Samia , Muhammad Hasnain Jameel , Musfira Arain , Iftikhar Hussain , Muhammad Bilal Hanif , Shalu Atri , Mohd Zul Hilmi Mayzan , Haitao Dai
{"title":"A review on catalyst convergence: Unleashing the potential of MXenes for CO2 electrochemical reduction into high-value liquid product","authors":"Samia , Muhammad Hasnain Jameel , Musfira Arain , Iftikhar Hussain , Muhammad Bilal Hanif , Shalu Atri , Mohd Zul Hilmi Mayzan , Haitao Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrochemical reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>-ERR) holds tremendous potential as a key approach for achieving carbon neutrality by harnessing renewable resources.</div><div>However, the current state of CO<sub>2</sub>-ERR encounters challenges in terms of efficiency and selectivity. Overcoming these obstacles requires the development of a robust electrocatalyst capable of enhancing process efficiency and improving selectivity towards desired products. In recent years, 2D materials have garnered significant attention as efficient catalysts. Among them, MXene stands out of high interest due to unique multilayered structure and presence of surface functional moieties. The MXene material offers high electrical conductivity, versatile surface chemistry, and tunable interface designs. This comprehensive review explores the utilization of MXene-based catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub>-ERR into valuable products. It covers fundamental aspects of electrochemical conversion, including CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption on MXene Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>, the mechanism of CO<sub>2</sub>-ERR on MXene (Mo<sub>2</sub>CS<sub>2</sub>) single-atom catalysts, applications, synthesis methods of MXene production, and future prospects. Additionally, the review highlights the significance of modern artificial intelligence techniques, particularly machine learning, in screening and activating CO<sub>2</sub>, making it a pioneering scientific endeavor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 444-481"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanrong Liang , Jianing Tan , Yu Chen , Yuhang Ma , Xinyi Guan , Yichao Zou , Yuqiao Zhou , Zhaoqiang Zheng , Wenjing Huang , Chun Du , Gang Ouyang , Jiandong Yao , Guowei Yang
{"title":"Crystal orientation engineering toward high-performance photodetectors and their multifunctional optoelectronic applications","authors":"Huanrong Liang , Jianing Tan , Yu Chen , Yuhang Ma , Xinyi Guan , Yichao Zou , Yuqiao Zhou , Zhaoqiang Zheng , Wenjing Huang , Chun Du , Gang Ouyang , Jiandong Yao , Guowei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulsed-laser deposition has been developed to prepare large-area In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanofilms and their photoelectric characteristics have been investigated. The In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanofilm grown under 500 °C is highly oriented along the (103) direction with exceptional crystallinity. The corresponding (103)-oriented In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> photodetectors exhibit broadband photoresponse from 370.6 nm to 1 064 nm. Under 635 nm illumination, the optimized responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity reach 19.8 A/W, 3 869%, and 2.59 × 10<sup>12</sup> Jones, respectively. In addition, the device exhibits short rise/decay time of 3.9/3.0 ms. Of note, first-principles calculations have unveiled that the effective carrier mass along the (103) lattice plane is much smaller than those along the (100), (110) and (111) lattice planes, which thereby enables high-efficiency transport of photocarriers and thereby the excellent photosensitivity. Profited from the sizable bandgap, the In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> photodetectors also showcase strong robustness against elevated operating temperature. In the end, proof-of-concept imaging application beyond human vision and under high operating temperature as well as heart rate monitoring have been achieved by using the In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> device of the sensing component. This study introduces a novel crystal orientation engineering paradigm for the implementation of next-generation advanced optoelectronic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 522-532"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weikang Zhao , Biemin Sun , Yu Song , Yuan Cao , Yichen Liu , Dandan Zhou , Qiang Zhou , Feng Xie , Wei Huang , Xiaoxiao Li , Yuling Li , Yanqin Xu , Yiyang Wang
{"title":"Nanohydroxyapatite and liposomes-coated integral bilayer scaffold for osteochondral repair via mimicking the dual differentiation microenvironment of BMSCs","authors":"Weikang Zhao , Biemin Sun , Yu Song , Yuan Cao , Yichen Liu , Dandan Zhou , Qiang Zhou , Feng Xie , Wei Huang , Xiaoxiao Li , Yuling Li , Yanqin Xu , Yiyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteochondral defects pose an enormous challenge, and no satisfactory therapy is available to date due to the hierarchy of the native tissue consisting of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Constructing a scaffold with biological function and biomimetic structure is the key to achieving a high-quality repair effect. Herein, a natural polymer-based bilayer scaffold with a porous architecture similar to that of osteochondral tissue is designed, involving the transforming growth factor-beta3-liposome-loaded upper layer for superficial cartilage regeneration and the nanohydroxyapatite-coated lower layer for subchondral bone rehabilitation. This research is conducted to evaluate the effects of nanoparticle-modified bilayer scaffold to mimic the hierarchical pro-chondrogenic and pro-osteogenic microenvironment for the recruited endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The fabricated composites were evaluated for mechanical, physicochemical, biological properties, in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration potential. Overall, the current bilayer scaffold could regenerate a cartilage-bone integrated tissue with a seamless interfacial integration and exhibited superior tissue repair outcomes compared to other single layer scaffolds based on morphological, radiological and histological evaluation, verifying that this novel graft could be an effective approach to tissue-engineered analogs of cartilage-subchondral bone and offer new therapeutic opportunities for osteochondral defect-associated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 539-554"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuoren Wan, Yuan Chen, Xiuxiu Zhang, Ming Yan, Heping Zeng
{"title":"Quantum correlation-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy","authors":"Zhuoren Wan, Yuan Chen, Xiuxiu Zhang, Ming Yan, Heping Zeng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01891-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01891-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) is a powerful technique for spectroscopic sensing, offering exceptional spectral bandwidth, resolution, precision, and speed. However, its performance is fundamentally limited by quantum noise inherent to coherent-state optical combs. Here, we overcome this barrier by introducing quantum correlation-enhanced DCS using correlated twin combs generated via seeded four-wave mixing. One comb acts as a local oscillator to decode molecular signals, while the twin suppresses shot noise through intensity-difference squeezing, achieving a 2 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement beyond the shot-noise limit—equivalent to a 2.6× measurement speed enhancement. Notably, when coupled with up-conversion spectroscopy, our technique records comb-line-resolved, high-resolution (7.5 pm) spectra in the critical 3 μm region for molecular fingerprinting. These results bridge quantum optics and frequency comb spectroscopy, offering great potential for trace gas detection, precision metrology, and chemical analysis. Future developments in detector efficiency and nanophotonic integration could further enhance its scalability and impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohan Li , Quan Zhou , Mingmei Cao , Zheng Zhou , Xiaoying Liu
{"title":"High-temperature solid lubrication applications of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) MX2: A review","authors":"Mohan Li , Quan Zhou , Mingmei Cao , Zheng Zhou , Xiaoying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of science and technology, along with an increasing global focus on space exploration, there is a growing concern for addressing friction and wear issues in surface coatings for components operating in high-temperature environments within the aerospace sector. However, typical high-temperature coatings currently face challenges in effectively integrating excellent oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and lubrication properties in high-temperature settings. Studies have demonstrated the significant potential of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as lubricant additives in high-temperature lubrication, attributable to their distinctive crystal structures. Thus, this review concentrates on the compositional design of individual MX<sub>2</sub>-type (M = W, Mo, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se) TMDCs (molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), tungsten disulfide (WS<sub>2</sub>), niobium diselenide (NbSe<sub>2</sub>), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe<sub>2</sub>), tungsten diselenide (WSe<sub>2</sub>)) and their composites, including inorganic oxygen-containing sulfides, and explores the utilization of TMDCs in self-lubricating coatings. Furthermore, conventional preparation methods (mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase ultrasonic exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition) for synthesizing TMDCs are outlined. Finally, an analysis of the lubrication mechanism of MX<sub>2</sub>-type TMDCs is provided, along with future directions for enhancing the high-temperature lubrication performance of composite coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 409-423"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141229746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perovskite materials for highly efficient Photo(electro)catalytic water splitting: A mini-review","authors":"Shuoren Li , Hao Wu , Chang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable and clean hydrogen development has been considered a mainstream trend in contemporary energy research. Heterogenous photo(electro)catalysis is a promising approach to producing hydrogen in an environmentally friendly manner. Perovskites have emerged as an inexpensive, earth-abundant, and easily fabricated semiconductor material for photo(electro)catalysis. However, some of their shortcomings have limited the wide range of applications. In this mini-review, we present the fundamentals and applications of various perovskites for photo(electro)catalytic water splitting. In addition, we summarize advanced strategies for photo(electro)catalytic water splitting based on perovskites, focusing on the following approaches: intrinsic modulation of perovskites, functionalization of perovskites, and design of perovskite tandem systems. In summary, we point out the challenges and potential applications for perovskite solar water splitting and systematically describe various strategies to improve the photo(electro)catalysis performance of perovskites, illustrating the potential of using perovskites as key materials for solar water splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 424-443"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duoyin Chen, Xuanyu Ge, Laihui Luo, Weiping Li, Peng Du
{"title":"Designing dual-functional lighting via Eu3+-activated MF2 (M2+ = Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+) red-emitting nanoparticles","authors":"Duoyin Chen, Xuanyu Ge, Laihui Luo, Weiping Li, Peng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing high efficient and stable red-emitting phosphors is very important in the areas of white lighting-emitting diode (white-LED) and plant growth. Herein, series of Eu<sup>3+</sup>-activated MF<sub>2</sub> (M<sup>2+</sup> = Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>) red-emitting nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized at room temperature. Excited at 394 nm, these resulting NPs can emit dazzling red emissions and their fluorescence intensities are sensitive to both dopant content and host compound. Moreover, it is found that the studied samples have admirable thermal stability, high quantum efficiencies and color purities, which can be regulated via changing host material. To assess the possible application of final products, three different white-LEDs were packaged by using Eu<sup>3+</sup>-activated MF<sub>2</sub> (M<sup>2+</sup> = Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>) red-emitting NPs. Clearly, these manufactured white-LEDs can produce glaring warm white with satisfied electroluminescence behaviors, <em>i.e</em>. low correlated color temperature (<5000 K) and high color rendering index (>80). Furthermore, via using the designed NPs, three red-emitting LEDs were also fabricated so as to identify their applications in plant growth. Our findings imply that Eu<sup>3+</sup>-activated MF<sub>2</sub> (M<sup>2+</sup> = Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, Ba<sup>2+</sup>) NPs are well-suited for dual-functional lighting as red-emitting converters in the realms of white-LED and artificial plant growth LED.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 511-521"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xufeng Zhang , Kaiqing Zhao , Zongshuai He , Jiahao Yan , Yuchao Li , Tianli Wu , Yao Zhang
{"title":"Creating color patterns using optical manipulation and scattering of silicon nanoparticles","authors":"Xufeng Zhang , Kaiqing Zhao , Zongshuai He , Jiahao Yan , Yuchao Li , Tianli Wu , Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of color patterns has been widely employed in encryption and displays. Printing-based nanostructures are gaining traction in color displays, showcasing remarkable resolution but facing limitations in reconfigurability. Here, we demonstrate a flexible scanning process using optical tweezers to trap silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) for converting their trajectories into vibrant dynamic color patterns. In this process, the optical potential well stably captures a single SiNP while moving in three-dimensional space at a speed of about 1000 μm/s, leading to the display of dynamic color patterns due to persistence of vision (POV). Leveraging the tunable ability provided by Mie resonances within the visible band, the scattering color can be altered simply by adjusting the number of trapped SiNPs, thereby enabling the creation of tunable high-saturation color patterns. This strategy is further explored for flexible design of composite images with potential applications in anti-counterfeiting and dynamic display.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 533-538"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenjia Peng , Zhe Li , Yu Jiao , Ning Zhang , Qi Zhang , Binbin Zhou , Liyin Gao , Xianzhu Fu , Zhiquan Liu , Rong Sun
{"title":"Manipulating adsorbate configurations in copper electroplated low aspect-ratio via fill in redistribution layers","authors":"Zhenjia Peng , Zhe Li , Yu Jiao , Ning Zhang , Qi Zhang , Binbin Zhou , Liyin Gao , Xianzhu Fu , Zhiquan Liu , Rong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper metal is widely electroplated for microelectronic interconnections such as redistribution layers (RDL), pillar bumps, through silicon vias, etc. With advances of multilayered RDL, via-on-via structures have been developed for ultrahigh-density any-layer interconnection, which expects superconformal filling of interlayer low aspect-ratio vias jointly with coplanar lines and pads. However, it poses a great challenge to electrodeposition, because current via fill mechanisms are stemming from middle to high aspect-ratio (>0.8) vias and lacking applicability in low aspect-ratio (<0.3) RDL-vias, where via geometry related electric-flow fields coupling must be reconsidered. In the present work, a four-additive strategy has been developed for RDL-vias fill and thoroughly investigated from additive electrochemistry, <em>in situ</em> Raman spectroelectrochemistry, and quantum chemistry perspectives. A novel adsorbate configuration controlled (ACC) electrodeposition mechanism is established that at weak-convection bilateral edges and lower corners, the adsorbate displays a weakly-adsorbing configuration to assist accelerator-governed deposition, whereas at strong-convection center, the adsorbate exhibits a mildly-adsorbing configuration to promote leveler-determined inhibition. Deposit profiles can be tailored from dished, flat to domed, depending on predominance of leveler over accelerator. This study should lay theoretical and practical foundations in design and application of copper electroplating additives of multiple adsorbate configurations to cope with complicated interconnect scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 500-510"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synergistic role of plasmonic Au-doped MOF with ZnIn2S4/MoS2 nanosheets for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Mirza Abdullah Rehan, Honghua Liang, Guiqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoms.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of a well-defined and efficient Z-scheme heterostructure with enhanced photogenerated charge carriers and their rapid transfer is vital for realizing efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production, to achieve carbon neutrality. Herein, we study the H<sub>2</sub> evolution reaction by rationally constructing a hybrid Au-anchored UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, embedded with ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of excellent heterojunction, tunes additional catalytic active sites, provides effective separation of photogenerated charges at the junction interface and establishes a dedicated microenvironment for the boosted electron transfer. Notably, the optimized hybrid photocatalyst (Au<sub>6</sub>@U6N)<sub>15</sub>/ZIS/MS<sub>5</sub> exhibits highly efficient H<sub>2</sub> generation of 58.2 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, which is almost 16 and 1.5 folds of the pristine ZIS and MS/U6N/ZIS, correspondingly. It has an apparent quantum efficiency of 19.6% at a wavelength of 420 nm, surpassing several reported MOF-based ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> evolution activities. Significantly, this research provides insights into the design of interface-engineered plasmonic MOF with layered encapsulated heterostructures that elucidate the role of plasmonic LSPR effect and efficiently regulate the charge transfer with enhanced microchannels, hence boosting the visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for realizing efficient green energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33573,"journal":{"name":"Nano Materials Science","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 482-492"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}