世界病毒学杂志(英文版) Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109614

Muneeb Saifullah, Mavra Khan, Muhammad Ashhad Usman, Qasim Mehmood, Abbas M Mehdi

{"title":"OraQuick hepatitis C virus self-test: A new frontier in hepatitis C screening.","authors":"Muneeb Saifullah, Mavra Khan, Muhammad Ashhad Usman, Qasim Mehmood, Abbas M Mehdi","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109614","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.109614","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 58 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), yet only about 20% have been formally diagnosed. Traditional laboratory-based antibody and RNA assays require infrastructure and trained personnel, limiting their uptake in resource-limited and hard-to-reach settings. The OraQuick HCV self-test (HCVST) is the first World Health Organization-prequalified HCVST, which delivers results in 20-40 min via an easy-to-use gum-swab format. Field evaluations report a sensitivity of about 97%-98% and a specificity of about 99%-100% that are comparable with those of blood-based lateral-flow assays (e.g., Alere Truline, SD Bioline). Usability studies demonstrated an acceptability rate of over 90% and a correct self-test completion rate of over 85% in key populations. HCVST with the OraQuick HCVST kit provides a practical, evidence-based approach to closing diagnostic gaps, particularly among underserved or stigmatized populations. To maximize the public health impact, programs should integrate self-testing into national screening algorithms, ensure linkage to RNA confirmation and treatment, and consider economic and operational contexts.","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 3","pages":"109614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers. 可调谐拉曼孤子和4 μm以上色散波在厘米长氟碲光纤中的产生。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z

Juan Wang,Shunbin Wang,Xiabing Zhou,Mo Liu,Hao Wu,Yu Yin,Zhipeng Qin,Guoqiang Xie,Zhenrui Li,Pengfei Wang,Yichun Liu

{"title":"Generation of tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave beyond 4 μm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers.","authors":"Juan Wang,Shunbin Wang,Xiabing Zhou,Mo Liu,Hao Wu,Yu Yin,Zhipeng Qin,Guoqiang Xie,Zhenrui Li,Pengfei Wang,Yichun Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02045-z","url":null,"abstract":"3-5-μm mid-infrared (MIR) ultrafast laser sources have garnered significant attention due to their critical applications in spectroscopy, environmental monitoring, and imaging. However, 4-5-μm compact fiber laser sources remain a significant technological challenge due to the lack of MIR fibers with good chemical stability, thermal stability, high nonlinearity, and low loss. Here, we develop fluorotellurite fibers based on 60TeO2-20BaF2-10AlF3-10Y2O3 (TBAY) glasses with a wide transmission window, demonstrating tunable Raman soliton and dispersive wave (DW) generation beyond 4 µm in centimeter-length fluorotellurite fibers pumped by a 3.54 μm femtosecond laser source. Fluorotellurite fibers with a loss of 0.39 dB/m were fabricated using a rod-in-tube method. The high numerical aperture (NA ~ 1.1@3.5 μm) of TBAY fibers allows the zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) to be tuned over a wide range by varying the core diameter of the fibers. The dispersion-engineered TBAY fibers with a core diameter of 6.5 μm enabled 4584 nm Raman soliton generation, while fibers with a core diameter of 3 μm enabled 4177 nm DW generation. We conducted detailed experiments to investigate the influence of pump power and fiber length on SSFS and dispersive wave dynamics. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation corroborate the experimental results. Our results show that TBAY fibers are promising nonlinear media for constructing compact ultrafast laser sources in the 4-5 μm wavelength range.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":"340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coupled non-Hermitian skin effect with exceptional points. 耦合非厄米皮肤效应与特殊点。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02006-6

Guo-Huai Wang,Ran Tao,Zhen-Nan Tian,Qi-Dai Chen,Xu-Lin Zhang

{"title":"Coupled non-Hermitian skin effect with exceptional points.","authors":"Guo-Huai Wang,Ran Tao,Zhen-Nan Tian,Qi-Dai Chen,Xu-Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02006-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02006-6","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hermitian systems exhibit two unique hallmarks: exceptional points (EPs) and non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). The EP arises from the interplay of multiple energy levels, marked by degeneracy in eigenvalue spectra, while the NHSE is associated with the localization feature of eigenfunctions. Due to their different origins and consequences, the interplay between the two hallmarks has drawn considerable interest. Here, we propose the concept of coupled NHSE, i.e., two non-Hermitian systems with independent NHSE are coupled together. We find that by introducing non-Hermitian losses with special symmetry, multiple pairs of EPs can appear, greatly compressing the eigenvalue spectrum and accelerating the breakdown of the coupled NHSE. In contrast, the attenuation of coupled NHSE is significantly alleviated in systems without EPs. In this sense, the EP can act as a degree of freedom to tune the NHSE and govern the non-Hermitian dynamics. The proposed concept is experimentally realized in photonic lattices with artificial gauge fields, which will bridge these two significant concepts and open avenues for non-Hermitian applications simultaneously associated with them.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"59 1","pages":"339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays. 显示技术的未来趋势：微型led向透明、自由形状和近眼显示方向发展。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1

Tae Soo Kim,Jung-El Ryu,Jinhong Park,Rih-Jia Liu,Joonghoon Choi,Jeehwan Kim,Young Joon Hong,Dong-Hwan Kim,Jiho Shin

{"title":"Future trends of display technology: micro-LEDs toward transparent, free-form, and near-eye displays.","authors":"Tae Soo Kim,Jung-El Ryu,Jinhong Park,Rih-Jia Liu,Joonghoon Choi,Jeehwan Kim,Young Joon Hong,Dong-Hwan Kim,Jiho Shin","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02027-1","url":null,"abstract":"Displays are one of the most indispensable electronic devices used in our daily lives. Over the past decades, display technology has evolved relentlessly, driven by innovation in materials, structures, and manufacturing processes that have enabled higher image quality, larger screen size, slimmer form factor, and novel functionalities. The display market is currently dominated by liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, but significant investment and research efforts are being directed toward emerging self-emissive display technologies, such as micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs), as well as unconventional applications such as transparent, deformable, and near-eye displays. This review article begins with a historical background of self-emissive display technology and an overview of the recent advances in organic-, quantum dot-, perovskite-, and micro-LED displays. We then critically review the current state of micro-LED technology, including its size-dependent performance issues, different types of mass transfer technologies, backplane interconnection techniques, methods for detection/repair of defective pixels, and emerging display applications, including transparent, deformable, and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) displays.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"75 1","pages":"335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient deep-blue LEDs based on colloidal CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets meeting the Rec.2020 standard. 基于胶体CsPbBr3纳米薄片的高效深蓝led符合Rec.2020标准。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02019-1

Yusheng Song,Sheng Cao,Yijie Wang,Mingyan Chen,Yu Zhang,Qiuyan Li,Shulin Han,Yi Liang,Lei Cai,Jialong Zhao,Bingsuo Zou

{"title":"Efficient deep-blue LEDs based on colloidal CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets meeting the Rec.2020 standard.","authors":"Yusheng Song,Sheng Cao,Yijie Wang,Mingyan Chen,Yu Zhang,Qiuyan Li,Shulin Han,Yi Liang,Lei Cai,Jialong Zhao,Bingsuo Zou","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02019-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02019-1","url":null,"abstract":"Colloidally quantum-confined CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit narrow emission linewidths and thickness-tunable photoluminescence, making them ideal candidates for deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the weak surface coordination of conventional long-chain ligands (e.g., oleylamine and oleic acid) leads to face-to-face stacking of the NPLs, resulting in undesirable emission redshifts in their PeLEDs. Herein, we report an efficient deep-blue PeLED based on colloidal CsPbBr3 NPLs that meet the Rec.2020 color standard, enabled by an acid-assisted ligand passivation strategy. Surface chemical analysis reveals that hydrobromic acid facilitates proton-assisted stripping of the long-chain ligands, followed by the formation of stable Pb-S-P coordination bonds with thio-tributylphosphine, which exhibits a high adsorption energy (Eads = -1.13 eV). This approach significantly improves surface defect passivation, yielding a photoluminescence quantum yield of 96% and a narrow 13 nm full-width-at-half-maximum deep-blue emission. Enhanced exciton recombination and reduced defect state density are evidenced by a prolonged photoluminescence lifetime and slower absorption bleach recovery kinetics. The resulting PeLEDs achieve record-breaking performance among CsPbBr3 NPL-based systems, with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.81% at 461 nm, a peak luminance of 143 cd m-2, and the CIE color coordinates (CIE-y = 0.046) that comply with Rec.2020 standards. This work presents an effective strategy for developing efficient and stable deep-blue perovskite emitters, demonstrating significant potential for the commercialization of perovskite nanomaterials in next-generation ultra-high-definition displays.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Second and third harmonic generation in topological insulator-based van der Waals metamaterials. 拓扑绝缘子基范德华超材料中二次和三次谐波的产生。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01847-5

Alessandra Di Gaspare,Sara Ghayeb Zamharir,Craig Knox,Ahmet Yagmur,Satoshi Sasaki,Mohammed Salih,Lianhe Li,Edmund H Linfield,Joshua Freeman,Miriam S Vitiello

{"title":"Second and third harmonic generation in topological insulator-based van der Waals metamaterials.","authors":"Alessandra Di Gaspare,Sara Ghayeb Zamharir,Craig Knox,Ahmet Yagmur,Satoshi Sasaki,Mohammed Salih,Lianhe Li,Edmund H Linfield,Joshua Freeman,Miriam S Vitiello","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01847-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01847-5","url":null,"abstract":"High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids-the frequency up-conversion of an optical signal-is governed by symmetries. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, HHG is a key technology to access high-frequency spectral windows that are usually difficult to cover using conventional solid-state laser technologies. This effect has been recently exploited in graphene, where HHG has been demonstrated, albeit only at odd multiples of the driving frequency owing to its inherent centro-symmetry. In topological insulators (TIs), the combination of spin-orbit interaction and time-reversal symmetry create an insulating bulk state with an inverted band order, inseparably connected with conducting surface states. TIs have been predicted to support unconventional high harmonic generation from the bulk and topological surface, which are usually difficult to distinguish. However, no experimental results have been reported, so far. Here, we exploit the strong optical field amplification provided by an array of single or double split ring resonators, with embedded Bi2Se3 or (InxBi(1-x))2Se3/Bi2Se3 Van der Waals heterostructures, to achieve up-conversion in the 6.4 (even)-9.7 (odd) THz frequency range. This results from bulk centro-symmetry (odd states) and symmetry breaking in the topological surface states (odd and even).","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-depth switching by triple wavefront modulation of quarter-waveplate geometric phase lenses for vergence-accommodation-matching extended reality. 四分之一波片几何相位透镜的三波前调制多深度切换，用于收敛调节匹配扩展现实。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02026-2

Jung-Yeop Shin,Jae-Won Lee,Hafiz Saad Khaliq,Erkhembaatar Dashdavaa,Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat,Min-Seok Kim,Jin-Hyeok Seo,Young-Min Cho,Hak-Rin Kim

{"title":"Multi-depth switching by triple wavefront modulation of quarter-waveplate geometric phase lenses for vergence-accommodation-matching extended reality.","authors":"Jung-Yeop Shin,Jae-Won Lee,Hafiz Saad Khaliq,Erkhembaatar Dashdavaa,Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat,Min-Seok Kim,Jin-Hyeok Seo,Young-Min Cho,Hak-Rin Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02026-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02026-2","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel approach to resolving the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) in extended reality (XR) optics by introducing a quarter-waveplate (QWP) geometric phase lens (GPL) capable of triple wavefront modulation-focusing, defocusing, and non-modulating at infinity. This polarization-driven behavior is interpreted using contour trajectories on the Poincaré sphere and compared against conventional half-waveplate (HWP) GPLs. Leveraging this property, we propose a bi-stacked QWP GPL module that enables nine distinct varifocal states through polarization-controlled input selection and output filtering. In contrast, HWP-based modules under equivalent stacking conditions are limited to four focal states. The QWP GPL module supports a compact varifocal system spanning a continuous depth range from 24.27 cm to infinity, with a 0.3-diopter interval aligned with the human visual comfort zone. Importantly, the number of representable focal depths scales as 3n for n stacked layers, offering a (1.5)n-fold improvement over the 2n scaling of HWP systems. This enables finer depth transitions using fewer lens units while retaining both compactness and optical modularity, establishing a depth-switchable imaging platform that enhances visual comfort and depth fidelity in next-generation XR display systems.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"56 1","pages":"333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Light People | Prof. Wei Lu spoke about infrared physics. 吕伟教授讲了红外物理学。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02012-8

Chenzi Guo,Peng Wang

引用次数: 0

Shining brightly into the future with Light: Science & Applications. 用光照亮未来：科学与应用。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01938-3

Xi-Cheng Zhang,Yun-Feng Xiao

引用次数: 0

Dynamic holographic display with addressable on-chip metasurface network based on lithium niobate photonics. 基于铌酸锂光子学的可寻址片上超表面网络动态全息显示。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-02014-6

Jitao Ji,Zhilin Ye,Zhizhang Wang,Jiacheng Sun,Xueyun Li,Jian Li,Junyi Wang,Bin Fang,Zihan Gao,Shanshan Hu,Shining Zhu,Tao Li

{"title":"Dynamic holographic display with addressable on-chip metasurface network based on lithium niobate photonics.","authors":"Jitao Ji,Zhilin Ye,Zhizhang Wang,Jiacheng Sun,Xueyun Li,Jian Li,Junyi Wang,Bin Fang,Zihan Gao,Shanshan Hu,Shining Zhu,Tao Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-02014-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-02014-6","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip metasurfaces have been exploited to manipulate guided waves into free space with desired wavefronts and bridge the gap between guided modes and free-space optical fields. However, existing on-chip metasurfaces for guided wave radiation typically lack dynamic tunability and high-capacity multiplexing for their practical applications. Here, we present a dynamic waveguide-based holographic display enabled by on-chip metasurface network on lithium niobate on insulator platform. Based on geometric phase and detour phase, an on-chip multiplexed metasurface network implemented on a 2 × 2 waveguide crossing array is incorporated with a two-stage lithium niobate (LN) switch to construct an addressable framework. Benefiting from the multiplexing capability of on-chip metasurface and the fast electro-optical response of LN modulators, guided wave radiation in the form of eight holographic images is tunable and addressable at high speeds. This work exemplifies a scalable approach for dynamic manipulation of guided signals and paves the way towards holographic displays, high-capacity optical communications and integrated photonic information processing.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"100 1","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145083315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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