物理最新文献

{"title":"The (^{12})C((alpha ,gamma )^{16})O reaction, in the laboratory and in the stars","authors":"R. J. de Boer,&nbsp;A. Best,&nbsp;C. R. Brune,&nbsp;A. Chieffi,&nbsp;C. Hebborn,&nbsp;G. Imbriani,&nbsp;W. P. Liu,&nbsp;Y. P. Shen,&nbsp;F. X. Timmes,&nbsp;M. Wiescher","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01537-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01537-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolutionary path of massive stars begins at helium burning. Energy production for this phase of stellar evolution is dominated by the reaction path 3<span>(alpha rightarrow ^{12})</span> C<span>((alpha ,gamma )^{16})</span>O and also determines the ratio of <span>(^{12})</span>C/<span>(^{16})</span>O in the stellar core. This ratio then sets the evolutionary trajectory as the star evolves towards a white dwarf, neutron star or black hole. Although the reaction rate of the 3<span>(alpha )</span> process is relatively well known, since it proceeds mainly through a single narrow resonance in <span>(^{12})</span>C, that of the <span>(^{12})</span>C<span>((alpha ,gamma )^{16})</span>O reaction remains uncertain since it is the result of a more difficult to pin down, slowly-varying, portion of the cross section over a strong interference region between the high-energy tails of subthreshold resonances, the low-energy tails of higher-energy broad resonances and direct capture. Experimental measurements of this cross section require herculean efforts, since even at higher energies the cross section remains small and large background sources are often present that require the use of very sensitive experimental methods. Since the <span>(^{12})</span>C<span>((alpha ,gamma )^{16})</span>O reaction has such a strong influence on many different stellar objects, it is also interesting to try to back calculate the required rate needed to match astrophysical observations. This has become increasingly tempting, as the accuracy and precision of observational data has been steadily improving. Yet, the pitfall to this approach lies in the intermediary steps of modeling, where other uncertainties needed to model a star’s internal behavior remain highly uncertain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01537-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of thermal, structural, magnetic, and radiation shielding properties of CuAlNi and CuAlNi-X (X = Co, CoFe, CoFeMn, CoFeMnCr) high-temperature shape memory alloys","authors":"İskender Özkul,&nbsp;Oktay Karaduman,&nbsp;Telem Şimşek,&nbsp;Tuncay Şimşek,&nbsp;Canan Aksu Canbay,&nbsp;Ömer Güler,&nbsp;Mert Hüseyin Şan,&nbsp;Ghada ALMisned,&nbsp;H. O. Tekin","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08444-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08444-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the thermal, structural, magnetic, and radiation shielding properties of CuAlNi-based high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) enhanced through sequential alloying with Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr. Five different variants were produced, designated as CRef (reference CuAlNi alloy), CCo (CuAlNiCo), CFe (CuAlNiCoFe), CMn (CuAlNiCoFeMn), and CCr (CuAlNiCoFeMnCr). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the presence of reversible martensitic transformations in all alloys, with Co and Mn additions significantly enhancing thermal stability. Structural analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopy showed significant grain refinement and phase transitions, while magnetic measurements highlighted the strong ferromagnetic response of CCo (CuAlNiCo) and the increased coercivity of CMn (CuAlNiCoFeMn) due to domain-pinning effects. Moreover, radiation shielding analyses demonstrated the critical influence of density and elemental composition, with CRef exhibiting superior linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), and energy absorption buildup factor (EBF) performance, attributed to its optimized Cu fraction and high density (7.1296 g/cm³). In contrast, CMn (CuAlNiCoFeMn) showed the weakest shielding properties due to reduced density and Mn content. Among the samples, CRef emerged as the superior alloy, demonstrating exceptional multifunctionality across all evaluated parameters, while CCr (CuAlNiCoFeMnCr) displayed synergistic properties, combining shape memory behavior with competitive shielding efficiency. It can be concluded that CuAlNi-based HTSMAs hold significant potential as multifunctional materials, particularly for nuclear safety and aerospace engineering applications, where adaptive functionality and radiation protection are critical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recoil electron polarization-dependent T-odd correlations in neutrino elastic scattering on polarized electron target","authors":"Arkadiusz Błaut,&nbsp;Wiesław Sobków","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14084-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14084-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Possible symmetry breaking tests with respect to the time inversion in the elastic scattering of neutrinos on polarized electrons are considered, assuming that the incoming neutrino beam is either longitudinally or transversely polarized, and both momentum and polarization of recoil electrons are observed. In the process, in addition to the standard interaction, the exotic scalar, pseudoscalar and tensor interactions can participate. Due to the nonstandard interactions, different types of triple T-odd products in the cross section may appear. We consider several experiments in which mixed products built of the recoil electron polarization and two other vector quantities (incoming neutrino momentum, its polarization, polarization of the electron target and outgoing electron momentum) can be identified. Observations of the T-odd correlations may indicate noninvariance under time reversal as well as the presence of exotic interactions. A complete analysis of the problem requires a precise determination of the possible contributions from the interactions mimicking the genuine violation of time reversal symmetry, e.g. final state interactions.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14084-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation and decay dynamics of (^{158})Tb(^{*}) compound nucleus formed in (^{6})Li+(^{152})Sm reaction","authors":"Rajni,&nbsp;Gudveen Sawhney,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Rai,&nbsp;Manoj K. Sharma","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06191-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06191-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present analysis, the formation and the decay of <span>(^{158})</span>Tb<span>(^{*})</span> compound nucleus formed via <span>(^{6})</span>Li +<span>(^{152})</span>Sm reaction is studied. The energy density functional theory based on the Skyrme effective interaction is used to calculate the nuclear potential. Within the frameworks of Wong and <span>(ell)</span>-summed Wong formula, the fusion process is examined and for the decay, the dynamical cluster decay model is used. The complete fusion cross-section shows decent agreement with experimental data with <span>(ell)</span>-summed Wong formula which otherwise indicate <span>(sim)</span>35<span>(%)</span> suppression at higher incident energies with Wong formula. The decay part of lanthanide compound nucleus <span>(^{158})</span>Tb<span>(^{*})</span> is investigated using the concept of nuclear surface polarization effects (SPE) in which the complete fusion (CF) and incomplete fusion (ICF) dynamics is explored in view of fragmentation potential, preformation probability and penetrability of decaying fragments. The SPE is also tested on neck-length and barrier modification parameters. Along with this, the evaporation cross-sections in aforementioned decay processes are calculated using angle dependent and angle independent diffuseness parameter. Our results indicate that the SPE significantly influence the excitation functions and related dynamics of lanthanide compound nucleus as the experimentally reported CF and ICF cross-section for <span>(^{158})</span>Tb<span>(^{*})</span> system are found to be nicely fitted when angle dependent diffuseness is incorporated in the nuclear potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The soft dipole resonances and E1 responses of 6He and 6Be","authors":"Y. H. Yang,&nbsp;Y. G. Ma,&nbsp;Z. C. Xu,&nbsp;S. M. Wang","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01543-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01543-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>⁶He, known as a Borromean nucleus with a 2<i>n</i>-halo structure, and its mirror partner ⁶Be, the lightest 2<i>p</i> emitter, provide an excellent framework for exploring soft dipole resonance and nuclear structure. Despite previous studies on these nuclei, the potential presence of soft dipole resonance (<span>(J^pi = 1^-)</span>) had rarely been predicted before. In this work, we will investigate the presence of <span>(1^-)</span> resonance states in the complex energy plane, focusing on how the soft dipole resonance impacts the <i>E</i>1 transitions/response. Using the Gamow coupled-channel method for three-body calculations, we analyze the structures and soft dipole resonance of ⁶He and ⁶Be mirror systems, further exploring the <i>E</i>1 transition strengths of ⁶He through Green’s function method. The results show that the structural properties of ⁶He and ⁶Be show similar behavior. Notably, there are significant di-nucleon correlations in the <span>(0^+)</span> ground-state of both nuclei. Additionally, we observed a significant enhancement in <i>E</i>1 transition strengths at the energy corresponding to the <span>(1^-)</span> state. This indicates the presence of relative motion between the valence nucleons and the core.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New physics effects with right-handed neutrinos in semileptonic decay (B_c^+ rightarrow B_s mu ^+ nu _{mu })","authors":"Priyanka Boora,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar,&nbsp;Kavita Lalwani","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14050-y","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14050-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We extend the Standard Model with the general effective Hamiltonian for the quark level transition <span>(c rightarrow s ell nu )</span> with a complete set of four fermion operators including right-handed neutrinos. The current experimental measurements in charm decays are compatible with the Standard Model predictions and are used to constrain the new physics. With the available experimental data, we fit a <span>(chi ^2)</span> function to get the best-fit values of the NP WCs. We investigate the impact of allowed new physics in the observables such as differential branching fraction, forward–backward asymmetry, lepton polarization asymmetry, and convexity parameter in the semileptonic decay <span>(B_c^+ rightarrow B_s mu ^+ nu _{mu })</span>. The different types of new physics scenarios significantly affect these considered observables. Future experimental information on these observables can help disentangle the structure of new physics.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14050-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase control of three-dimensional spatial distribution of probe absorption in quantum well nanostructures","authors":"Haobing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08455-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08455-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of standing wave fields on the 3D absorption profiles of a quantum well (QW) system based on biexciton coherence, focusing on the effects of relative phase, detuning, and different light-matter interaction schemes. We derive the conditional position probability distribution of probe absorption, elucidating how variations in phase and detuning can manipulate spatial localization patterns. Distinct absorption patterns are observed, with a maximum detection probability of 25% in defined subspaces. Further analysis reveals that adjusting the relative phase of the applied fields leads to significant reconfigurations of the absorption maxima, enhancing spatial confinement and predictability of the quantum system’s position. Additionally, we explore the impact of detuning, demonstrating that manipulating detuning narrows absorption volumes, reduces positional uncertainty, and achieves up to 100% detection probability in specific regions. These findings underscore the critical role of quantum interference effects arising from standing-wave fields, which generate spatially varying Rabi frequencies and dictate the modulation of probe absorption. The results provide valuable insights into the control of light-matter interactions, with implications for quantum information processing and precision measurement applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From reactors to stars","authors":"Maurizio Busso,&nbsp;Maria Lugaro,&nbsp;Alberto Mengoni,&nbsp;René Reifarth,&nbsp;Michael Wiescher","doi":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01542-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01542-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This <i>Eur. Phys. J. A</i> volume <b>58</b> is dedicated to the life and work of Dr. Franz Käppeler from Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT) who died on 20 November 2021, after a short illness. He was one of the leading experimentalists in the field of experimental nuclear astrophysics in Germany and worldwide for decades. Many of the authors of this volume knew Franz personally and many others were directly or indirectly inspired by his work and personality. All references in this introductory article refer to publications in this volume, not necessary to actual work by Dr. Käppeler.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":786,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal A","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01542-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the thermoelectric power factor of AlPbTe2 thin film grown by thermal evaporation route","authors":"M. Yasir Ali,&nbsp;Adnan Ali,&nbsp;Khalid Mehmood,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Ragab,&nbsp;Meznah M. Alanazi,&nbsp;Tagreed Wael Alghamdi,&nbsp;Arslan Ashfaq","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08465-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08465-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the thermoelectric properties of AlPbTe₂ thin films are investigated with a focus on the effects of post-annealing on their structural, electrical, and thermoelectric performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the maximum peak intensity is observed after 1 h of post-annealing, with a subsequent decrease in intensity up to 3 h, while additional peaks become more prominent in the 3-hour sample, indicating enhanced polycrystallinity. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show grain growth and structural changes with post-annealing time, where small grains coalesce into larger grains, followed by crack formation after 3 h of annealing. Electrical conductivity increases from 320 S/cm in the as-grown sample to 545 S/cm in the 3-hour post-annealed sample, although conductivity decreases with increasing measurement temperature from 300 to 450 K, due to phonon scattering. The charge carrier concentration also increases significantly from 1.05 × 10²⁰ cm^− 3 to 2.59 × 10²⁰ cm^− 3 after 3 h of post-annealing, while charge carrier mobility decreases due to carrier-carrier scattering. The Seebeck coefficient is negative, confirming n-type behavior, and increases with temperature across all samples. The 1-hour post-annealed sample shows the highest Seebeck coefficient, peaking at 242 µV/K at 450 K. Finally, the thermoelectric power factor of the 1-hour post-annealed sample reaches a maximum of 24.4 µWcm^− 1K^− 2 at 400 K, highlighting the improved thermoelectric performance at mid-temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of PA6-PVA composite fiber membrane based on coaxial spinning method and wettability study","authors":"Sun Yingting,&nbsp;Shi Yao,&nbsp;Yin Jinghui,&nbsp;Ma Teng,&nbsp;Zhang Yonghu,&nbsp;Xiong Xiaoqin,&nbsp;Zhang Xiaolei,&nbsp;Liu Jianxin","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08471-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08471-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Membrane separation technology is widely employed for the treatment of oily wastewater. Nevertheless, the wettability characteristics of the membrane present a constraint on the rate at which the oil-water mixture can permeate through it. This research presents an innovative methodology involving the fabrication of a double-layer composite fiber membrane via coaxial electrospinning. The process employs polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers to form the composite fiber shell, while nylon fibers (PA6) serve as the inner core. The results indicate that the composite membrane made from PA6-PVA fiber exhibits advantageous hydrophilic properties and superoleophobic characteristics, as evidenced by a contact angle of 60° for water in air and 150° for oil submerged in water. Furthermore, the stable membrane flux of the PA6-PVA composite fiber membrane was found to be approximately double that of the PA6 fiber membrane. This investigation presents a viable technique for integrating PA6 into oil-water separation applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}