Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Optimal Approximation of Fractional Order Brain Tumor Model Using Generalized Laguerre Polynomials","authors":"Z. Avazzadeh,&nbsp;H. Hassani,&nbsp;M. J. Ebadi,&nbsp;P. Agarwal,&nbsp;M. Poursadeghfard,&nbsp;E. Naraghirad","doi":"10.1007/s40995-022-01388-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-022-01388-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. Glioblastoma (GB) is an aggressive and fast-growing type of brain tumor that invades brain tissue or spinal cord. GB evolves from astrocytic glial cells in the central nervous system. GB can occur at almost any age, but the occurrence increases with advancing age in older adults. Its symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headaches, or even seizures. GB, formerly known as glioblastoma multiforme, currently has no cure with a high rate of resistance to therapy in clinical treatment. However, treatments can slow tumor progression or alleviate the signs and symptoms. In this paper, a fractional order brain tumor model was considered. The optimal solution of the model was obtained using an optimization method based on operational matrices. The solution to the problem under study was expanded in terms of generalized Laguerre polynomials (GLPs). The study problem was shifted to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations by the use of Lagrange multipliers combined with operational matrices based on GLPs. The analysis of convergence was discussed. In the end, some numerical examples were presented to justify theoretical statements along with the patterns of biological behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"501 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4157832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malachite Green-Based Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by One-Step Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification","authors":"Reyhaneh Tavakoli-Koopaei,&nbsp;Fatemeh Javadi-Zarnaghi,&nbsp;Shima Aboutalebian,&nbsp;Hossein Mirhendi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-022-01392-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-022-01392-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed the necessity of diagnosis of the infected people to prevent the prevalence infection cycle. Many commercial pathogen diagnosis methods are based on the detection of genomic materials. Isothermal amplification methods such as loop-mediated-isothermal amplification (LAMP) are the method of choice in these cases. Reverse transcription steps are efficiently coupled to LAMP for the detection of pathogens with genomic RNAs such as SARS-CoV-2. Many detection systems for LAMP include fluorescent readout systems. Although such systems result in desirable limits of detection, the need for special instrumentation is the main dispute of such systems to become real point of care assays. In contrast, colorimetric detection methods would reduce costs and improve the applicability of the system. In this study one-step reverse transcription-LAMP reaction was established that enables visual detection of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Nasopharyngeal RNA samples were first validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and then subjected to RT-LAMP. To lower the cost associated with the readout system equipment, malachite green (MG) was used. The color change of MG to blue allowed visual detection of the virus. Firstly, experiments were set up as two-step RT-LAMP reaction to identify the best primer sets. In addition, MG concentration was optimized with the significant colorimetric signal for the positive samples. Next, a one-step colorimetric method was developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on MG color shift in 2 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"359 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4161449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01424-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01424-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"325 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4118477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Trace Elements in Different Pistachio Variety by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Technique","authors":"Reza Pourimani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hosein Choopan Dastjerdi,&nbsp;Mobina Abdi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01421-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01421-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Elemental analysis of nine samples of seven popular pistachios was performed using the neutron activation analysis technique. Thermal neutrons of Isfahan Miniature Neutron Source Reactor and related devices were used for activation analysis. The results show that the concentrations of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) varied from 1670.20 to 1680.60, from 0.472 to 1.42, from 1170.50 to 1460.75, from 47.0 to 65.10 in mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic (As) was present in small amounts in some pistachio samples. Essential elements such as copper and zinc in Rafsanjan Akbari sample had higher amounts than other varieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"581 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40995-023-01421-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5153600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infraspecific Anatomical Study of Salvia limbata C. A. Mey. (Lamiaceae) in Iran","authors":"Seyed Mehdi Talebi,&nbsp;Alex Matsyura,&nbsp;Sholeh Behzadpour,&nbsp;Raheleh Tabaripour","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01422-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01422-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Salvia limbata</i> is a medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family that is naturally distributed in various regions of Iran and neighboring countries. In the current evaluation, the leaf blade and petiole anatomical variables were examined in eight Iranian <i>S. limbata</i> populations to explore their taxonomic significance and interpopulation variations. The evaluated populations were harvested from three subprovinces of the Irano-Turanian province. The plant samples were fixed in formaldehyde 90%, ethanol 5%, acetic acid 5% solution, and the hand cross sections of the blade and petiole were double stained with carmine and methylene blue. Data were analyzed using PAST ver. 2.1 and findings revealed that all qualitative variables were invariable between populations, except for the shape of the leaf blade and the epidermal cells of the petiole. Most quantitative traits varied among the considered populations by principal component analysis (PCA) and divided the investigated characteristics into seven components, where two first components had more than 80% of the total variation. In PCA loading, most of the characteristics assessed were negatively correlated. According to UPGMA dendrogram and PCA plot, the populations were clustered into three groups. The PCA biplot revealed the distinct characteristic(s) for each classified group. The clustering patterns of these populations were not in agreement with the geographical distance and phytogeographic similarity between the populations. Several anatomical characteristics were found similar to those recorded in some Lamiaceae genera and lacked taxonomic value, whereas others had taxonomic importance at the infraspecific level. According to a phytogeographic survey and a previous study of molecular genetic diversity, it can be suggested that genetic background can create enough anatomical adaption in populations of <i>S. limbata</i> to establish itself in a wide range of habitats. Meanwhile, the microhabitat has a powerful influence on the anatomical structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"347 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40995-023-01422-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5115898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical Behaviour Changes in Response to Various Functional Responses: Temporal and Spatial Plankton System","authors":"Randhir Singh Baghel","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01413-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01413-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we focus on the comparison between ratio-dependent and Holling type-II functional response in the phytoplankton dynamics with the susceptible and infected populations with or without diffusion. The dynamics are investigated in terms of local stability using both the response function for the systems and the definition of the Hopf-bifurcation, which has been demonstrated to occur in the Holling type-II functional response using the half-saturation time (i.e. <span>(alpha)</span>) as the bifurcation parameter. We observed that the system’s dynamical behaviour is affected by the response functions and the system is more stable in the case of the ratio-dependent functional response. Furthermore, the study of higher-order perturbation terms reveals the heterogeneity of in-homogeneous spatiotemporal perturbation around temporal steady state outside the linear regime. The system behaviours to both types of response functions are studied numerically in the temporal and spatiotemporal domain (i.e. pattern formation in the diffusive population). Numerical simulation is used to examine the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"445 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5042295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depositional Facies and Palynofacies Provenance of Clastic Deposits: Insight from Paleocene Strata in Southeast Region, Nigeria","authors":"Kingsley Kachikwulu Okeke,&nbsp;Obianuju Patricia Umeji,&nbsp;Chidozie Princeton Dim,&nbsp;Ogechi Clementina Ekwenye,&nbsp;Ngozi Augustina Ulasi,&nbsp;Ozioma Carol Uwakwe,&nbsp;Chioma Oluchukwu Maduewesi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01411-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01411-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Detailed sedimentary facies and palynofacies provenance studies were carried out on clastic deposits outcropping around the Awka area within the Imo Formation (Paleocene) of the Niger Delta Basin. Seven facies were systematically recognized based on the textural parameters, sedimentary structures and palynological constituents. Interpretation of the prevailing paleoenvironments, palynofacies provenance and depositional mechanisms were derived from the hydrodynamic controls. The sedimentary facies include shales, mudstones, siltstones, heteroliths, cross-bedded sandstones and matrix-supported conglomerates. The palynofacies showed preponderance of amorphous organic matter, marine taxa, opaque particles, with few structured phytoclasts and terrestrial microflora. These palynological microflora constituents are grouped into palynofacies association A and B based on the composition and proportion of the organic particles, stratigraphic position and paleoenvironments of the strata. Facies analysis indicates that the mudrock facies (e.g. shale, mudstone and siltstone) are deposits of deep marine depositional settings with terrestrial input while the sandstones mimic deposits associated with tidal sand waves in shallow sandy seas, braided river and tidally influenced distributary channels. The facies and palynofacies provenance model suggest dominance of terrestrially influenced shallow to deep marine environment evidenced from the abundance of amorphous organic matter and presence of gonyaulacacean dinoflagellate species, <i>Glaphyrocysta ordinata, G. exuberans,</i> and pollen of <i>Proxapertites operculatus, Retitricolporites irregularis</i> with other accompanying marine forms. In addition, the presence of texturally mature coarse- to fine-grained sandstones, variable sedimentary structures, internal bed geometries and nature of bedding are suggestive of tidally dominated shallow marine settings including distributaries channel network deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"73 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5045085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Dynamics of a Two-Strain Disease Model with Amplification, Nonlinear Incidence and Treatment","authors":"Md Abdul Kuddus,&nbsp;Anip Kumar Paul","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01412-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01412-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, antibiotic resistance to the most effective treatments has emerged and spread. This has led to a decline in the efficacy of antibiotics used to treat patients, with drug-resistant strain experiencing much higher failure rates and serious side effects. In this study, we considered two-strains (e.g., drug-susceptible and drug-resistant) susceptible-infected-recovery disease model with amplification, nonlinear incidence and treatment. We assumed amplification develops mainly through the choice of naturally happening mutations in the presence of inappropriate treatment. We performed a rigorous analytical analysis of the model properties and solutions to predict late-time behavior of the disease dynamics and find that the model contains four equilibrium points: disease-free equilibrium, monoexistence endemic equilibrium 1 concerning drug-susceptible strain, monoexistence endemic equilibrium 2 concerning drug-resistant strain and coexistence equilibrium regarding to drug-susceptible as well as drug-resistant strains. Two basic reproduction numbers <span>({R}_{0mathrm{s}})</span> and <span>(R_{{0{text{m}}}})</span> are found, and we have presented that if both are less than one <span>(({text{i}}.{text{e}}.max left[ {R_{{0{text{s}}}} ,{ }R_{{0{text{m}}}} } right] &lt; 1))</span>, the disease fade-out, and if both greater than one <span>(({text{i}}.{text{e}}.max left[ {R_{{0{text{s}}}} ,{ }R_{{0{text{m}}}} } right] &gt; 1))</span> the epidemic situation occurs. Moreover, epidemics occur regarding to any strain when the basic reproduction number remains above the value 1 and disease fade-out with regard to any strain when the basic reproduction number remains below the value 1. In all equilibrium points, the global stability analysis was determined with the help of appropriate Lyapunov functions. In addition, we also found that the drug-resistant strain prevalence increases when the drug-susceptible strain is treated due to the poor-quality treatment (i.e., amplification). We also performed the sensitivity analysis through evaluation of Partial Rank Correlation Coefficients (PRCC) to identify the most important model parameters and found that transmission rate of both strains had the maximum influence on disease outbreak. To support those analytical results, numerical simulations of the model were performed using ODE45 MATLAB routine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"259 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5045821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Spread and Control of Viral Infection in Damaged Aquatic System: Emergence of Patterns","authors":"Smriti Chandra Srivastava,&nbsp;Nilesh Kumar Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s40995-023-01415-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-023-01415-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we propose an eco-epidemiological model for prey (free-living motile species, i.e., <i>dinoflagellates</i>) and predator in an aquatic system. The predator’s density is affected by both virus-induced prey and toxicity. The spread of viral infection is taken as simple law of mass, and interaction between prey and predator is described by the Holling type II functional response. Stability analysis of the model system has been studied for spatial and non-spatial systems, and the theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation. It is explored that the aquatic system is very sensitive to carrying capacity and able to generate chaotic phenomena. We have observed the Hopf and transcritical bifurcation scenario for different carrying capacity and transmission of virus contamination. The results show that high carrying capacity affects the aquatic system, and virus also influences the species dynamics. Further, the diffusion-driven Turing instability is analyzed and different hot and cold cluster-based Turing patterns are observed, emphasizing the effect of time variation and virus contamination. The results obtained in this study give a rich dynamics and show that the viruses with poor water quality, high nutrients, red and green algae, toxic substances, etc. are responsible for natural substances demises, aquatic habitats death. In large, it affects the environment and human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 2","pages":"467 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5045081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on COVID-19: Primary Receptor, Endothelial Dysfunction, Related Comorbidities, and Therapeutics","authors":"Elham Assareh,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Abbasi,&nbsp;Mahsa Heidari,&nbsp;S. Mohsen Asghari","doi":"10.1007/s40995-022-01400-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-022-01400-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic named coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and resulted in a worldwide economic crisis. Utilizing the spike-like protein on its surface, the SARS-CoV-2 binds to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which highly expresses on the surface of many cell types. Given the crucial role of ACE2 in the renin–angiotensin system, its engagement by SARS-CoV-2 could potentially result in endothelial cell perturbation. This is supported by the observation that one of the most common consequences of COVID-19 infection is endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular damage. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction is the shared denominator among previous comorbidities, including hypertension, kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, etc., which are associated with an increased risk of severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Several vaccines and therapeutics have been developed and suggested for COVID-19 therapy. The present review summarizes the relationship between ACE2 and endothelial dysfunction and COVID-19, also reviews the most common comorbidities associated with COVID-19, and finally reviews several categories of potential therapies against COVID-19.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4973075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}