物理最新文献

{"title":"Generation and optimization of gold nanoclusters via reinforcement learning","authors":"Muhammad Usman,&nbsp;Fuyi Chen","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01006-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01006-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The identification and prediction of atomic cluster structures are crucial in nanocluster and materials research, as the molecular structure significantly influences the properties of nanoclusters. This study presents an innovative approach for generating and optimizing gold Au₁₃, Au₇, Au_6, and Au₅ nanoclusters using reinforcement learning (RL). Conventional techniques for optimizing nanoparticle structures are significantly expensive in computation and have some restrictions when exploring a broad range of design possibilities. To overcome these challenges, we used a policy-based RL model that learns how to arrange atoms on a canvas to minimize the potential energy of the nanocluster, like an actor–critic model. The agent works under a reward function based on the molecule’s energy, systematically positioning atoms on a canvas until it reaches convergence. The performance and evaluation of our RL model are assessed by local optimization techniques, specifically the BFGS optimization algorithm and simulated annealing. We conclude that the RL method is effective for identifying the configuration of Au₁₃ nanoparticles and achieving a stable and low-energy icosahedral structure. The complexity of the energy landscape of nanoalloys renders the determination of their structure a complicated task. This study points out the potential of reinforcement learning in materials science for designing and optimizing nanoparticles with stability characteristics.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>A schematic representation of the actor-critic reinforcement learning model. The input data is processed into a state, which the critic evaluates to estimate the value function. The actor uses the state to determine the action parameters, influencing the next state. The process continues as the agent learns to maximize the reward</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum entropy-driven modifications to holographic dark energy in f(G, T) gravity","authors":"Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14272-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14272-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we present a <i>f</i>(<i>G</i>, <i>T</i>) gravity-based reconstruction of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE). This approach extends the conventional HDE model by replacing the standard Bekenstein–Hawking entropy with Barrow entropy, which encapsulates quantum gravitational corrections to the geometry of black hole horizons. We explore the cosmological dynamics of a spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker background filled with a pressureless dust fluid, considering both conserved and non-conserved energy–momentum tensor models. To this end, we employ the Hubble horizon as the infrared cutoff and adopt a power-law ansatz for the scale factor. We then investigate the evolution of key cosmological parameters, including the equation-of-state parameter <span>( omega _{GT} ,)</span> the deceleration parameter <i>q</i>,  and the squared sound speed <span>( v_s^2 .)</span> Furthermore, we explore the dynamical behavior in the <span>( omega _{GT} )</span>-<span>( omega '_{GT} )</span> phase space. In the case of conserved energy–momentum tensor, our findings indicate that the BHDE model evolves from a quintessence-like regime into the phantom domain. This transition supports the current accelerated expansion of the Universe and offers an improvement over the original HDE model, which does not adequately account for the observed phenomenology. The corresponding <span>( omega _{GT} )</span>-<span>( omega '_{GT} )</span> trajectory lies within the freezing region of the phase space. On the other hand, within the non-conserved framework, the BHDE model exhibits phantom-like behavior in the early Universe, subsequently evolving toward either a cosmological constant-like state or a quintessence-like regime. Notably, unlike the conserved scenario, the squared sound speed <span>( v_s^2 )</span> asymptotically attains positive values in the far future, signifying a stable configuration. Moreover, the trajectory in the <span>( omega _{GT} )</span>-<span>( omega '_{GT} )</span> phase space displays a thawing behavior. Finally, we evaluate the observational viability of our results and compare them with predictions from alternative reconstructed dark energy models.\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14272-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow–fast dynamics in small trophic chains with habitat loss","authors":"Ramya Seenivasan,&nbsp;Prosenjit Paul","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00952-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00952-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predator–prey models serve as a fertile ground for modeling the emergence of slow–fast dynamics in natural species. In this work, we demonstrate a set of slow–fast predator–prey ecosystems to investigate the impact of habitat loss on ecosystems, using geometric singular perturbation theory (GSPT) as the mathematical framework. Our methodology outlines how to decompose the multi-trophic-level slow–fast system into its slow and fast subsystems. The impacts of habitat loss and environmental changes on the critical manifold of the slow–fast system are discussed. The model is shown to undergo a canard cycle for a range of parameter values. In the Rosenzweig–MacArthur (R–M) predator–prey system, earlier studies did not consider the density-dependent habitat loss of prey, which could lead to the exhibition of canard cycles. However, the inclusion of density-dependent habitat loss mortality in the system can also lead to canard cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic toy model of disruption of binary collisional droplets","authors":"Ryosuke Yano","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06399-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06399-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The characteristics of a kinetic toy model representing the collective motion of droplets undergoing binary collisional disruption are investigated. To analyze the simplest case, the elastic Boltzmann equation with collisional disruption, where the differential collision cross section of the hard spherical (HS) droplets is symmetrized, is considered as the kinetic toy model. The thermal equilibrium distribution is derived from the kinetic toy model in accordance with the H-theorem. The kinetic toy model shows that the collisional moments corresponding to the diffusion flux and heat flux diverge. Furthermore, the validity of the H-theorem in the kinetic toy model is examined through numerical simulations using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. To investigate the dissipation process described by the kinetic toy model, the time evolution of correlation functions of fluctuations in the pressure deviator, diffusion flux, and heat flux, and the shock layer around a triangular prism is numerically analyzed. The DSMC results demonstrate that the kinetic toy model reproduces features observed in the Boltzmann equation with a realistic differential collision cross section, including the decay of correlation functions associated with fluctuations in the pressure deviator, diffusion flux, and heat flux. In addition, the Maxwellian droplet model is introduced to support and complement the discussion of the HS droplet case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Search for hadronic decays of feebly-interacting particles at NA62","authors":"E. Cortina Gil,&nbsp;J. Jerhot,&nbsp;N. Lurkin,&nbsp;T. Numao,&nbsp;B. Velghe,&nbsp;V. W. S. Wong,&nbsp;D. Bryman,&nbsp;Z. Hives,&nbsp;T. Husek,&nbsp;K. Kampf,&nbsp;M. Kolesar,&nbsp;M. Koval,&nbsp;B. De Martino,&nbsp;M. Perrin-Terrin,&nbsp;L. Petit,&nbsp;B. Döbrich,&nbsp;S. Lezki,&nbsp;J. Schubert,&nbsp;A. T. Akmete,&nbsp;R. Aliberti,&nbsp;M. Ceoletta,&nbsp;L. Di Lella,&nbsp;N. Doble,&nbsp;L. Peruzzo,&nbsp;C. Polivka,&nbsp;S. Schuchmann,&nbsp;H. Wahl,&nbsp;R. Wanke,&nbsp;P. Dalpiaz,&nbsp;R. Negrello,&nbsp;I. Neri,&nbsp;F. Petrucci,&nbsp;M. Soldani,&nbsp;L. Bandiera,&nbsp;N. Canale,&nbsp;A. Cotta Ramusino,&nbsp;A. Gianoli,&nbsp;M. Romagnoni,&nbsp;A. Sytov,&nbsp;M. Lenti,&nbsp;P. Lo Chiatto,&nbsp;I. Panichi,&nbsp;G. Ruggiero,&nbsp;A. Bizzeti,&nbsp;F. Bucci,&nbsp;A. Antonelli,&nbsp;V. Kozhuharov,&nbsp;G. Lanfranchi,&nbsp;S. Martellotti,&nbsp;M. Moulson,&nbsp;T. Spadaro,&nbsp;G. Tinti,&nbsp;F. Ambrosino,&nbsp;M. D’Errico,&nbsp;R. Fiorenza,&nbsp;M. Francesconi,&nbsp;R. Giordano,&nbsp;P. Massarotti,&nbsp;M. Mirra,&nbsp;M. Napolitano,&nbsp;I. Rosa,&nbsp;G. Saracino,&nbsp;G. Anzivino,&nbsp;P. Cenci,&nbsp;V. Duk,&nbsp;R. Lollini,&nbsp;P. Lubrano,&nbsp;M. Pepe,&nbsp;M. Piccini,&nbsp;F. Costantini,&nbsp;M. Giorgi,&nbsp;S. Giudici,&nbsp;G. Lamanna,&nbsp;E. Lari,&nbsp;E. Pedreschi,&nbsp;J. Pinzino,&nbsp;M. Sozzi,&nbsp;R. Fantechi,&nbsp;F. Spinella,&nbsp;I. Mannelli,&nbsp;M. Raggi,&nbsp;A. Biagioni,&nbsp;P. Cretaro,&nbsp;O. Frezza,&nbsp;A. Lonardo,&nbsp;M. Turisini,&nbsp;P. Vicini,&nbsp;R. Ammendola,&nbsp;V. Bonaiuto,&nbsp;A. Fucci,&nbsp;A. Salamon,&nbsp;F. Sargeni,&nbsp;R. Arcidiacono,&nbsp;B. Bloch-Devaux,&nbsp;E. Menichetti,&nbsp;E. Migliore,&nbsp;C. Biino,&nbsp;A. Filippi,&nbsp;F. Marchetto,&nbsp;D. Soldi,&nbsp;Y. Mukhamejanov,&nbsp;A. Mukhamejanova,&nbsp;N. Saduyev,&nbsp;S. Sakhiyev,&nbsp;A. Briano Olvera,&nbsp;J. Engelfried,&nbsp;N. Estrada-Tristan,&nbsp;R. Piandani,&nbsp;M. A. Reyes Santos,&nbsp;K. A. Rodriguez Rivera,&nbsp;P. Boboc,&nbsp;A. M. Bragadireanu,&nbsp;S. A. Ghinescu,&nbsp;O. E. Hutanu,&nbsp;T. Blazek,&nbsp;V. Cerny,&nbsp;T. Velas,&nbsp;R. Volpe,&nbsp;J. Bernhard,&nbsp;L. Bician,&nbsp;M. Boretto,&nbsp;F. Brizioli,&nbsp;A. Ceccucci,&nbsp;M. Corvino,&nbsp;H. Danielsson,&nbsp;F. Duval,&nbsp;L. Federici,&nbsp;E. Gamberini,&nbsp;R. Guida,&nbsp;E. B. Holzer,&nbsp;B. Jenninger,&nbsp;Z. Kucerova,&nbsp;G. Lehmann Miotto,&nbsp;P. Lichard,&nbsp;K. Massri,&nbsp;E. Minucci,&nbsp;M. Noy,&nbsp;V. Ryjov,&nbsp;J. Swallow,&nbsp;M. Zamkovsky,&nbsp;X. Chang,&nbsp;A. Kleimenova,&nbsp;R. Marchevski,&nbsp;J. R. Fry,&nbsp;F. Gonnella,&nbsp;E. Goudzovski,&nbsp;J. Henshaw,&nbsp;C. Kenworthy,&nbsp;C. Lazzeroni,&nbsp;C. Parkinson,&nbsp;A. Romano,&nbsp;C. Sam,&nbsp;J. Sanders,&nbsp;A. Sergi,&nbsp;A. Shaikhiev,&nbsp;A. Tomczak,&nbsp;H. Heath,&nbsp;D. Britton,&nbsp;A. Norton,&nbsp;D. Protopopescu,&nbsp;J. B. Dainton,&nbsp;L. Gatignon,&nbsp;R. W. L. Jones,&nbsp;P. Cooper,&nbsp;D. Coward,&nbsp;P. Rubin,&nbsp;A. Baeva,&nbsp;D. Baigarashev,&nbsp;V. Bautin,&nbsp;D. Emelyanov,&nbsp;T. Enik,&nbsp;V. Falaleev,&nbsp;V. Kekelidze,&nbsp;D. Kereibay,&nbsp;A. Korotkova,&nbsp;L. Litov,&nbsp;D. Madigozhin,&nbsp;M. Misheva,&nbsp;N. Molokanova,&nbsp;I. Polenkevich,&nbsp;Yu. Potrebenikov,&nbsp;K. Salamatin,&nbsp;S. Shkarovskiy,&nbsp;S. Fedotov,&nbsp;K. Gorshanov,&nbsp;E. Gushchin,&nbsp;S. Kholodenko,&nbsp;A. Khotyantsev,&nbsp;Y. Kudenko,&nbsp;V. Kurochka,&nbsp;V. Kurshetsov,&nbsp;A. Mefodev,&nbsp;V. Obraztsov,&nbsp;A. Okhotnikov,&nbsp;A. Sadovskiy,&nbsp;V. Sugonyaev,&nbsp;O. Yushchenko,&nbsp;NA62 Collaboration","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14133-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14133-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The NA62 experiment at CERN has the capability to collect data in a beam-dump mode, where 400 GeV protons are dumped on an absorber. In this configuration, New Physics particles, including dark photons, dark scalars, and axion-like particles, may be produced in the absorber and decay in the instrumented volume beginning approximately 80 m downstream of the dump. A search for these particles decaying in flight to hadronic final states is reported, based on an analysis of a sample of <span>(1.4 times 10^{17})</span> protons on dump collected in 2021. No evidence of a New Physics signal is observed, excluding new regions of parameter spaces of multiple models.\u0000\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14133-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel intelligent computing approach for modeling the population dynamics of monkeypox infection","authors":"Shuo Li,&nbsp;Arshad Alam Khan,&nbsp;Wenlong Miao,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan,&nbsp;Saif Ullah,&nbsp;Salman A. AlQahtani,&nbsp;Aaliya Mumtaz","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06365-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06365-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present a novel intelligent computing framework that integrates a supervised deep neural network (DNN) with a nonstandard finite difference scheme to investigate the dynamics of Monkeypox (Mpox) viral infection. We develop a new mathematical model incorporating key aspects of Mpox virus transmission including vaccination and hospitalization. The fundamental qualitative analysis of the model, such as the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as their nonnegativity and boundedness, is established. The basic reproduction number <span>(mathcal {R}_0)</span> is derived, and stability of the infection free steady state is proved. Additionally, a comprehensive normalized sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the model’s robustness across various parameters. Furthermore, to enhance the biological validity of the model, it is fitted to the reported Mpox incidence data from the USA for the period of May 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023. To ensure the reliability, consistency, and accuracy of the model across various states, we provide a comprehensive numerical analysis with graphical representations of statistical indices such as error distribution assessments, regression analysis, and detailed curve fitting for each solution. The regression value <span>(R = 1)</span> across all dataset indicates a perfect correlation between the model predictions and target values. This study contributes to the mathematical modeling of infectious diseases and provides valuable insights for future advancements in the field. Additionally, the methodologies developed here can be applied to other diseases, offering broader benefits beyond the Mpox infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing solar cell efficiency through controlled aluminum doping in ZnS thin films: experimental and simulation study","authors":"F. Mansouri,&nbsp;A. Talbi,&nbsp;Y. Khaaissa,&nbsp;O. El Khouja,&nbsp;A. Ouannou,&nbsp;K. Nouneh","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08564-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08564-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study re-calls into question the influence of aluminum doping concentration on the properties of ZnS thin films prepared using a cost-effective, straightforward, and efficient deposition method. Thin films with aluminum doping levels of 4%, 8%, and 12%, along with undoped ZnS, were deposited on glass substrates at 450°C using the ultrasonic-assisted chemical vapor deposition technique (Mist-CVD). The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of Al doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of ZnS:Al samples. Experimental investigations were complemented by numerical simulations using SCAPS-1D software. The structural and morphological analyses were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the optical and electrical properties were characterized using a UV–VIS spectrophotometer and Hall Effect Measurement System. Numerical simulations revealed an efficiency of 13.75% for the ZnS:Al(12%) sample, which improved to 17.31% after optimization. The findings demonstrate that the aluminum doping rate significantly affects the physical properties of the films, which in turn impacts the efficiency of solar cells. This research provides valuable insights into the role of doping concentration in optimizing ZnS films as a buffer layer to enhance solar cell performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating theoretical uncertainties of the two-nucleon observables by using backpropagation","authors":"K. Topolnicki,&nbsp;R. Skibiński,&nbsp;J. Golak","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01581-x","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01581-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a novel approach to calculating theoretical uncertainties in few-nucleon calculations, making use of automatic differentiation via backpropagation, which is particularly efficient when there are many input variables but only a few outputs. The methods described in this paper constitute tools that can be used to investigate the properties of scalar functions used to define nuclear potentials and quantify their contribution to the uncertainty of few nucleon calculations. We demonstrate these methods in deuteron bound state and nucleon–nucleon scattering calculations. Backpropagation, implemented in the <b>Python pytorch</b> library, is used to calculate the gradients with respect to model parameters and propagate errors from these parameters to the deuteron binding energy and selected phase-shift parameters. The uncertainty values obtained using this approach are validated by directly sampling from the potential parameters. We find very good agreement between two ways of estimating that uncertainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01581-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of potassium-doped mixed halide perovskites Cs0.5K0.5SnX3 (X = Cl, Br, I): a first-principles study","authors":"Umair Mumtaz,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais,&nbsp;Hina Inam,&nbsp;Ahmed Althobaiti,&nbsp;Alshareef Mohammad","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00950-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00950-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of potassium-doped mixed halide perovskites Cs_0.5K_0.5SnX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) have been systematically delved into within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Structural stability was confirmed through the ground state energy <span>({(E}_{o}))</span> and Born’s mechanical stability criteria, indicating that all compounds retain a stable cubic phase. Mechanical analysis, including Poisson (<span>({varvec{upsilon}})</span>) and Pough’s ratios <span>((B/G))</span> suggests the significant ductility, making them suitable for device fabrication. Electronic structure calculations reveal that the bandgap can be tuned via halide substitution, impacting their potential for optoelectronic applications. Optical properties such as absorption, reflectivity, and optical conductivity demonstrate enhanced light-harvesting capabilities, particularly for Cs_0.5K_0.5SnI₃. These findings highlight the potential of potassium-doped tin-based perovskites as promising candidates for photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and optical sensors.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing (^{3})He content in magnetron sputtered and implanted targets for nuclear studies","authors":"E. Pilotto,&nbsp;F. J. Ferrer,&nbsp;S. Akhmadaliev,&nbsp;A. Fernández,&nbsp;A. Gadea,&nbsp;J. Gómez Camacho,&nbsp;D. Hufschmidt,&nbsp;M. C. Jiménez de Haro,&nbsp;E. Masha,&nbsp;F. Munnik,&nbsp;M. Osswald,&nbsp;D. Piatti,&nbsp;J. Skowronski,&nbsp;S. Turkat,&nbsp;J. J. Valiente-Dobón","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01590-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01590-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>(^{3})</span>He targets are a valuable tool in nuclear physics, particularly for studying nuclear structure and dynamics via direct reactions in inverse kinematics. However, they are often prone to degradation under intense beam irradiation and have insufficient <span>(^{3})</span>He content for use with low-intensity exotic beams. In a recent AGATA experiment at LNL, designed to study the astrophysically relevant lifetime of a <span>(^{15})</span>O excited state, two types of <span>(^{3})</span>He targets were tested. One was produced using ion implantation and the other with a novel magnetron sputtering technique, in both cases on Au substrates. Following irradiation with a stable <span>(^{16})</span>O beam, they were characterized using Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA). Results demonstrated that, under the here used fabrication conditions, sputtered targets present a higher <span>(^{3})</span>He content, while implanted ones exhibit thinner profiles. This highlights the possibilities and complementarity of these targets, suggesting their tailored use for future experimental campaigns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01590-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}