物理最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the dark sector through galaxy dynamics in clusters","authors":"Andrea Biviano,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pizzuti,&nbsp;Antonaldo Diaferio","doi":"10.1007/s00159-026-00174-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00159-026-00174-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Galaxy clusters are among the most powerful laboratories to probe fundamental physics, from the formation of cosmic structures to the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and gravity. Realizing their full potential requires accurate and unbiased determinations of their mass profiles, a longstanding challenge in cluster cosmology. In this context, the kinematics of member galaxies in clusters has become a key tool to reconstruct the mass distribution and investigate the dynamical properties of clusters. The advent of large spectroscopic datasets has enabled the application of increasingly sophisticated models and robust techniques, which make kinematic analyses competitive with other probes of cluster dynamics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of cluster kinematics, covering the main methods to infer dynamical masses and mass profiles, their physical assumptions, and the impact of systematics, such as deviation from dynamical equilibrium, triaxiality, and substructures. We discuss the complementarity with other techniques to investigate the structure of clusters and highlight recent applications to tests cosmological models. We focus in particular on the role of kinematical studies in constraining the dark sector (dark matter and dark energy) and in providing novel insights into the behavior of gravity at Mpc scales. Finally, we outline current limitations and future prospects, emphasizing that the combination of improved modeling and forthcoming spectroscopic surveys will establish cluster kinematics as a fundamental probe in the era of precision cosmology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":785,"journal":{"name":"The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00159-026-00174-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new perspective for obtaining analytical solitons of the fractional Kaup–Kupershmidt equation","authors":"Francis Tuffour,&nbsp;Benedict Barnes","doi":"10.1007/s12043-026-03177-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12043-026-03177-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kaup–Kupershmidt equation is used to study nonlinear wave propagation associated with ocean currents, capturing the combined effects of nonlinearity and dispersion. Due to the many solitons exhibited by the fractional Kaup–Kupershmidt (K–K) equation, which represent the many solitary waves observed in ocean currents, plasma physics, and optics, several analytical methods have been developed and consistently applied to study these phenomena. One such method is the homogeneous balance method (HBM), which invariably relies on the embedded Riccati equation. Thus, the workability of the HBM largely depends on the embedded Riccati equation, which by and large determines the number and type of solitons yielded when the HBM is applied to the fractional K–K equation. Undeniably, several Riccati equations appear in the literature, each with unique properties. Therefore, if the HBM is embedded with a particular Riccati equation for solving the fractional K–K equation, the underlying mechanisms of the solitary waves in ocean current, plasma physics and optics are unveiled. The HBM and its modified methods explored only by the researchers have not been exhaustively observed a fractional Riccati equation with a quadratic term as the dependent variable, where coefficient of the second term is one and coefficient of the linear term is zero, <span>(frac{d^{gamma }phi }{dxi ^{gamma }} = p + phi ^2(xi ),)</span> quadratic term as the dependent variable and applied this modified homogeneous balance method (MHBM) to obtain the exact solitons of the fractional K–K equation. Applying the MHBM in solving the fractional K–K equation yielded five solitons: a bright soliton with a flat top, a gray soliton, a dark soliton with a flat bottom, an <i>L</i>-tilted soliton, and a halfway dark soliton. Three of the five solitons, a bright soliton with a flat bottom, a dark soliton with a flat bottom, and an <i>L</i>-tilted soliton, were new solitons that have not been observed in literature. These three new solitons of the fractional K–K equation have been observed in this paper as a result of a new embedded Riccati equation in HBM. The soliton properties, such as the kinetic and potential energies of the gray soliton and <i>L</i>-tilted soliton, are similar, whereas in the bright soliton and in the flat top and dark soliton with flat bottom, the potential and kinetic energies are in opposite directions. Lastly, the kinetic energy of the halfway dark soliton increases exponentially.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":743,"journal":{"name":"Pramana","volume":"100 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband light source using an extended cavity tapered laser with volume Bragg grating","authors":"Jaime Javier Borges Marquez,&nbsp;David Rodríguez Fernández,&nbsp;Marcos Roberto Cardoso,&nbsp;Manuel Alejandro Lefrán Torres,&nbsp;Luis Gustavo Marcassa","doi":"10.1007/s00340-026-08727-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-026-08727-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have developed a broadband light source based on an extended-cavity tapered amplifier, whose frequency is stabilized using a volume Bragg grating (VBG). The setup delivers up to 200 <span>(text {mW})</span> of optical power over the 14640–14670 <span>(text {cm}^{-1})</span> range, with a spectral bandwidth of about 2 <span>(text {cm}^{-1})</span>. We have characterized the source as a function of both the VBG angle and the tapered amplifier drive current, using a home-built virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) spectrometer. To demonstrate its capabilities, we carried out iodine absorption spectroscopy in the 14664.5–14666.5 <span>(text {cm}^{-1})</span> interval. This broadband source is promising for a variety of applications, in particular for cooling the translational, vibrational, and rotational degrees of freedom of diatomic molecules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-026-08727-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moringa Oleifera leaf extract-assisted green synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles: an insight into their physicochemical characteristics and photocatalytic activities","authors":"V. Archana,&nbsp;M. John Abel,&nbsp;N. Senthilkumar,&nbsp;S. Kalainathan","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10261-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10261-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The green, inexpensive, and environmentally beneficial biosynthesis of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles utilizing <i>Moringa Oleifera</i> leaf extract is presented in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-DRS spectroscopy were used to confirm the structural and optical characteristics of Co₃O₄. The Co²⁺ and Co³⁺ migrations on the lattice oxygen were determined by the UV and visible area absorbance of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles, which had a bandgap of 2.01 eV. For 80 °C, Co₃O₄ obtained 1.249 × 10^–5 S cm⁻¹ of AC conductivity. The VSM analysis gives a saturation magnetization of 0.38008 emu/g, and 574.69 × 10‾⁶ emu/g for retentivity. Under visible light illumination, the Co₃O₄ nanoparticles degraded the organic dye compounds rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB). For MB and RhB, the degradation efficiency reached 88% and 79%, respectively, in 100 min. demonstrating the superior photocatalytic activity of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. To determine the predominant reactive species involved in the photodegradation of dyes, a radical scavenging experiment was carried out. To support the synthesized Co₃O₄ nanoparticles' stability, a recycling experiment was conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic analysis of Na2Ni2TeO6 and Na2(Ni2−xGax)TeO6 (x = 0 to 0.25) honeycomb compounds","authors":"Felicia S. Manciu,&nbsp;Sudhir Bhattarai,&nbsp;Lovia Ofori,&nbsp;Sujit Adhikari,&nbsp;Julian Ramirez Ocanas,&nbsp;Harikrishnan S. Nair","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10299-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10299-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern technology demands the continuous development of cost-effective functional devices based on low-dimensional quantum materials. Although theoretical predictions provide the best estimates of stacking order and stoichiometric composition, experimentally controlling superstructure fabrication and understanding the resulting complex outcomes remain challenges that ultimately affect device yield and performance. This work presents experimental spectroscopic investigations of Na₂Ni₂TeO₆ and of Na₂(Ni_2−xGa_x)TeO₆ for x ranging from 0 to 0.25 as new cathode materials for all-solid-state sodium batteries. Such analysis is scarce in the literature for sodium nickel tellurite oxides. The proposed gallium incorporation has been predicted to enhance sodium electrical conductivity in the parent honeycomb compound. Complementary structural evaluations by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis validate the phase purity and stoichiometry of the compounds, and confirm a slight expansion of the unit cell when gallium substitutes for nickel. The spectroscopic Raman and infrared (IR) absorption results, in addition to showing the dominance of vibrational lines from tellurium and nickel oxides, reveal detailed structural changes with gallium incorporation at nickel sites, as well as in the frameworks of these ordered growth sequences. The absence of magnon vibration in the IR spectra indicates that incorporating non-magnetic gallium modifies the short-range magnetic properties of Na₂Ni₂TeO₆. Furthermore, high gallium amounts exceeding x = 0.20 induce the formation of the compound oxyhydroxide and oxide polymorphs. This spectroscopic analysis enables faster, easier, and more accurate identification of size-dependent structural modifications at the molecular level, providing insightful information for future device development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-026-10299-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced TiO₂ photocatalytic performance using Cu/Zn alloy nanoparticles modification by pulsed laser ablation","authors":"Nafaul Mubarokah,&nbsp;Ali Khumaeni,&nbsp;Iis Nurhasanah,&nbsp;Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli,&nbsp;Suresh Sagadevan","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10337-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10337-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports the synthesis of CuZn-modified TiO₂ nanoparticles via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) and evaluates their enhanced photocatalytic performance for organic dye degradation. TiO₂ nanoparticles were first synthesized by deionized water, followed by sequential laser ablation of a CuZn alloy target for 3, 6, or 9 min to modify the TiO₂ colloids. Structural characterization suggested that the synthesized nanoparticles possessed a predominantly disordered or poorly crystalline structure, while transmission electron microscopy revealed predominantly spherical particles with an average diameter of approximately 11 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a gradual red shift in the absorption edge accompanied by a reduction in the optical bandgap from 3.90 eV for pristine TiO₂ to 3.36 eV for the CuZn-modified TiO₂ sample prepared with a 9 min CuZn ablation time. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated using methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB) as model organic pollutants. Compared with pristine TiO₂, the CuZn-modified TiO₂ nanoparticle exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance, with the sample prepared using a 9 min CuZn ablation time achieving approximately 93%, 90%, and 100% degradation efficiencies for MB, MO, and RhB, respectively, within 180 min of UV irradiation. These findings demonstrate that sequential PLAL using CuZn alloy target provides a simple, surfactant-free approach for modifying TiO₂ nanoparticles and improving their photocatalytic performance for dye degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AgNPs-dispersed MoS₂/GNF nanohybrid modified GCE for simultaneous electrochemical detection of theophylline and caffeine in beverages","authors":"J. Kalaiyarasi,&nbsp;G. Kaladevi,&nbsp;S. Meenakshi,&nbsp;K. Pandian,&nbsp;Subash C.B. Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10254-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10254-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional (2D) sheet-like metal chalcogenides represent a prominent class of nanomaterials for optoelectronic and electrochemical sensing applications, due to their high surface area and unique layered structure. This study successfully produced and thoroughly examined a distinctive AgNPs-decorated MoS₂/graphene nanoflake (AgNPs@MoS₂/GNF) nanohybrid using several analytical methods. The produced nanocomposite was subsequently employed for the voltammetric determination of theophylline (THEO) and caffeine (CAF) in food and beverage samples. The structural proximity of THEO and CAF hinders their concurrent electrochemical analysis due to their roughly overlapping oxidation potentials. The AgNPs@MoS₂/GNF-modified GCE was employed to overcome this limitation, yielding clearly defined oxidation signals with enhanced peak separation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses revealed distinct oxidation peaks at around + 0.96 V for THEO and + 1.33 V for CAF (vs. Ag/AgCl) in PBS (pH 7.0). Under experimental conditions, the sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance for the simultaneous determination of THEO and CAF, with detection limits of 27 nM and 33 nM, respectively (S/<i>N</i> = 3). Linear dynamic ranges were established as 0.6 µM to 3.1 mM and 0.6 µM to 3.4 mM for THEO and CAF. The proposed sensing system demonstrates high sensitivity, notable selectivity, and reliable performance, indicating its potential application for the simultaneous detection of THEO and CAF in real samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative evidence framework for silver-doped mesoporous bioactive glasses: network connectivity, mesoporosity, and release behavior","authors":"Dunia K. Mahdi,&nbsp;Hesham M. H. Zakaly,&nbsp;Hind J. Jawad","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10265-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10265-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silver-doped mesoporous bioactive glasses (Ag-MBGs) combine the regenerative potential of bioactive glasses with the antibacterial activity of silver, yet their performance cannot be predicted reliably from nominal Ag₂O loading alone. This critical quantitative evidence synthesis examines how glass network connectivity, accessible mesoporosity, silver state, processing history, and release conditions collectively influence silver release and in vitro biological performance. Quantitative relationships extracted from the literature were reassessed at the publication level to avoid treating multiple compositions or experimental conditions from the same study as independent evidence. Publication-grouped internal validation of the available 7-day silver-release data showed only modest predictive performance (best R² ≈ 0.14; RMSE ≈ 4.15 ppm), indicating substantial between-study heterogeneity and arguing against a universal release equation based solely on nominal composition. Across the evaluated evidence, relatively low silver additions, commonly around 1–2 mol% Ag₂O, repeatedly emerged as a practical starting region in which antibacterial activity may be achieved while retaining cytocompatibility, apatite-forming ability, and accessible mesoporosity. This interval should not be interpreted as a universal optimum because its boundaries shift with glass composition, synthesis route, silver speciation, and exposure conditions. The resulting framework therefore replaces single-parameter optimization with a constraint-based design strategy linking composition, structure, release, and biological response. Prospective validation using independently generated, compositionally controlled datasets is required before the framework can be used for predictive materials screening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Half-unit-cell-thick ZnIn2S4 nanosheets with sulfur vacancies for sacrificial-agent-free photocatalytic H2O2 production via dual-channel pathway","authors":"Jianyong Yue,&nbsp;Yindi Yu,&nbsp;Yutong Chen,&nbsp;Rong Wu,&nbsp;Shunhang Wei","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10349-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10349-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>H₂O₂ is a valuable environmentally friendly oxidant. To develop efficient photocatalysts, half-unit-cell-thick ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheets with S vacancies (denoted as Vs-ZnIn₂S₄) were successfully constructed via a hydrothermal method combined with calcination. The half-unit-cell thickness significantly shortens the transport distance of photogenerated charge carriers from the bulk to the surface, thereby effectively suppressing charge carrier recombination. Meanwhile, the S vacancies act as electron traps to capture photogenerated electrons, promoting charge carrier separation and substantially prolonging their lifetimes. Notably, the synergistic effect of sulfur vacancies and the half-unit-cell thickness can reduce the bandgap of Vs-ZnIn₂S₄ while avoiding a decrease in the valence band potential, which enables ZnIn₂S₄ to generate abundant photogenerated holes with strong oxidizing capability under light irradiation. Furthermore, the abundant hydroxyl groups on the Vs-ZnIn₂S₄ surface enhance its hydrophilicity, promoting the adsorption and activation of H₂O molecules. These two factors provide abundant photogenerated holes and H₂O reactants for the oxidation of H₂O to H₂O₂, thereby activating the water oxidation reaction (WOR) pathway. Consequently, the optimized Vs-ZnIn₂S₄ produces H₂O₂ primarily through an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)-dominated, WOR-assisted dual-channel pathway, achieving a H₂O₂ yield of 24.47 µmol/h, which is approximately 8.8 times that of pristine ZnIn₂S₄. This work offers a promising strategy for designing high-performance ZnIn₂S₄-based photocatalysts through the synergistic engineering of half-unit-cell structure and S vacancies for efficient H₂O₂ production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic optimization and characterization of palladium nanoparticles synthesized using Ophiopogon planiscapus leaf extract: Prospects for advanced material integration","authors":"Naveen Kishore Raj A,&nbsp;Robin A. L.,&nbsp;Trinity Rabecca H. J.,&nbsp;Armstrong Arasu M. M.","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10334-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10334-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical approaches, offering environmentally benign reaction conditions and the utilisation of renewable biological resources. In the present study, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were synthesised using <i>Ophiopogon planiscapus</i> leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilising agent. The synthesis parameters were systematically optimised by varying the palladium precursor-to-plant extract ratio, precursor concentration, pH, temperature, and reaction time. The optimum synthesis conditions were identified as a palladium precursor-to-plant extract ratio of 9:1, a PdCl₂ concentration of 5 mM, pH 7, a temperature of 29 °C, and a reaction time of 24 h. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of PdNPs. LC–MS/MS analysis performed in both positive and negative electrospray ionisation (ESI) modes revealed a chemically diverse phytochemical profile. The major metabolites, putatively identified by MS/MS library matching based on average peak intensity, included terpenoids, flavonoids, fatty acid derivatives, peptides, amino acid derivatives, and other secondary metabolites, indicating the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents capable of mediating the reduction and stabilisation of PdNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the involvement of plant-derived functional groups in the reduction and stabilisation of PdNPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline face-centred cubic palladium with an average crystallite size of 7.28 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated the nanoscale morphology of the synthesised particles, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed their elemental composition, with palladium accounting for 95.64 wt% (75.48 at%). Zeta potential analysis yielded a value of − 48.7 mV, indicating excellent colloidal stability resulting from effective phytochemical capping. The comprehensive spectroscopic and physicochemical characterisation confirmed the successful green synthesis of stable PdNPs and provided valuable insight into the role of plant-derived phytoconstituents in nanoparticle formation. The favourable crystallinity, colloidal stability, and surface characteristics of the synthesised PdNPs demonstrate their potential for integration into advanced functional materials and emerging nanotechnology-based applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}