物理最新文献

{"title":"Influence of magnetic dipole on the hybrid nanofluid flow with chemical reactions due to the generated and absorbed heat","authors":"R S Varun Kumar,&nbsp;K Chandan,&nbsp;K Venkadeshwaran,&nbsp;Taseer Muhammad,&nbsp;R J Punith Gowda,&nbsp;B C Prasannakumara","doi":"10.1007/s12043-025-02917-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12043-025-02917-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study examines the impact of heat source/sink, magnetic dipole and heterogeneous–homogeneous chemical reactions on the hybrid nanofluid flow via a stretching cylinder in the presence of porous media. Scientists and engineers can enhance the efficiency of heat transfer by optimising system flow and investigating the impact of chemical reactions on flow dynamics. Many chemical engineering activities, including absorption, leaching, drying, adsorption, evaporation and solvent extraction, can be used in the analysis of mass transfer to or from surfaces. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are modelled and presented. The use of similarity variables transforms the modelled PDEs of the present problem into non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resultant ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order (RKF-45) method and the obtained results are compared using the physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach. Graphical representations illustrate the effects of various parameters on temperature, concentration and velocity profiles. The thermal profile increases as the ferromagnetic interaction and heat source/sink parameters increase. As homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction parameters rise, the concentration profile decreases. The outcomes obtained by PINN are in good agreement with the solution obtained by RKF-45, indicating good convergence. \u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":743,"journal":{"name":"Pramana","volume":"99 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of Tb-doped ZnO nanoparticles: effect of doping concentration","authors":"A. Jasmine,&nbsp;P. Baskaran,&nbsp;L. Bruno Chandrasekar,&nbsp;M. Karunakaran,&nbsp;P. Krishnaveni,&nbsp;T. Balakrishnan,&nbsp;Lalitha Gnanasekaran,&nbsp;J. Thirumalai,&nbsp;P. Shunmuga Sundaram,&nbsp;Salim Manoharadas,&nbsp;Sonaimuthu Mohandoss,&nbsp;Subamanian Palanisamy","doi":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00943-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00943-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tb-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Tb_xZn_1-xO) were prepared by chemical precipitation method with different doping concentrations of Tb. The crystallite size and other related structural properties are examined. Young’s modulus, electron jump length and crystal lattice distortion degree are discussed as a function of doping concentration. The band gap reduces from 3.24 to 2.82 eV as the doping concentration of Tb increases from 0%. The prepared nanoparticles are hole-rich materials. The quenching is observed in the photoluminescence spectrum due to doping. Kirby–Bauer method is employed to investigate the anti-bacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that cause septicemia. The degradation of methylene blue using the prepared nanoparticles as a catalyst is examined using both UV and Visible radiation. The effective degradation is observed in this work and the enhanced photocatalytic activity is observed at high doping concentration of Tb. The maximum degradation efficiency of 98.60% is observed against methylene blue when the dye is irradiated by UV radiation for the time period of 120 min. But the same is 74.89% by visible light.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":787,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal B","volume":"98 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic analysis of the mass spectra of triply heavy baryons","authors":"Guo-Liang Yu,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Li,&nbsp;Zhi-Gang Wang,&nbsp;Ze Zhou","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14261-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14261-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mass spectra, root mean square (r.m.s.) radii and radial density distributions of <span>(Omega _{ccb})</span> and <span>(Omega _{bbc})</span> baryons are firstly analyzed in the present work. The calculations are carried out in the frame work of relativized quark model, where the baryon is regarded as a real three-quark system. Our results show that the excited energy of charmed-bottom triply baryons are always associated with heavier quark. This means the lowest state of <span>(Omega _{ccb})</span> baryon is dominated by the <span>(lambda )</span>-mode, however, the dominant orbital excitation for <span>(Omega _{bbc})</span> baryon is <span>(rho )</span>-mode. In addition, the influence of configuration mixing on mass spectrum, which is induced by different angular momentum assignments, is also analyzed. It shows that energy of the lowest state will be further lowered by this mixing effect. According to this conclusion, we systematically analyze the mass spectra of the ground and excited states(<span>(1Ssim 4S)</span>, <span>(1Psim 4P)</span>, <span>(1Dsim 4D)</span>, <span>(1Fsim 4F)</span> and <span>(1Gsim 4G)</span>) of <span>(Omega _{ccb})</span>, <span>(Omega _{bbc})</span>, <span>(Omega _{ccc})</span> and <span>(Omega _{bbb})</span> baryons. Finally, with the predicated mass spectra, the Regge trajectories of these heavy baryons in the (<i>J</i>, <span>(M^{2})</span>) plane are constructed.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14261-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and simulation of magnetoelectric response in tri-layer polymer-based composites","authors":"Rabah Belouadah,&nbsp;Laurence Seveyrat,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08582-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08582-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetoelectric (ME) materials which possess both magnetic and electric properties are of great interest for their potential applications in numerous devices such as magnetoelectric sensors for detecting AC or DC fields, energy harvesting systems, memory devices (magnetoelectric random access memory), transducer in microwave electronics. They can exhibit dielectric polarization induced by the magnetic field, a magnetization under an electric field. A strong ME effect requires the simultaneous presence of magnetic moments and electric dipoles. In this work, three phase composites are prepared from <i>β</i> phase Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyurethane (PU) based composites. The two following configurations were studied. They differ by the ferromagnetic or diamagnetic character of the particles added to the polyurethane: PU + 2%wt ferromagnetic Fe₃O₄ / PVDF / PU + 2%wt Fe₃O₄ (PVDF/ferro PU) and PU + 10%wt diamagnetic Bi₂O₃ / PVDF / PU + 10%wt Bi₂O₃ (PVDF/dia PU). The bi-stretched PVDF monolayer sample is used to evaluate the role of the magnetostrictive layer on the magnetoelectric current. The variation of the ME current versus the bias magnetic induction, and the phase between the current and the magnetic induction, suggests the existence of two types of ME coefficients and the complex nature of them. A simple model was used to represent the magnitude of the current and the phase shift, and the experimental and modeled data are in good agreement. The biggest linear ME coefficient was obtained with multilayers prepared with diamagnetic particles. Concerning the bilinear ME coefficient, the largest value was obtained for the system with ferromagnetic particles. The PVDF monolayer also showed a magnetoelectric effect due to the eddy current. These results open perspectives for the fabrication of specific materials with adapted ME coefficients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting (B_s rightarrow PP) and PV decays with contributions from ({phi }_{B2}) with the perturbative QCD approach","authors":"Yueling Yang,&nbsp;Zhao-Jie Lü,&nbsp;Su-Ping Jin,&nbsp;Junfeng Sun","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14172-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14172-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <span>(B_s rightarrow PP)</span> and <i>PV</i> decay modes are revisited at leading order within the perturbative QCD (pQCD) approach, incorporating the <span>(B_s)</span> mesonic wave function (WF) <span>({phi }_{B2})</span>. Here, <i>P</i> represents the pseudoscalar mesons <span>({pi })</span> and <i>K</i>, while <i>V</i> denotes the ground-state vector mesons. The investigation incorporates two key refinements: the contribution of the subleading-twist WF <span>(phi _{B2})</span> of the <span>(B_s)</span> meson and the effects of higher-order terms in the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the final-state mesons. We emphasize that <span>(phi _{B2})</span> is not merely a numerical correction, but a necessary ingredient to preserve gauge invariance. Employing the minimum <span>(chi ^2)</span> method, we optimize the shape parameter <span>(omega _{B_s})</span> of the <span>(B_s)</span> meson WF and systematically calculate the branching ratios and CP violation parameters for these decay modes. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of <span>(phi _{B2})</span> significantly impacts both the branching ratios and CP asymmetries, resulting in better agreement with existing experimental data for specific channels. This underscores the need to account for <span>(phi _{B2})</span> in theoretical studies of <span>(B_s)</span> weak decays. While the higher-order corrections in the final-state meson DAs yield comparatively smaller effects, they still enhance the theoretical predictions. These findings highlight the importance of refining both WF modeling and higher-order contributions in pQCD calculations. Future high-precision experimental measurements will further test these predictions, while continued theoretical efforts are essential for exploring additional interaction mechanisms and systematic uncertainties. The interplay between experimental advancements and theoretical improvements remains critical for a deeper understanding of <span>(B_s)</span> meson decay dynamics.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14172-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, magnetic, electromagnetic, and hyperfine interactions of rare earth Ho3+ doped in mixed Co–Ni spinel ferrites","authors":"Y. Slimani,&nbsp;M. A. Almessiere,&nbsp;A. Baykal,&nbsp;D. S. Klygach,&nbsp;S. V. Trukhanov,&nbsp;A. V. Trukhanov,&nbsp;A. Ul-Hamid","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08576-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08576-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports the hydrothermal synthesis of Ho³⁺ ion substituted Ni-Co (Ni_0.5Co_0.5Ho_xFe_2−xO₄ (x ≤ 0.05) nanospinel ferrites (<i>Ho</i>→NiCo<i>Fe</i>) NSFs). Their structure, morphology, magnetic/microwave properties, and hyperfine interactions have been investigated via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning/Transmission electron microscopies (SEM/TEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), microwave absorption analyzer, and Moss spectroscopy techniques. The single-phase composition (purity of the products) and crystallinity of all products were verified by Energy X-ray Spectrophotometer (EDX) and XRD. The crystallite size (D) of the products is within the range of 14–24 nm. The magnetization curves were performed via a VSM device at ambient (300 K (RT)) and low (10 K), which indicate hard magnetic features with ferrimagnetic behavior for each of the as-prepared Ho→NiCoFe NSFs. The rise in Ho³⁺ substituting content causes a reduction in Ms, which is attributed to the deterioration of A-B exchange interactions and redistribution of cations among A and B sites. Contrarily, the coercivity increases with the rise in Ho³⁺ substituting content, which might be caused by the changes in cationic distribution at A and B sublattices, lattice distortions, reduction in crystallites/grains size, and rise in the number of grain boundaries. Other magnetic parameters were also determined, discussed, and correlated with structural and morphological changes. The Mössbauer spectra consisted of five magnetic sextets for all samples. The doublet formation was observed only x = 0.04 and 0.05. The doped ions substituted with Fe³⁺ ions at B site. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used for the calculation of cation distribution. Microwave features were examined within 12–33 GHz. S11-S21 parameters were used for periodicity scatterings of the actual/imaginary parts of permeability and permittivity. RL coefficient demonstrated intensive electromagnetic absorption with average level − 10…-15.9 dB that corresponded to the absorption of the natural media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08576-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AC susceptibility and electrical properties of Ag2S added Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2CaCu2O8 superconductor","authors":"M. A. Salma,&nbsp;M. M. Awang Kechik,&nbsp;K. P. Lim,&nbsp;R. Che Hak,&nbsp;A. B. P. Ilhamsyah,&nbsp;R. Abd-Shukor,&nbsp;S. K. Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08558-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08558-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bi_1.6Pb_0.4Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ (Bi-2212) superconductor samples doped with silver sulfide (Ag₂S) in different weight percentages (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the samples contained Bi-2212 as the dominant phase. The electrical resistance versus temperature curves showed metallic normal state behavior for samples with 0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.4 while the sample with <i>x</i> = 0.5 wt. % and <i>x</i> = 1.0 wt. % showed a semimetal-like normal state behavior with an onset transition temperature, <i>T</i>_{c onset} between 82 and 96 K and zero transition temperature, <i>T</i>_{c zero} between 65 and 77 K. AC susceptibility curves showed that the susceptibility transition temperature, <i>T</i>_cχ’ was between 76 and 83 K for all samples. The intergrain critical current density, <i>J</i>_c at the peak temperature, <i>T</i>_p of the imaginary part of the susceptibility <i>c</i>” for all samples was between 16 and 19 A⋅cm^− 2. The <i>x</i> = 0.1 wt% sample showed the highest <i>T</i>_p, (65 K), indicating an improvement in the flux pinning strength. The highest maximum intergrain Josephson current, <i>I</i>₀ and Josephson energy, <i>E</i>_j were between 11.12 and 14.41 µA and 23.02–29.60 meV, respectively for <i>x</i> = 0.5 and 1.0 wt% samples. This work demonstrated that a lower amount of Ag₂S improved the flux pinning energy of the Bi-2212 phase while a higher amount of Ag₂S enhanced intergrain coupling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halogen additive architectonics of Sm doped CeO2 electrolytes for effect on the electrical properties at low temperatures","authors":"Jie Zheng,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Yongtao Huang,&nbsp;Zezhong Wang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Chunsheng Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08562-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08562-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid oxide electrolyte Sm doped CeO₂(SDC) materials have been extensively studied for their excellent properties in fuel cell applications. Although most research on SDC focuses on metal-oxygen ion conduction, relatively few studies have explored anion behavior. In this study, halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) were successfully incorporated into the SDC lattice, and their effects were analyzed in detail. Further electrochemical studies have shown that the high electronegativity of halogens effectively promotes the diffusion ability of oxygen ions in the lattice, thus enhancing the electrical conductivity. The ionic conductivity of F, Cl, and Br-doped SDC electrolytes is significantly higher in the temperature range of 475 to 550 °C compared to Br-doped SDC. Specifically, the power output of a single cell using Br-doped SDC reached 784 mW cm^− 2 at 550 °C, which is notably higher than that of a cell based on the undoped SDC electrolyte (583 mW cm^− 2). These findings offer new insights into the design of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of global 21-cm signal using artificial neural network in light of ARCADE 2","authors":"Vivekanand Mohapatra,&nbsp;J. Johnny,&nbsp;Pravin Kumar Natwariya,&nbsp;Jishnu Goswami,&nbsp;Alekha C. Nayak","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14256-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14256-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the astrophysical nature of the first stars remains an unsolved problem in cosmology. The redshifted global 21-cm signal <span>(({T}_{21}))</span> acts as a treasure trove to probe the cosmic dawn era – when the intergalactic medium was mostly neutral. Many experiments, like SARAS 3, EDGES, and DARE, have been proposed to probe the cosmic dawn era. However, extracting the faint cosmological signal buried inside a brighter foreground, <span>({mathcal {O}}(10^4))</span>, remains challenging. Additionally, an accurate modelling of foreground and <span>({T}_{21})</span> signal remains the heart of any extraction technique. In this work, we constructed the foreground signal <span>((T_{FG}))</span> from the global sky model and star formation history using Press–Schechter formalism to determine the <span>(T_{21})</span> signal with excess radio background following ARCADE 2 detection. Further, we incorporated static ionospheric distortion into the total signal and calculated the signal measured by an ideal antenna. We then trained an artificial neural network (ANN) for the extraction of a <span>(T_{21})</span> signal parameters signal measured by antenna with an R-square score <span>((0.5523{-}0.9901))</span>. Lastly, we used a Bayesian technique to extract <span>(T_{21})</span> signal and compared the finding with ANN’s extraction.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14256-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrode fabrication of BiFeO3/PANI nanohybrid by solvothermal process for efficient water splitting","authors":"Zulekhah Nazir,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;A. Alhadhrami,&nbsp;Gaber A. M. Mersal,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar,&nbsp;Subhash Chandra,&nbsp;Jayanti Makasana,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal,&nbsp;R. S. K. Sharma,&nbsp;Piyus Kumar Pathak","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06277-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06277-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid depletion of fossil fuels has raised significant concerns in energy sector. The excessive usage of coal and gas for energy production is polluting our environment and ecosystem which is an alarming situation. Therefore, it is essential to explore renewable resources for energy production to overcome this problem. Water splitting is one of the promising sources of renewable energy production. In water electrolysis, catalysts play an important role; in present work, BiFeO₃/PANI is used as an electrocatalyst for OER. BiFeO₃/PANI composite is a remarkable electrocatalyst for water splitting because of its stability and high catalytic activity. BiFeO₃/PANI was fabricated via solvothermal processes, and its structural, morphological, and functional groups were identified by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SEM results showed that the BiFeO₃/PANI composite’s surface morphology was flakes that dispersed more evenly across the aggregated nanosheets. The EDS investigation of BiFeO₃/PANI showed that the sample contained C, N, O, Bi, and Fe. To verify the thermal stability, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the BiFeO₃/PANI was carried out at temperatures ranging from 25 to 700 °C. TGA technique confirms the thermal stability of composite. The enhanced surface area and higher conductivity of the composite indicate its efficient OER performance. The synthesized materials were tested for their electrochemical performances in an alkaline medium (KOH), and nanocomposite BiFeO₃/PANI showed exceptional OER capabilities, like less overpotential (278 mV). In addition to facilitating electron transport, the electrocatalyst achieves a low Tafel value (37.83 mV s⁻¹) and exhibits extended durability even after 2500 cycles. These results showed nanocomposite BiFeO₃/PANI is the best electrocatalyst for OER.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}