Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Compactness of Some Matrix Operators Defined on Some New Banach Sequence Spaces Consisting Jacobsthal Numbers","authors":"Washmin Ara Begum,&nbsp;Rituparna Das","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01966-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01966-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we define new Banach sequence spaces <span>(ell _{p}(mathscr {J}))</span>, <span>(ell _{infty }(mathscr {J}))</span>, <span>(c_0(mathscr {J}))</span> and <span>(c(mathscr {J}))</span> using a new regular infinite matrix <span>(mathscr {J}= (mathfrak {j}_{cd}))</span> which is given by </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} mathfrak {j}_{cd} = {left{ begin{array}{ll} dfrac{2textrm{j}_d}{textrm{j}_{c+2} - 1} &amp; 1 le d le c;~forall c,d = 1,2,3,cdots 0 &amp; text {otherwise}, end{array}right. } end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <span>(textrm{j}= (textrm{j}_d))</span> is Jacobsthal number sequence. We also introduce various topological, inclusion relations, <span>(alpha )</span>-, <span>(beta )</span>-, <span>(gamma )</span>- duals, matrix mappings and Schauder bases of newly generated sequence spaces. Lastly, compactness of matrix operators on related sequence spaces have been provided using the concept of measure of noncompactness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1169 - 1177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Strongly Quasi Primary Submodules","authors":"Gülşen Ulucak,&nbsp;Suat Koç,&nbsp;Ünsal Tekir","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01940-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01940-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we introduce strongly quasi primary submodules. Let <span>(R )</span>be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and <i>M</i> be a unital <i>R</i>-module and <span>(N )</span>a proper submodule of <span>(M. )</span>Then <span>(N )</span>is called strongly quasi primary if <span>(rmin N )</span>for <span>(rin R )</span> and <span>(min M)</span> implies either <span>(r^{2}in (N:M) )</span>or <span>(min rad(N). )</span>In addition to give many properties and examples of strongly quasi primary submodules, we use them to characterize some special modules such as von Neumann regular modules and divided modules. Also, we investigate the strongly quasi primary ideals/submodules of amalgamations and give the conditions under which amalgamated duplication of a module <span>(Mbowtie I)</span> is a divided module.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1159 - 1167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breathe Easy: AI-Powered Air Quality Monitoring","authors":"R. Ezhilarasie,&nbsp;Nirmala Veeramani,&nbsp;Rajilal M. Vijayan","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01952-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01952-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work proposes a framework for monitoring and predicting air quality using the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning features. It features a four-layer architecture based on IoT four-layer architecture encompassing sensing, network, processing, and application layers. The methodology involves collecting data, preprocessing it, creating a prediction model utilizing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for air quality, acquiring real-time data through sensors, and incorporating an intuitive web application for real-time air quality monitoring. Information gathered from multiple sites across India concerning pollutants such as PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, CO, NO₂, NH₃, O₃ and NO was used as input to the LSTM model, enabling accurate predictions of air quality indices. The framework incorporates various sensors connected to the ESP32 microcontroller and the Raspberry Pi microcontroller acts as a gateway, employing the Message Queue Telemetry Protocol for data transmission towards the cloud. The assessment of model performance is performed using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error, highlighting the significance of achieving high prediction accuracy and robustness. A web interface was developed to improve user interaction, providing real-time air quality data, visual trend analyses, and risk predictions. The proposed system attained a prediction accuracy of 80.75%, underscoring its capability to enhance awareness of environmental health risks via continuous monitoring and data-informed insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1063 - 1075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum-Informed DFT Study of SARS-CoV-2 Protein–Inhibitor Binding and Nanomaterial Interactions for Antiviral Design","authors":"Abhay P. Srivastava,&nbsp;Brijesh K. Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01956-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01956-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use Density Functional Theory (DFT) to study the electronic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. We also probe the role of critical viral elements (main protease (Mpro), spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), as well as potent antiviral agents (remdesivir, nirmatrelvir, and quercetin). The quantum-level behaviour of these interactions are evaluated using the frontier molecular orbital and the adsorption energy. Second, it investigates the binding performance and the activity of the nanomaterials (ZnO, graphene, TiO₂, MOF-5) on viral proteins. Here, strong interactions between MOF-5 and graphene are observed, primarily through π–π stacking and covalent bonding. We provide a rational basis for molecular and nanoscale inhibitors, as well as a pre-cognition and prognostic framework for screening future agents and designing new antiviral materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1023 - 1031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosmarinic Acid Alleviates Inflammation in Mast Cells Induced by RANKL by Inhibiting the PI3K/MAPK Signaling Pathway","authors":"Ho-Geun Kang,&nbsp;Hee-Yun Kim,&nbsp;Kyung-Min Jeong,&nbsp;Yu-Jin Choi,&nbsp;Hyun-Ja Jeong","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01957-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01957-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in various plant species, with diverse therapeutic applications. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) plays a crucial role in inflammation, contributing to the production of inflammatory cytokines through the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in mast cells. In this study, we investigated the potential of RA to suppress RANKL-induced inflammatory response signaling pathways in the human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. The results demonstrated that RA effectively inhibits the activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in activated HMC-1 cells. The suppression of these pathways by RA led to reduced caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB activation. Furthermore, RA decreased the secretion and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, without affecting cytotoxicity. Our findings suggest that RA exerts a regulatory effect on RANKL-induced inflammatory reactions, potentially indicating its therapeutic role in treating RANKL-mediated inflammatory diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"959 - 969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Study of 76Br Production from Proton-Induced Reactions on Selenium Isotopes for PET Applications","authors":"Shatha Alafeshat,&nbsp;Halil Arslan,&nbsp;H. H. Saleh,&nbsp;Baris T. Tonguc","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-01963-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-01963-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radionuclides have gained considerable attention in nuclear medicine owing to their broad applications in both therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Among these, Bromine-76 (⁷⁶Br) is recognized as a reliable positron-emitting radionuclide widely used in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. The production of ⁷⁶Br can be achieved through several charged-particle reactions involving protons, deuterons, helium-3 and alpha particles. In this study, the proton-induced reactions ⁷⁶Se(p, n)⁷⁶Br, ⁷⁷Se(p, 2n)⁷⁶Br, ⁷⁸Se(p, 3n)⁷⁶Br, ⁷⁹Se(p, 4n)⁷⁶Br, and ⁸⁰Se(p, 5n)⁷⁶Br were investigated through theoretical modeling and Monte Carlo simulations. The excitation functions, proton ranges, theoretical yields, and End-of-Bombardment (EOB) activities were obtained using a combination of nuclear reaction codes and transport simulations. The calculated results were compared with experimental data and the TENDL-2023 nuclear data library, showing good overall agreement and confirming the reliability of the adopted computational approach for modeling ⁷⁶Br production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1249 - 1260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Weathering Agents on the Physico-mechanical Properties of Gypsum Mortar","authors":"Amin Jamshidi,&nbsp;Luís Sousa,&nbsp;Mousa Sabzi,&nbsp;Kimiya Rashnouei","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01959-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01959-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gypsum mortar is one of the most common building materials used in the Gachkeh Caravanserai (Lorestan Province, western Iran) and has experienced significant deterioration due to weathering agents. In the present work, a comprehensive laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of weathering agents on the physico-mechanical properties of gypsum mortar. To achieve this goal, some block samples of the mortar utilized in the ancient monument were collected. A number of specimens were prepared from block samples for various laboratory tests. The mineralogical composition of the mortar was studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and microscopic thin sections. Accelerated weathering tests, including freezing-thawing (FT), wetting-drying (WD), and heating-cooling (HC) tests, were performed on the samples. The properties of the samples, including porosity, Brazilian tensile strength, and P-wave velocity, were measured before and during the various cycles of accelerated weathering tests. Moreover, the pore structure modification of the deteriorated samples was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data analysis revealed that the samples experienced an increase in porosity and a decrease in the Brazilian tensile strength and P-wave velocity, indicating the adverse effects of the FT, WD, and HC processes on mortar deterioration. These results were in good agreement with the SEM images, indicating that the sample is vulnerable to FT, WD, and HC processes. However, data analysis revealed that FT had the greatest deterioration effect on the samples, followed by WD and HC. Moreover, the findings indicate that the deterioration of the samples caused by FT, WD, and HC was affected by their n and mineralogical composition. Identifying the FT as the most significant deterioration process of the samples can help in choosing the most appropriate conservation strategy to prevent progressive damage to the studied ancient monument. The results of the present study can be generalized to gypsum mortars used in ancient monuments in other regions of the world, which were exposed to weathering agents similar to those used in the present study (i.e., the FT, WD, and HC processes).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1077 - 1092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bicomplex Matrix Factorizations and Applications","authors":"Ajit Kumar,&nbsp;Shruthi Subhash,&nbsp;Vikram Aithal","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01948-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01948-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bicomplex numbers, with their commutative structure and idempotent representation, offer a tractable alternative to quaternions in hypercomplex analysis and have attracted interest in recent years. This work fills a gap about bicomplex matrix factorizations like LU, QR, Cholesky and the SVD factorizations. We explore the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality which uses the partial order in hyperbolic numbers. By exploiting the idempotent representation, we also look at the pseudoinverse of bicomplex matrices and Sylvester’s matrix equation. We simplify analysis and highlight emerging applications, opening pathways for further research in bicomplex linear algebra.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1133 - 1146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Doped Fluorescent Organic Probes: Facile Synthesis and Multifunctional Applications in TNX Sensing, Wastewater Treatment, and Luminescent Films","authors":"Muhammad Atif,&nbsp;Zaman Ashraf,&nbsp;Farhat Yasmeen,&nbsp;Muhammad Ishaq,&nbsp;Muhammad Iqbal,&nbsp;Muhammad Arif,&nbsp;Zeenat Haq,&nbsp;Yasir Hayat Qayyum","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01947-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01947-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An efficient, tunable, and multicolor-emitting fluorescent organic probe with an average crystalline size of 80.94 nm was synthesized from α-resorcylic acid with a short-chain passivating agent via a one-step solvothermal method. UV/visible spectroscopy, Photoluminance (PL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscope. (SEM) proved the fabrication and characterization of a fluorescent organic probe. UV–visible and PL indicated the luminance behavior of the fluorescent organic probe, while FTIR confirmed the functional groups present in the material. EDX confirmed the presence of C and N atoms, while XRD analysis revealed a broad peak at 2θ = 23° that the carbon core was composed of graphitic clusters. The SEM confirmed the triangular geometric morphology of the fluorescent organic probe. The relative quantum yield was measured to be 3.1%. The quenching efficiency (QE) of tenoxicam was observed to be 55.7%, owing to the presence of a thiophene ring. Furthermore, the fluorescent organic probe/TiO₂ composite exhibited better photocatalytic performance for degrading 10 ppm MG dye solution than TiO₂ by degrading 90.2%. Multicolor luminescent phenomena in the solid state were observed in polymeric thin films, which have gained significant interest in the field of device applications. This organic nanolight has attracted significant interest in sensory, chemical, and biological fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1001 - 1015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Applied Voltage Influence on the Consumed Power of Surface DBDs with Different Dielectric Barrier Materials","authors":"Soolmaz Jamali,&nbsp;Ameneh Kargarian","doi":"10.1007/s40995-025-01949-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-025-01949-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of applied voltage and dielectric material on the power consumption of Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (SDBD) systems. Three SDBD configurations, employing Alumina, Quartz, and Mica as dielectric barriers, were examined. The power consumption was accurately quantified using the Lissajous method by monitoring the charge-voltage characteristics to evaluate how dielectric properties affect discharge behavior under varying voltages ranging from 3 to 8 kV. The results indicate that power consumption rises with increasing voltage for all configurations, with the rate of increase strongly dependent on the dielectric material. These differences are attributed to variations in dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, and charge storage capacity, which govern discharge dynamics and energy transfer efficiency. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between applied voltage, dielectric properties, and energy demand in SDBD systems, providing valuable guidance for optimizing plasma-assisted surface treatment applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 3","pages":"1239 - 1247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}