Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of Quantum Conductance in Silicon Nanowire Doped with Boron in the Presence and Absence of (3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Molecule","authors":"Rahele Masoumifard,&nbsp;Mohsen Oftadeh,&nbsp;Kiamars Eskandari","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01501-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01501-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Calculations of the band structure and quantum conductance of silicon nanowires (SiNW’s) in different space configurations with and without (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) in different structures of ordinary and B-doped were investigated using Quantum Espresso and Wannier90 computational codes. By adding 1/27 impurities to the SiNW, the Si-B-Si bond angle at the shell increased by 120.75°, and the bond angle decreased to 107.05° for the core atoms. By adding APTES to the system, the Si–Si–Si bonding angle of the shell atoms increased to 110.12°. The band structure of pure SiNW based on maximally localized Wannier functions in the <span>(Z - Gamma - X)</span> direction in two different energy ranges of − 6 to + 6 eV and − 2 to + 3 eV showed that the transported probability in the <span>(Gamma - X)</span> direction is shallow. In the SiNW-B-doped band structure, nanowire contamination causes a p-type semiconductor in the system corresponding to about 3.8 eV for the energy gap, larger than the normal SiNW of about 0.7 eV. There is also an immense Van-Hoff singularity near the edge of the doped SiNW-B conduction band. In normal nanowires, the energy gap is smaller than that of doped nanowires, and the gap type changes from indirect to direct. In SiNW-doped films, the quantum conductance around the Fermi energy increases. In the SiNW-APTES system, owing to the presence of the APTES molecule, it is observed as a p-type semiconductor, and the conduction region and capacity of Van-Hoff singularities are more intense.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1145 - 1154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5344767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Integral Transform Results for Hilfer–Prabhakar Fractional Derivative and Analysis of Free-Electron Laser Equation","authors":"Ved Prakash Dubey,&nbsp;Jagdev Singh,&nbsp;Sarvesh Dubey,&nbsp;Devendra Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01493-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01493-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, Natural transforms of Prabhakar integral, Hilfer–Prabhakar (HP) fractional derivative and regularized Caputo form of HP fractional derivative (HPFD) are computed. Furthermore, we investigate the solution of a fractional free-electron laser equation and fractional Cauchy problems involving the HPFD via the Natural transform. The solution of Cauchy problems modeled with Hilfer–Prabhakar fractional derivatives and its regularized Caputo version is achieved in the form of generalized three parameter Mittag–Leffler function by operations of Natural and Fourier transforms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1333 - 1342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40995-023-01493-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4969171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solving Differential Equations by Artificial Neural Networks and Domain Decomposition","authors":"Alaeddin Malek,&nbsp;Ali Emami Kerdabadi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01481-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01481-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, parallel neural networks are proposed to solve various kinds of differential equations using domain decomposition techniques. First, trigonometric neural networks are designed based on the truncated Fourier series. Second, a group of these networks is calculated to estimate the initial approximation in each decomposed domain. Third, special modifier networks for decomposed domains and boundary networks for the related boundaries are determined. We successfully achieved the solution by considering an iterative method for learning modifier and boundary networks. Convergent properties for this method are proved. Neural network solutions are given and compared with some other numerical methods. Simulation results confirmed this hybrid approach’s efficiency, validity, and accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1233 - 1244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4824317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Evaluation of Anti-Cancer Effect of Lactobacillus Casei-Containing Niosome on Breast Cancer Cells Viability","authors":"Arian Marandi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ashrafi,&nbsp;Nuredin Bakhtiari","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01460-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01460-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aimed to design and characterize the <i>L. casei</i>-loaded niosomal formulation and to evaluate the antitumor and apoptotic efficacy of probiotic-loaded niosome against the MCF7 cell line. Niosomal formulation was synthesized using the thin-layer hydration method, and the optimal synthesis was confirmed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The stability of probiotic-loaded niosomes was assessed for 30 days in two different storage environments. The cytotoxicity experiment was conducted on the MCF7 cancer cell line and the normal HFF cells by treating various concentrations of probiotic-loaded niosomes using an MTT assay. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of BCL-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 genes in treated cancerous cells. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the number of apoptotic/necrotic cells. MTT results demonstrated that all concentrations of probiotics alone and probiotic-loaded niosomes significantly reduced MCF7 cancer cell viability at 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these substances toward cancer cells was concentration- and time-dependent. Compared to cells treated with probiotics alone, cells treated with probiotic-loaded niosomes showed a marked increase in the expression of proapoptotic genes and a decrease in the expression of the BCL2 gene. Moreover, an increase was observed in the percentage of apoptotic cells in MCF7 cells treated with probiotic-loaded niosomes compared to the control and probiotic-treated group. The findings demonstrated that encapsulation of probiotics increases their stability and cytotoxic potency and induces apoptosis by altering apoptotic gene expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1029 - 1038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4828763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosystematics Study of Zelkova Carpinifolia (Pall.) C. Koch (Ulmaceae), A Paleoendemic Tree","authors":"Seyed Mehdi Talebi,&nbsp;Atefeh Mohammadi,&nbsp;Raheleh Tabaripour","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01499-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01499-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Zelkova carpinifolia&lt;/i&gt; (Pall.) C. Koch is an ancient tree of the Ulmaceae family, which is considered an essential species in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Therefore, we examined infraspecific genetic variation and morphological polymorphism in ten Iranian populations of this species. For the molecular study, nuclear genomes of 50 individuals of 10 populations were extracted by C-TAB modified protocol and amplified using 10 SCoT molecular primers. Additionally, 10 individuals were selected per population for morphometric analyses. We used SPSS, GenAlex, PopGene, GenoDive, and Structure software for statistical analyses. All quantitative morphological characteristics differed among and within the populations. Meanwhile, the ANOVA test showed a significant difference (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05) for a few traits. Significant correlations were determined between some morphological traits with geographic parameters of habitats. No significant correlation was detected between morphological variation and geographic distance by the Mantel test. However, some qualitative features such as leaves margin, basal forms, and blade shape differed among and within the populations. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed a high level of morphological polymorphism within populations, followed by a low level of among populations morphological differentiation. However, we detected four morphotype groups among the evaluated populations. Results of the AMOVA test indicated a significant proportion of genetic diversity among the populations. The large amounts of H&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt; and G&lt;sub&gt;ST&lt;/sub&gt; showed a strong genetic differentiation created by a flat rate of gene flow. Moreover, isolation by distance occurred among the populations. TCS networking indicated a low rate of mutation occurred among the individuals of most populations. According to UPGMA tree and structure analyses, two main groups of genotype were detected that were in accordance with geographical distribution of the populations. In addition, a large amount genetic dissimilarity was detected between some populations. The genetic structure of both genotypes was nearly uniform; however, some intermediated were observed. We observed some significant correlations between various genetic diversity parameters with some leaf morphological features, which indicates genetic base of these variations. For some populations, the clustering patterns were similar for both, morphology and genetic diversity, studies. The results of morphological study did not support the existence of subspecies in &lt;i&gt;Z. carpinifolia&lt;/i&gt;, while results of molecular study were entirely different. Our findings revealed that genetic isolation by distance, a flat rate of gene flow, a low mutation level, genetic drift, and vegetative reproduction lead to a substantial population genetic differentiation, followed by a small amount of within-population genetic diversity. However, the relative uniformity in environmental condition resulted in similar phen","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1097 - 1114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5090448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Fabrication of Highly Efficient Chemical Sensor Based on Graphene Nanocomposites","authors":"Ishrat Rahim,&nbsp;Mutabar Shah,&nbsp;Afzal khan,&nbsp;Rizwan Ullah","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01498-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01498-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene-based thin-film gas sensors have been widely studied due to their easy fabrication, high efficiency, low power consumption and better selectivity in comparison with the previously designed inorganic semiconducting materials. The present paper reports the investigation of morphological, structural and gas sensing properties of reduced grapheme oxide (RGO), reduced graphene oxide–silver nanocomposite (RGO–AgN) and reduced graphene oxide–silver–polymethyl methacrylate (RGO–AgN–PMMA) nanocomposite thin films. Surface-type thin-film sensing devices were fabricated using the inexpensive drop-cast method. XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the physical features, crystallinity and structure of the thin films, respectively. The gas detection abilities of the designed device were measured at various concentrations of the selected gases in the range of 0 to 6000 ppm. The sensor was exposed to ammonia, ethanol and methanol, and the variation in electrical parameters of the prepared thin-film devices was examined at various frequencies by a GW Instek817 LCR meter. The sensors indicated a high sensitivity, less response/recovery times and better selectivity toward the testing gases. It was observed that sensors were about three times greater electrical response toward ammonia vapors contrary to ethanol and methanol. The relative capacitance was increased by 7000, 6000 and 1240.8 times (on average) at 100 Hz for RGO–AgN, RGO–AgN–PMMA and RGO thin-film sensors, respectively, when exposed to the gas atmospheres. These experimentally obtained results reveal that RGO–AgN nanocomposite-based sensor showed a greater sensitivity to the gas atmospheres as compared to the other two fabricated sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1431 - 1440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4752149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equicompact-Type Subsets of Operator Spaces","authors":"M. Salimi,&nbsp;H. Ardakani","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01492-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01492-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A set <span>(H subset K(X, Y))</span> (the space of all compact operators between two Banach spaces <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i>) is said to be uniformly completely continuous (or sequentially weak-norm equicontionuous) if for each weakly null sequence <span>((x_n)subset X)</span>, the sequence <span>((T(x_n)))</span> converges uniformly on <span>(Tin H)</span>. Also, <span>(H subset K(X, Y))</span> is called equicompact if every bounded sequence <span>((x_{n}))</span> in <i>X</i> has a subsequence <span>((x_{k(n)})_n)</span> such that <span>((Tx_{k(n)})_n)</span> is uniformly convergent for <span>(Tin H)</span>. Using the Right topology, we study the concept of uniformly pseudo weakly compact (or sequentially Right-norm equicontionuous) and also uniformly limited completely continuous subsets of some operator spaces. In particular, in terms of completely continuous operators into <span>(c_0)</span>, we give an operator characterization of those subsets of <i>L</i>(<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>) whose uniformly pseudo weakly compact (or uniformly limited completely continuous) sets are uniformly completely continuous and also those subsets of <i>L</i>(<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>) whose uniformly completely continuous sets are equicompact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1325 - 1332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4683042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous Jerk Oscillator with Quadratic Nonlinearities: Theoretical Investigations, Chaos Control, and Difference Synchronization","authors":"Balakrishnan Sriram,&nbsp;Victor Kamdoum Tamba,&nbsp;Eric Donald Dongmo,&nbsp;André Chéagé Chamgoué,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Rajagopal","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01491-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01491-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports concerning the microcontroller validation of a self-governing jerk oscillator with quadratic nonlinearities (AJOQN) and operation investigations based on chaos control and difference synchronization. AJOQN displays self-excited chaotic attractors with different shapes. The total amplitude control of AJOQN is achieved by tuning one of its parameters. The dynamical characteristics reported in AJOQN are vindicated via the microcontrollerprobing. A single controller is delineated to quash the complex characteristics of AJOQN. The validity of the designed single controller is confirmed by the numerical simulations. In the bargain, controllers are formulated to establish difference synchronization in the triple similar coupled chaotic AJOQNs advancing from different incipient states. In closing, simulations numerically of the triple alike coupled chaotic AJOQNs manifest the efficacy of difference synchronization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1313 - 1324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4685959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potentials and Candidates for COVID-19","authors":"Mina Rezghi Rami,&nbsp;Maryam Meskini,&nbsp;Nahid Rezaei Khozani,&nbsp;Shayan Forouzandehdel,&nbsp;Saeideh Momtaz,&nbsp;Soumya Ghosh,&nbsp;Nima Rezaei,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01488-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01488-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak spread rapidly worldwide. Yet, there is no identifiable antiviral treatment, so an effective drug is urgently needed. Preventive strategies and oxygen therapy are the main practical approaches to prevent and treat COVID-19. Clinical trials are in progress for the antiviral and immunomodulation agents that eventually are being developed for COVID-19 treatment. Pharmacological, immunotherapies, natural-based supplements, biologics, and combination therapies interventions have been established. The concept of drug repurposing was re-visited, and many conventional antivirals or immunosuppresses were evaluated for Efficacy against COVID-19 infection. Even though much has been published, the rapid progression of therapeutic strategies and unpredictable disease alterations necessitates continual information updates. This review defines drug repurposing and summarizes a medication developed for other therapeutic approaches rather than SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Furthermore, we provide data on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) on COVID-19. Additionally, biological and advanced Nano-based drug delivery systems are reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1283 - 1297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4975889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imidazole–Thiazole Hybrid: Synthesis, Brain Penetration, Cytochrome P450 Enzyme and Gastrointestinal Absorption Study","authors":"Shital M. Dekate,&nbsp;Kishor M. Hatzade,&nbsp;Ajay M. Ghatole","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01496-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01496-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thiazoles, imidazoles, and related derivatives are prominent heterocyclic molecules. Even though the chemistry of imidazole compounds with thiazole moiety has an ancient legacy, the rigorous search for biologically active substances in the imidazole series barely emerged in the last few cascades. The purpose of this communication is to highlight medicinally active substances, while also recent syntheses, which have been reported to still have antimicrobial activities. The present investigation identifies the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new 2-amino-4-aryl-1, 3-thiazole-5-carboxaldehydes, their imidazole derivatives, and Schiff bases with various substituted benzaldehydes, including the antimicrobial and antifungal activities among these compounds. The majority of the synthesized compounds are Pgp substrates and CYP3A4 inhibitors, according to the analysis of their pharmacokinetic properties. The overall findings of this study indicated that the molecular to physiologically intriguing imidazole scaffold with varied aromatic substituents was an intriguing methodology for the creation of antibacterial medicines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 4","pages":"1081 - 1096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4975893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}