Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Genesis of Ultrahigh-Grade Blue Dust Through Supergene Silica Leaching in Banded Iron Formations, Daitari Iron Ore Deposit, Singhbhum Craton, India","authors":"Jayant Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02038-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02038-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Daitari Iron Ore Deposit in the Singhbhum Craton, India, hosts ultrahigh-grade blue dust, a naturally occurring friable and powdery hematite-rich iron ore, with Fe₂O₃ contents up to 95.52 wt% and SiO₂ reduced to as low as 0.9 wt%. This study integrates petrographic observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD), bulk major and trace element geochemistry, rare earth element (REE) analysis, and SEM–EDS elemental mapping to elucidate its genetic evolution. Petrographic evidence documents polygonal martite pseudomorphs after magnetite, progressive dissolution of chert laminae, and extensive destruction of the primary banded fabric, indicating multistage supergene alteration. SEM–EDS elemental mapping reveals a homogeneous iron-rich matrix without Fe-rich veinlets, replacement fronts, or compositional zoning, supporting in-situ residual enrichment rather than hydrothermal iron addition. Quantitative mass-balance calculations demonstrate that enrichment was achieved through &gt; 90% silica removal, while trace element and REE characteristics (∑REE = 44.14 ppm; LREE/HREE = 4.65; weak negative Ce anomaly and slight positive Eu anomaly) indicate limited REE mobility during supergene alteration, consistent with residual enrichment and relative iron immobility. The integrated mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical evidence indicates that blue dust formation was governed by open-system silica leaching under oxidizing meteoric conditions, with residual concentration of iron and no detectable hydrothermal Fe metasomatism. Comparison with globally significant BIF-hosted iron ore systems establishes the Daitari deposit as an extreme end-member of residual supergene enrichment. These findings refine the genetic model for ultrahigh-grade hematite formation in Archean cratonic settings, provide quantitative constraints on the upper limits of silica-leaching-driven iron enrichment, and contribute valuable exploration criteria for naturally beneficiated direct-shipping iron ore deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2079 - 2092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Validation of Key Genes Related to Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis","authors":"Yuncen Zhou,&nbsp;Yun Liu,&nbsp;Hangjun Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02030-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02030-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common IgE-mediated inflammatory disease, but the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation-related genes to AR progression remain incompletely understood. This study integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation to identify inflammation-related candidate genes associated with AR. Differentially expressed genes were screened from the GSE19187 dataset using the limma package, while weighted gene co-expression network analysis and inflammation-related gene sets were used to identify AR-associated inflammatory genes. External validation was performed using the GSE44037 dataset, and diagnostic value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Two candidate inflammation-related genes, SLC7A1 and TIMP1, were identified in the discovery analysis. Among them, SLC7A1 showed more consistent validation results and stronger diagnostic performance, whereas TIMP1 showed limited validation performance and was therefore considered a preliminary candidate rather than a validated biomarker. Transcription factor prediction identified NFIC as a potential shared regulator of SLC7A1 and TIMP1. In IL-13-induced JME/CF15 nasal epithelial cells, inflammatory cytokines and SLC7A1 expression were significantly increased. Functional experiments showed that, under IL-13-stimulated conditions, SLC7A1 knockdown further enhanced inflammatory cytokine production while reducing nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels, suggesting that IL-13-induced SLC7A1 upregulation may represent a compensatory response that helps preserve epithelial immune homeostasis. Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that NFIC directly binds to the SLC7A1 promoter and promotes its transcription. Moreover, NFIC overexpression increased SLC7A1 expression and attenuated IL-13-induced inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that SLC7A1 may have potential diagnostic relevance and may function as an inflammation-related regulator in AR, although its diagnostic utility requires further validation in larger clinical cohorts. The NFIC–SLC7A1 axis may contribute to epithelial immune regulation through arginine-dependent nitric oxide pathways and represents a potential therapeutic target for AR management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2035 - 2045"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hamiltonian Based Source Theory Approach to Non-relativistic Gravitational Bremsstrahlung","authors":"A. Jahan","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02026-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02026-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the Hamiltonian approach to the source theory, the scattering cross-section of gravitational bremsstrahlung of a charged particle scattering off the Coulomb potential is provided. It is shown that the cross section can be obtained by calculating the imaginary part of the effective action defined in terms of the persistence amplitude of the combined particle-graviton state <span>(vert {{textbf {p}}},0rangle )</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2305 - 2310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational Layout and Surrounding Rock Control of Roadways Under Goaf in Ultra-Close Coal Seams","authors":"Jin-Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Chen,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Liu,&nbsp;Jun-Hao Xu,&nbsp;Zi-Min Zhao,&nbsp;Hai-Bo Shi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02031-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02031-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Currently, many coal mines involve the mining of ultra-close coal seams. The extraction of the upper coal seam leads to a complex stress environment and well-developed fractures within the rock mass of the lower coal seam, which severely compromises the stability of the roadway surrounding rock. Consequently, these factors pose significant challenges to the rational layout of roadways and the design of support schemes, especially for coal seam spacings below 10 m, no relevant studies have been documented in existing literature. To address these issues, the rational layout and support technology of the mining roadway in the No. 3 lower coal seam were investigated in this study, with the Chaili Coal Mine serving as the engineering background. It addresses the difficult problems concerning rational roadway layout and support under a coal seam spacing of only 5 m. Through a comprehensive approach involving theoretical analysis, DEM numerical modeling, FEM numerical modeling and field measurements, The stress and displacement distribution patterns of the roadway in lower coal seam under various location conditions have been analyzed. The results indicate that an inward location 4 m from the goaf is the optimal position for the roadway layout. During the mining process of the upper coal seam, the floor is severely affected by mining disturbances, resulting in significant rock mass damage. The floor damage zone is categorized into a crushed zone and a fracture zone from the surface downwards, with depths of 5 m and 10.6 m, respectively. Based on these findings, a combined support technology of “prestressed bolt-mesh-cable + steel ladder + anchor beam” was proposed. Borehole imaging revealed that the rock mass remains relatively intact at medium depths within the roof. The measured surface deformations of the roadway obtained from field monitoring are 70 mm, 67 mm, 75 mm and 86 mm, respectively. These results verify the effectiveness of the support scheme in controlling both shallow and deep surrounding rock. The findings provide a reference for similar engineering projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2107 - 2123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Re-evaluation of log ft Values and β-Decay Modes of fp-Shell Nuclei","authors":"Wajeeha Khalid,&nbsp; Anza,&nbsp;Jameel-Un Nabi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02029-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02029-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2337 - 2337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional-Order Optimal Control of a Realistic Measles Model Incorporating Time-Dependent Vaccination and Treatment Strategies","authors":"Sunil Dutt Purohit,&nbsp;Sanjay Bhatter,&nbsp;Sangeeta Kumawat","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02027-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02027-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Measles persists as a major public-health challenge in Ethiopia, where recurrent outbreaks are driven by suboptimal routine immunization and high susceptibility among children. To characterize these dynamics more accurately, this study investigates a fractional-order measles model using the Caputo derivative, enabling the incorporation of memory and hereditary effects that are not captured by classical integer-order formulations. Model parameters, including the fractional order, are calibrated using weekly Ethiopian measles incidence data. The best-fit model corresponds to <span>(alpha = 0.86)</span> and yields a <span>(3.4%)</span> reduction in Root Mean Square Error together with lower Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion values compared to the integer-order model. Within this framework, a fractional optimal control problem is developed by introducing time-dependent vaccination and treatment controls. The optimality conditions derived via Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle are solved numerically to evaluate alternative intervention strategies. Quantitatively, the combined vaccination–treatment strategy reduces the final number of infections by <span>(94%)</span> relative to the uncontrolled scenario at <span>(alpha = 0.86)</span> and achieves a <span>(60%)</span> reduction compared with its integer-order counterpart; it also lowers the total control cost by approximately <span>(28%)</span> under fractional dynamics. Overall, the fractional model provides a more flexible representation of measles transmission by accounting for delayed response and long-range temporal effects inherent in real epidemics. The findings demonstrate that optimally timed, memory-aware vaccination strategies can significantly reduce both disease burden and implementation cost in settings such as Ethiopia, where gaps in routine immunization continue to sustain measles circulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2209 - 2224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etoposide and Bleomycin Combination Additively Inhibit Proliferation and Migration of Germ Cell Tumors In Vitro","authors":"Sara Soltanian,&nbsp;Zahra Movahedi,&nbsp;Behjat Kalantari Khandani","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02028-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02028-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Embryonal carcinoma is a type of aggressive testicular cancer, specifically a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, that tends to grow rapidly and spread outside the testicle. Bleomycin and etoposide are the most common chemotherapy combinations for this cancer. This study aimed to investigate inhibitory effects of bleomycin and etoposide combination on proliferation and migration of NCCITs as embryonal carcinoma cells. According to the MTT assay, bleomycin and etoposide showed cytotoxic effect with IC₅₀ values of 127 and 105 μM respectively. The combination of bleomycin and etoposide at a fixed molar ratio of 1:1 produced an additive cytotoxic effect (IC₅₀: 55 μM for each drug) as demonstrated by combination index calculation and isobologram analysis using CompuSyn software. In combination therapy, bleomycin and etoposide indicate favorable dose reduction vs. as a single drug (DRI &gt; 1). According to real time PCR analysis, combination of etoposide and bleomycin for 48 h reduced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers; vimentin (80%), snail (64%) and MMP-9 (86%) and pluripotency-associated genes; OCT4 (94%), NANOG (83%) and SOX2 (72%). Scratch wound healing assay and transwell migration assay indicated anti-migratory effect of bleomycin and etoposide combination on NCCIT cells. In conclusion, combination of bleomycin and etoposide is effective for suppressing proliferation and migration of embryonal carcinoma testicular cancer cells. This approach could enhance therapeutic efficacy by overcoming tumor resistance, increasing cancer cell kill through distinct mechanisms of action, and minimizing overlapping toxicities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2021 - 2034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Spectral Properties of Gyro-Klystron Radiation in the Presence of Electron Beam Energy Spread","authors":"Anjali Gajbhiye,&nbsp;Deepi Jain","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02022-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02022-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates relativistic electron radiation in a gyro-klystron device, incorporating the effect of beam energy spread and initial perpendicular velocity component. In an optical klystron a drift or dispersion section separates two undulator sections of identical length. Similarly, a dispersion section separates two solenoids of identical length in the gyro-klystron.</p><p>Based on the cyclotron maser interaction concept, the gyro-klystron produces radiation at the cyclotron resonance frequency when an electron performs helical motion in the first solenoid. The influence of the initial perpendicular velocity component on spectral properties of gyro-klystron is shown in the paper. Findings demonstrate the importance of maintaining a low energy spread parameter to ensure efficient beam–wave interaction. The study shows an effective <b>inverse relationship between energy spread and spectral gain of gyro-klystron,</b> the effect of increasing initial perpendicular velocity component consistently enhances <b>gain and intensity</b> across all values of energy spread parameter. As a result, higher <b>perpendicular velocity values</b> mitigate the beam quality requirements while broadening the operational range of the gyro-klystron. It is also reveals that dispersion strength increases, <b>phase coherence improves</b>, and the <b>spectral bandwidth narrows</b>, indicating stronger resonance. An analytical treatment has been applied for the formulation of the gain expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2285 - 2293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, Optical, and Temperature Dependent Ferroelectrics Study of Ni-Doped Sodium Zincate","authors":"Chandra K. Dixit,&nbsp;Anjani K. Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02024-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02024-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for environmentally benign ferroelectric oxides has intensified in recent years, driven both by ecological concerns and the search for high-performance multifunctional materials. Sodium zincate (Na₂ZnO₂) has emerged as a material of interest owing to its chemical robustness, non-toxic nature, and structural adaptability. Nonetheless, its relatively wide electronic bandgap and only moderate ferroelectric activity restrict its usefulness in advanced electronic and optoelectronic systems. In the present work, nickel (Ni) was introduced at the zinc site to overcome these drawbacks, with the aim of simultaneously tailoring the structural, electrical, and optical behavior of Na₂ZnO₂. Polycrystalline ceramics with Ni concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 mol% were fabricated through a conventional solid-state route. High-purity Na₂CO₃, ZnO, and NiO powders were carefully weighed, mixed, and subjected to high-temperature calcination to encourage phase formation. Phase formation and lattice modifications were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), with Rietveld analysis providing lattice constants and crystallite size estimates. Microstructural features such as grain size and density were studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical absorption spectra were collected in the UV–Visible region, and electronic bandgaps were estimated using the Tauc formalism. Ferroelectric properties were evaluated from polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops, recorded across a range of operating temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2295 - 2304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oxygen Flux on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by DC Reactive Cathodic Spraying","authors":"Sawsan H. Abdullah","doi":"10.1007/s40995-026-02015-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-026-02015-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Producing TiO₂ thin film by reactive DC sputtering has attracted considerable interest owing to its widespread applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Three TiO₂ thin films were prepared on glass in situ by reactive DC sputtering at various oxygen flow rates without heat treatment, with good film uniformity. The films were examined for structural and optical properties. X-ray diffraction reveals better crystallinity is in films produced at a moderate O₂ flow ratio (in an argon blend). UV-Visible absorbance reveals that the films have band gaps at 3.80 (for Ar:O₂ 90:10), 3.75 (for Ar:O₂ 80:20, and 3.65 eV (for Ar:O₂ 70:30). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the formation of the Ti–O bond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"50 6","pages":"2311 - 2316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149176360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}