbsp;Zeeshan Haider,&nbsp;Emad Fadhal,&nbsp;Wafa F. Alfwzan","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06367-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06367-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psittacosis is a disease that primarily affects humans and is linked to pet birds like cockatiels and parrots as well as livestock like ducks and turkeys. According to the World Health Organization, the European region (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and The Netherlands) observed an odd and unanticipated rise in psittacosis cases reported. These reported cases developed pneumonia and resulted in hospitalization, and even fatality. For awareness of all living communities and the significance of psittacosis, its modeling has been done in the present study. There are four divisions within humans’ population: susceptible <span>({S}_{mathcalligra{h}}left(tright))</span>, exposed <span>({E}_{mathcalligra{h}}left(tright))</span>, infected <span>({I}_{mathcalligra{h}}left(tright))</span> and recovered <span>({R}_{mathcalligra{h}}left(tright))</span>, and the subpopulation of turkey is susceptible <span>({S}_{mathcalligra{p}}left(tright))</span>, exposed <span>({E}_{mathcalligra{p}}left(tright))</span>, infected <span>({I}_{mathcalligra{p}}left(tright))</span> and recovered <span>({R}_{mathcalligra{p}}left(tright))</span> with artificial delay term. Model steady states, reproduction number, positivity and boundedness are among the feasible properties studied rigorously. Also, the stochastic formulation of the model is presented in two ways with transition probabilities and nonparametric perturbation with the effective use of decay term. Due to the complexity of the system, the Euler Maruyama, stochastic Euler and stochastic Runge–Kutta were used to model the behavior of human and turkey populations. Unfortunately, these numerical methods are not realistic and could not restore the dynamical properties of the model like positivity, boundedness, consistency and convergence of the solution. The nonstandard finite difference method is an effective agreement to solve the system of stochastic delay differential equations in the light of dynamical properties. Results from traditional stochastic methods either converge conditionally or diverge over time. The NSFD method converges unconditionally to the true steady states of the model. In conclusion, this study increases our understanding of psittacosis infection dynamics by employing stochastic with delay techniques and offers new paths for psittacosis infection dynamics investigation. Also, the plotting is done for the visualization of results in comparative profiles of new solutions and interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical networking using Gaussian fields","authors":"Nadine du Toit,&nbsp;Kristian K. Müller-Nedebock","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00489-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00489-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel field theoretical approach towards modelling dynamic networking in complex systems is presented. An equilibrium networking formalism which utilises Gaussian fields is adapted to model the dynamics of particles that can bind and unbind from one another. Here, <i>networking</i> refers to the introduction of instantaneous co-localisation constraints and does not necessitate the formation of a well-defined transient or persistent network. By combining this formalism with Martin–Siggia–Rose generating functionals, a weighted generating functional for the networked system is obtained. The networking formalism introduces spatial and temporal constraints into the Langevin dynamics, via statistical weights, thereby accounting for all possible configurations in which particles can be networked to one another. A simple example of Brownian particles which can bind and unbind from one another demonstrates the tool and that this leads to results for physical quantities in a collective description. Applying the networking formalism to model the dynamics of cross-linking polymers in a mixture, we can calculate the average number of networking instances. As expected, the dynamic structure factors for each type of polymer show that the system collapses once networking is introduced, but that the addition of a repulsive time-dependent potential above a minimum strength prevents this. The examples presented in this paper indicate that this novel approach towards modelling dynamic networking could be applied to a range of synthetic and biological systems to obtain theoretical predictions for experimentally verifiable quantities.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 4-5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00489-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Travelling-wave gel dipolophoresis of hydrophobic conducting colloids","authors":"Touvia Miloh,&nbsp;Eldad J. Avital","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00492-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00492-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A unified ‘weak-field’ formulation is provided for calculating the combined nonlinear effect of dielectrophoresis and the induced-charge electrophoresis (dipolophoresis) of polarized rigid hydrophobic spherical colloids freely suspended in an electrolyte-saturated Brinkman-hydrogel (porous) medium under a general (direct or alternating currents) non-uniform electric forcing. Explicit expressions for the modified total dipolophoretic mobility of a conducting (metallic) spherical colloid are given in terms of the Brinkman (Darcy), Navier slip, and Debye (screening) length scales. Also presented is a rigorous derivation of the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski slip velocity in terms of these three length scales, including the induced electroosmotic flow field around a hydrophobic rigid colloid embedded in a Brinkman medium that is forced by an arbitrary (non-uniform) ambient electric field. The available solutions for a free (non-porous) electrolyte solution under a uniform forcing and no-slip surface are obtained as limiting cases. For the purpose of illustration, we present and analyse some newly explicit solutions for the mobility and the associated induced-charge electroosmotic velocity field of a slipping colloid set in an effective (hydrogel) porous medium, which is exposed to an ambient ‘sinusoidal’ travelling-wave excitation depending on frequency and wave number.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 4-5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00492-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finsler–modified Randers cosmological models in Einstein field theory","authors":"P. K. Dwivedi,&nbsp;C. K. Mishra,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14268-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14268-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research article, we have considered the Finsler–Modified Randers Cosmological model (FMRCM) with Cosmological constant <span>(Lambda )</span> for generalized Finsler–Randers space time, to investigate the solutions of this model in Einstein theory of cosmology in different variations of energy conditions. Also, we have analyzed the role of cosmological constant <span>(Lambda )</span> in various scenarios, exploring its impact on both accelerating and decelerating phases of cosmic expansion.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14268-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudospin symmetry and quasidouble magic nuclei","authors":"R. V. Jolos,&nbsp;E. A. Kolganova","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01595-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01595-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The similarities in the properties of the nuclei with neutron closed shell and with protons filling valence shell are considered. It is shown that the available experimental data or calculations demonstrate the existence of two regions of nuclei, namely, with Z <span>(=30{-}38)</span>, N = 50 and Z <span>(=84{ -} 100)</span>, N = 126, whose properties indicate on similarity with nuclei in the environment of the quasidouble magic <span>(^{146})</span>Gd. The reason for this is that the proton single-particle levels filling the regions under consideration form a pseudospin doublets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculations of M-shell X-ray production cross sections for Ho induced by (hbox {Li}^{1,2,3+}) ions","authors":"W. L. He,&nbsp;L. Y. Xie,&nbsp;J. L. Rui,&nbsp;Y. L. Ma,&nbsp;C. Z. Dong","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01010-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01010-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The total M-shell and <span>(hbox {M}_xi )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_alpha )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_beta )</span> and <span>(hbox {M}_gamma )</span> X-ray production cross sections of Ho induced by 1 - 9 MeV <span>(hbox {Li}^{q+})</span> (<i>q</i> = 1 - 3) ions are calculated using the atomic electron removal cross sections code based on the ECPSSR theory, which includes energy loss and Coulomb deflection effects, perturbed stationary state approximation with relativistic correction, for direct ionization and non-radiative electron capture. The effects of projectile energy loss and Coulomb deflection of the projectile, perturbation of electron’s stationary state and relativistic correction of the target electron, as well as electron capture to the higher shells of the projectile are determined, by making a comprehensive study of the projectile energy and charge state dependence of the M-shell X-ray production cross sections for targets. The calculations show excellent agreement with the available experimental values. It is found that the various M series lines, that is, <span>(hbox {M}_xi )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_alpha )</span>, <span>(hbox {M}_beta )</span> and <span>(hbox {M}_gamma )</span> X-ray production cross sections, are sensitive to the charge state and energy of the incident Li ions, while the intensity ratios, <span>(hbox {M}_xi )</span>/<span>(hbox {M}_{alpha beta })</span> and <span>(hbox {M}_gamma )</span>/<span>(hbox {M}_{alpha beta })</span>, do not exhibit a strong dependence on the projectile charge state.</p><p>The total M-shell X-ray production cross sections of Ho induced by lithium ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Fisher information density in infinite-size extended Ising chains","authors":"Shu Qu,&nbsp;Hong-Guang Cheng,&nbsp;Chen Wu,&nbsp;Bin Guo,&nbsp;Zhao-Yu Sun","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00946-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00946-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we investigate quantum Fisher information (QFI) density in the ground state of the one-dimensional infinite-size extended quantum Ising model, a system known for its rich phase diagram and topological quantum phase transitions. Notably, the QFI density itself displays clear signatures at many critical points, making it a better indicator compared to previously used two-qubit QFI (which depends upon a two-qubit reduced density matrix). This advantage stems from the QFI density’s reliance on all two-qubit reduced density matrices in the ground state, rather than just one. Beyond critical phenomena, we explore the connection between QFI density and quantum entanglement. We identify wide regions where metrologically useful entanglement is present and consequently quantum-enhanced metrology is expected. Furthermore, the QFI density shows peaks in the vicinity of some critical points, suggesting the possibility of criticality-enhanced metrology. Overall, our results demonstrate that the QFI density serves as a powerful tool for characterizing both quantum criticality and metrologically useful entanglement in the extended quantum Ising model, offering valuable insights for both theoretical understanding and future experimental investigations in quantum metrology and quantum criticality.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalar fully-charm and bottom tetraquarks under extreme temperatures","authors":"A. Aydın,&nbsp;H. Sundu,&nbsp;J. Y. Süngü,&nbsp;E. Veli Veliev","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14090-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14090-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Temperature-dependences of masses and current couplings of the ground state of the fully heavy tetraquarks <span>(T_{4c})</span> and <span>(T_{4b})</span>, composed of charm (c) and bottom (b) quarks and antiquarks with spin-parities <span>(J^{PC} = 0^{++})</span> are evaluated in the diquark–antidiquark picture using Thermal QCDSR including vacuum condensates up to dimension four. The calculated values for <span>(ccbar{c}bar{c})</span> and <span>(bbbar{b}bar{b})</span> tetraquark states at <span>(T=0)</span> align well with the experimental data on the broad structures. Based on the numerical analyses around the critical temperature, the mass of the <span>(T_{4c})</span> state decreases by <span>(8%)</span> compared to its vacuum state, while for its b partner, this percentage is approximately <span>(3.3%)</span>. For the decay constants, the reductions are approximately <span>(71%)</span> and <span>(66.6%)</span>, respectively. The precise exploration of tetraquark states awaits future scrutiny in upcoming experiments, including Belle II, Super-B, PANDA, and LHCb.\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14090-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}