Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Meromorphic Functions in Several Complex Variables Satisfying Partial Derivative Conditions","authors":"Sujoy Majumder,&nbsp;Nabadwip Sarkar","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01986-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01986-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is a well-known result of Hayman (Meromorphic functions. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964, Theorem 3.10) that if a non-constant meromorphic function <i>F</i>(<i>z</i>) in <span>(mathbb {C})</span> satisfies </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} N(r,F)+N(r,0;F)+N(r,0;F^{(l)})=oleft( Tleft( r,F^{(1)}/Fright) right) end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>for some <span>(lge 2)</span>, then <span>(F(z)=e^{az+b})</span>, where <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> are constants. This paper highlights two main objectives: first, to extend Hayman’s characterization of meromorphic functions satisfying certain logarithmic derivative conditions to several complex variables; and second, to apply this extension to study finite-order meromorphic solutions of the following specific nonlinear partial differential equation </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} F(z)partial ^2_{z_i}(F(z))=e^{Q(z)}(partial _{z_i}(F(z)))^2,end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <span>(i=1,2,ldots ,m)</span> and <i>Q</i>(<i>z</i>) is an entire function in <span>(mathbb {C}^m)</span>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1527 - 1540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuity and Differentiability of Eigenvalues for Dirac Operators with Interface Conditions","authors":"Kun Li,&nbsp;Jiajia Zheng,&nbsp;Zhaowen Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01968-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01968-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The dependence of eigenvalues of Dirac operator with interface conditions is studied in this paper. We will show that the eigenvalues are not only continuously but also smoothly dependent on the parameters of the problem. Moreover, the differential expressions of the eigenvalues with respect to each parameter are given.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1517 - 1526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially Toxic Elements in Sediment of Gavkhuni International Wetland, Iran","authors":"Helena Kaabi,&nbsp;Eisa Solgi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01982-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01982-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, surface (<i>n</i> = 28) and deep (<i>n</i> = 4) sediments were sampled from the Gavkhuni International Wetland (GIW) to analyze potentially toxic elements (PTEs) values, sources, and potential ecological and human health hazards. Elements were analyzed applying inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). No significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) were found in elemental concentrations between different sampling depths. The mean (± standard deviation) concentrations order of studied elements in surface sediment samples was: Al (28088.80 ± 13741.75) &gt; Fe (16375.07 ± 7703.47) &gt; Mn (364.21 ± 158.12) &gt; Cr (55.04 ± 25.28) &gt; V (51.93 ± 25.21) &gt; Zn (36.35 ± 18.35) &gt; Ni (27.30 ± 15.51) &gt; As (24.40 ± 2.87) &gt; Cu (17.43 ± 9.33) &gt; Pb (9.82 ± 3.92) &gt; Co (6.68 ± 3.30) &gt; Mo (1.25 ± 0.98) &gt; Cd (0.21 ± 0.11) mg kg^− 1. Arsenic value in all surface sediment samples exceeded the threshold effect level (TEL). Based on the enrichment factor (EF), As and Cd were identified as PTEs of potential risk in the wetland sediments. Although the mean contamination levels indicated by the modified contamination degree (mCd) were generally low, several sampling sites showed significant enrichment and pollution according to EF and the modified pollution index (MPI). At all sampling sites, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exhibited minimal ecological risk, whereas As and Cd presented a significantly ecological threat. The highest toxic risk index (TRI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ) values were observed at stations situated at the mouth of the Zayandeh-Rud River. Risk assessment indicated that children were subject to non-carcinogenic effects from As and carcinogenic effects from Cr through ingestion. Geological formations in the wetland catchment were recognized as the principal origin of the studied elements.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1343 - 1354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Bohr Inequalities with Area Measure for Bounded Analytic Functions","authors":"Molla Basir Ahamed,&nbsp;Taimur Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01967-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01967-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We study the classical Bohr inequality for bounded analytic functions <i>f</i> on the unit disk and present improved versions of this inequality. By incorporating a linear combination of the quantities <span>(S_r/pi )</span> and <span>(S_r/(pi -S_r))</span> into the majorant series of <i>f</i> with appropriate coefficients, we demonstrate that the Bohr radius and associated coefficients in all our results are best possible (sharp). Furthermore, we show that several existing results are derived as particular cases of our main findings. Finally, we establish that the initial coefficients <span>(|a_0|=|f(0)|)</span> and <span>(|f(0)|^2)</span> in the main inequalities cannot be replaced by |<i>f</i>(<i>z</i>)| and <span>(|f(z)|^2)</span>, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1495 - 1516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Sericin in Modulating Antioxidant Enzymes and Dopaminergic D1 and D2 Receptors in a Parkinson’s Disease Animal Model","authors":"Zahra Salari,&nbsp;Ali Izadi,&nbsp;Marzieh Monemi,&nbsp;Ghorbangol Ashabi,&nbsp;Afshin Kheradmand","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01939-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01939-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a central nervous system disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of striatal dopamine nerve cells. The dopaminergic pathway is essential for the body’s movement as it allows dopamine to be transported from one side of the brain to the other. Dopamine function declines in response to PD, which can be defined by the absence of substantia nigra dopaminergic nerve cells. Building upon the preceding research efforts, our objective was to ascertain the levels of Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats exposed to rotenone injections, as well as to examine the protein expressions of D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum. GSH, SOD and MDA in the CSF as well as D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum were assessed. Sericin treatment in rotenone-exposed rats led to a notable decrease in MDA, plus an increase in SOD and GSH CSF levels when contrasted with the rotenone-only group. A significant reduction in D1R protein levels in the rotenone group was observed when compared with the control set. Treatment of animals by sericin in the rotenone-exposed group significantly increase D1R levels compared to the rotenone group. Data revealed that D2R protein level decreased significantly in the rotenone plus sericin and sericin groups compared to control group. Further, sericin treatment might have beneficial impacts on dopamine generation and function in PD models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1261 - 1270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharp Hankel Determinants for Inverse Logarithmic Coefficients of Function with Respect to Symmetric Points","authors":"AYESHA,&nbsp;MOHSAN RAZA","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01978-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01978-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Let <span>(mathcal {S})</span> denote the class of analytic univalent functions in the unit disk <span>(mathbb {D}:={zin mathbb {C}:|z|&lt;1})</span> with the form <span>(f(z)=z+sum _{n=2}^{infty }a_{n}z^{n})</span>. The logarithmic inverse coefficients <span>(Gamma _{n})</span> of <span>(fin mathcal {S})</span> are defined by </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} F_{f^{-1}}(w):=log (f^{-1}(w)/w)=2sum _{n=1}^{infty }Gamma _{n}w^{n}. end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>In this article, we determine the sharp bounds for the second Hankel determinant of logarithmic inverse coefficients for starlike and convex functions with respect to symmetric points.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1487 - 1494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrology and structural features of meyomessi-olounou granitoids within the ntem complex: constraints on petrogenesis","authors":"Okwara David Dicken,&nbsp;Mboudou Germain Marie Monespérance,&nbsp;Sigue Cyrille,&nbsp;Bala Ateba Chriatian,&nbsp;Nsangou Ngapna Moussa,&nbsp;Owona Sebastien,&nbsp;Fuanya Christopher,&nbsp;Pascal Landry Wabo Defo,&nbsp;M. J. Emmanuel Eseya,&nbsp;Penn Emile,&nbsp;Bewah Emilien Bih","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01969-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01969-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Meyomessi-Olounou Pan-African granitoids occur in the Ntem Group (Ntem Complex). Mineralogy, geochemical and litho-structural features helped to constrain their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. The observed granitoid blocks, boulders or slabs were subjected to Pan-African brittle deformation marked by a NE to ENE schistosity and a fracture event showing three principal orientations (N100E ̶ N120E, N010 ̶ N020E and N050/N070E) and dipping generally 50 to 70° SW. Medium to coarse-grained granodiorite, biotite- and amphibole-biotite granite are the varieties of granitoid studied in Meyomessi-Olounou. They are calc-alkaline S-type granite with SiO₂ (68.55–72.64 wt %), Rb/Sr (0.54–1.33) &gt; 0.15 and low LFSEs and HFSEs. Fractionated REE display negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu*4.68–8.56) with LREE [(La/Yb)_N = 0.02–0.03] enriched over HREE [(Gd/Yb)_N = 0.20–0.35], and ΣREE (255.00 ̶287.03 ppm). Granitoids were emplaced within a syn- collision context where partial melting, fractional crystallisation, felsic to mafic magmas and where the estimated crystallization temperature is between 700 and 950°C.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1323 - 1341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS-Based Hydrogeophysical Analysis of Coastal Aquifers in Kanyakumari, Southern India, Using Geoelectrical Parameters","authors":"R. Prabeena,&nbsp;K. Sankar,&nbsp;M. Sivakumar,&nbsp;K. Kalaivanan","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01971-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01971-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Groundwater resource assessment is an important part of sustainable water management in the coastal district. In this study, geoelectrical methods were employed for aquifer characterization and delineation of subsurface lithology in the Kanyakumari district, Southern India. Vertical electrical sounding data were collected at 47 locations using the Schlumberger array, and Dar Zarrouk parameters were derived from resistivity and layer-thickness inversion. The 1-D inversion results show resistivity values ranging from 4.7 to 1981.7 Ω m and layer thicknesses between 0.4 and 123 m. Curve-type interpretations show HA-type (36%) and HK-type (30%) curves correspond to sandy-clay and interbedded sand-clay lithologies, which are characteristic of a confined aquifer. Longitudinal conductance (S) varies between 0.158 and 5.709 mhos (60.1–1974.1 mhos/m²). Values &gt; 2.0 mhos indicate higher groundwater productivity, typically associated with clay-rich zones. High transmissivity zones with a value &gt; 10,000 Ω m² cover 493.04 km² and represent promising groundwater potential areas. In contrast, clay-dominated zones show a value &lt; 500 Ω m², reflecting limited yield. In the southeast and southwest of the study area, low anisotropy value (λ = 1.01 to 30.88, dimensionless) was observed, reflecting structural control and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in sand and hard rock formations. These results offer fundamental knowledge of aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential, a scientific basis for regional freshwater resource planning. The geoelectrical parameter derived from calibrated models proved effective in delineating productive aquifer zones. Their application is recommended for sustainable groundwater management practices, particularly in agricultural and domestic supply. The research outputs presented in this paper directly support SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) by identifying safe and sustainable groundwater potential zones for irrigation and domestic supply.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1299 - 1321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrographic and Mechanical Characterization of Rock Aggregates in a Himalayan Arc Setting: Implications for Concrete Durability and ASR Mitigation","authors":"Waqas Ahmed,&nbsp;Jalal Khan,&nbsp;Ihtisham Islam,&nbsp;Salman Ahmed Khattak","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01972-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01972-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Local aggregates are essential for infrastructure development in mountainous regions, yet their geological variability requires rigorous evaluation. This study examines the geological, petrographic, and geotechnical characteristics of coarse and fine aggregates from the Gabral River valley, Swat (Pakistan), to assess their engineering suitability and durability. Representative samples were collected from alluvial deposits and bedrock quarries encompassing igneous, metamorphic, and volcanic lithologies. Laboratory investigations included petrographic thin-section analysis and standard ASTM/AASHTO tests to characterize physical, mechanical, and durability-related properties. The results indicate that most coarse aggregates exhibit favorable mechanical performance, reflecting the dominance of dense, crystalline igneous rocks, particularly the Bela Gujar granite and Mankiyal diorite. Fine aggregates are clean and well graded, with properties suitable for base course and concrete applications. Petrographic screening (ASTM C295), based on visual thin-section examination and semi-quantitative estimation of lithologic constituents within representative alluvial clasts, indicates that approximately 25–30% of the coarse alluvial fraction contains potentially reactive silica phases. This proportion represents a screening-level assessment rather than a performance-based alkali–silica reactivity (ASR) classification, with uncertainty arising from the inherent heterogeneity of fluvial deposits. In contrast, fine aggregates are dominated by unstrained quartz and feldspar and are considered innocuous with respect to ASR. Based on established practice reported in the literature, the selective use of non-reactive igneous aggregates and blended or low-alkali cements is identified as an effective mitigation strategy where potentially reactive constituents are present. Overall, the findings demonstrate that aggregate suitability in the Gabral valley is application-dependent and can be reliably evaluated through an integrated geological, petrographic, and geotechnical screening framework.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1283 - 1298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Wavelet-Based Sampling Kantorovich Operators and their Study in Multi-resolution Analysis","authors":"Digvijay Singh,&nbsp;Rahul Shukla,&nbsp;Karunesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01954-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01954-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, wavelet-based filtering operators are constructed by introducing a basic function <span>(D(t_1, t_2, t_3))</span> using a general wavelet transform. The cardinal orthogonal scaling functions (COSF) provide an idea to derive the standard sampling theorem in multiresolution spaces which motivates us to study wavelet approximation analysis. With the help of modulus of continuity, we establish a fundamental theorem of approximation. Moreover, we unfold some other aspects in the form of an upper bound of the estimation taken between the operators and functions with various conditions. In that order, a rate of convergence corresponding to the wavelet-based filtering operators is derived, by which we are able to draw some important <i>inferences</i> regarding the error near the sharp edges and smooth areas of the function. Eventually, some examples are demonstrated and empirically proven to justify the fact about the rate of convergence. Besides that, some derivation of inequalities with justifications through examples and important remarks emphasizes the depth and significance of our work.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 4","pages":"1469 - 1486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}