理学最新文献

{"title":"Nonlinearity of optoacoustic signals and a new contrast mechanism for imaging","authors":"Jaber Malekzadeh-Najafabadi, Jaya Prakash, Daniel Razansky, Jorge Ripoll, Vipul Gujrati, Vasilis Ntziachristos","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01772-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01772-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optoacoustic signals behave nonlinearly at light fluences above a few mJ/cm², which may affect the interpretation and quantification of measurements. It has been proposed that optoacoustic nonlinearity arises from the heat-induced formation of nanobubbles or changes in local thermo-physical parameters. However, such explanations are only valid at much higher fluences than typically used in biomedical optoacoustic imaging (&gt; 20 mJ/cm²) or in the presence of materials with high absorption coefficients such as gold nanoparticles. We propose herein that electromagnetic permittivity changes in response to photon absorption are major source of optoacoustic signal nonlinearity at low fluences. We provide theoretical and experimental evidence that supports this postulation and show that optoacoustic pressure responses due to permittivity changes, which are function of thermally excited third-order nonlinear susceptibility, can explain the nonlinear behavior of the optoacoustic signal. Since different materials exhibit different thermally excited third-order nonlinear susceptibility, this property could function as a new contrast mechanism that can identify the sensitivity of a substance’s dielectric constant to photon-induced temperature changes. Consequently, we propose an imaging method based on nonlinear optoacoustic signals that exploits this newly identified contrast mechanism. These findings may have far-reaching implications for improving the accuracy of optoacoustics and utilizing the proposed new contrast mechanism would advance our understanding of cellular and tissue functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating fringe projection profilometry to 100k fps at high-resolution using deep learning","authors":"Jie Xu, Jindong Tian","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01802-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01802-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fringe projection profilometry, a powerful technique for three-dimensional (3D) imaging and measurement, has been revolutionized by deep learning, achieving speeds of up to 100,000 frames per second (fps) while preserving high-resolution. This advancement expands its applications to high-speed transient scenarios, opening new possibilities for ultrafast 3D measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise-tolerant LiDAR approaching the standard quantum-limited precision","authors":"Haochen Li, Kaimin Zheng, Rui Ge, Labao Zhang, Lijian Zhang, Weiji He, Biao Zhang, Miao Wu, Ben Wang, Minghao Mi, Yanqiu Guan, Jingrou Tan, Hao Wang, Qi Chen, Xuecou Tu, Qingyuan Zhao, Xiaoqing Jia, Jian Chen, Lin Kang, Qian Chen, Peiheng Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01790-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01790-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum-inspired imaging techniques have been proven to be effective for LiDAR with the advances of single photon detectors and computational algorithms. However, due to the disturbance of background noise and the varies of signal in outdoor environment, the performance of LiDAR is still far from its ultimate limit set by the quantum fluctuations of coherent probe light. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a LiDAR from the detection perspective for approaching the standard quantum-limited performance. The photon numbers of echo signals are recorded by a photon-number-resolving detector and applied to overcome heavy background noise through an active photon number filter in the LiDAR. It can approach the standard quantum limit in intensity estimation in a wide photon-flux range, and achieve a Fisher information of only 0.04 dB less than the quantum Fisher information when the mean signal photon number is 10. Experimentally, a noise-free target reconstruction and imaging is demonstrated in the daytime by the proposed LiDAR. It also performs better in reflectivity resolution when taking only 1/1000 of the measurements based on on/off detection. This work provides a fundamental strategy for constructing a LiDAR to quickly extract targets and identify materials in complex environments, which is important for intelligent agents such as autonomous vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable optical encryption using thickness-controlled stretchable chiral liquid crystal elastomers","authors":"Seungmin Nam, Seohyun Woo, Ji Yoon Park, Su Seok Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01815-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01815-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing demand for cryptographic security encourages the innovation of advanced materials with unique optical properties to secure information using light. Structural colors with soft materials exhibit dynamically tunable optical properties in response to external stimuli, making them ideal for multi-level photonic encryption. However, most previous studies on structural color-based photonic encryption have predominantly focused on single-wavelength tuning while employing inadequate triggering methods for practical device applications. Here, we propose a chiral liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) designed for stretching-induced multi-wavelength control to enhance photonic encryption functionality. By employing a heterogeneous configuration with thickness-modulated CLCE, we achieve multi-photonic band wavelength control under mechanical deformation. Furthermore, this method extends the tunable wavelength range beyond the visible spectrum into the infrared region and integrates a discrete multi-pixel array structure, enabling advanced spatial and spectral control for complex encryption schemes. This multi-wavelength modulation method is expected to provide significant potential for applications in photonic encryption, adaptive optics, and next-generation information security systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-to-ground infrared camouflage with radiative heat dissipation","authors":"Bing Qin, Huanzheng Zhu, Rongxuan Zhu, Meng Zhao, Min Qiu, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01824-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01824-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the development of space exploration and exploitation, it is imperative to address the potential threats posed to space objects, particularly ground-based infrared observation. However, in the extreme space environment, achieving infrared camouflage across different bands with simultaneous thermal management is challenging and has so far slipped out of concern. Here, we propose the space-to-ground infrared camouflage strategy, compatible with radiative heat dissipation. Camouflage in the H, K, mid-wave-infrared (MWIR), and long-wave-infrared (LWIR) bands is achieved through a multilayer structure, with radiative heat dissipation in the very-long-wave-infrared (VLWIR) band. High absorptivity (0.839/0.633) in the H/K bands minimizes the reflected signal of solar radiation and low emissivity (0.132/0.142) in the MWIR/LWIR bands suppresses the thermal radiation signal. Additionally, high emissivity (0.798) in the VLWIR band ensures efficient thermal management, resulting in a temperature decrement of 39.8 °C to the metal reference in the simulated space environment (with 1200 W m⁻² thermal input). This work inspires sophisticated spectral manipulation in extreme environments and guides the development of camouflage and radiative heat dissipation techniques for space objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising incidence of acute hepatitis A among adults and clinical characteristics in a tertiary care center of Pakistan.","authors":"Yumna Shahid, Amna Subhan Butt, Iqra Jamali, Faisal Wasim Ismail","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.97482","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.97482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For decades, hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis among children and was less prevalent among adults. However, recently a paradigm shift has been observed in the epidemiology of HAV, as evident by cases of acute hepatitis due to HAV among adults.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate frequency of HAV in acute viral hepatitis and compare characteristics in HAV and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a trend analysis conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi (Sindh, Pakistan) from February 2024 to May 2024. Individuals aged 18 years and older diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis attributed to hepatotropic viruses in 2024 were reviewed. To compare the trend patients admitted with acute hepatitis during 2019-2023 were also reviewed. Data regarding clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. The yearly trend of acute hepatitis due to HAV and HEV was analyzed, and comparative analysis was done between HAV and HEV cases among adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 396 patients were found to have acute hepatitis during our study duration. HAV was diagnosed in 234 patients (59%) while 157 patients (39.6%) were found to have acute HEV infection. Additionally, acute hepatitis B virus infection was identified in 3 patients (0.7%), whereas acute hepatitis C virus infection was found in 2 (0.5%) cases of acute hepatitis. Yearly trends showed increasing occurrence of HAV infection among adults over last 5 years. The patients with acute HAV were younger than patients with HEV (28 years ± 8 years <i>vs</i> 30 years ± 8 years; <i>P</i> < 0.01). Higher levels of total bilirubin were seen in HEV infection, while higher levels of alanine transaminase were seen in HAV infection. However, a higher proportion of acute liver failure (ALF), coagulopathy, and mortality were observed in HEV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An increase in acute hepatitis A cases among adults shows less severity than hepatitis E, highlighting the need for better sanitation, hygiene, and adult hepatitis A vaccination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 1","pages":"97482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into gastrointestinal manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus: A narrative review.","authors":"Pratiksha Moliya, Anmol Singh, Navdeep Singh, Vikash Kumar, Aalam Sohal","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.99249","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.99249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) modifies CD4-positive cells, resulting in immunodeficiency and a wide range of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. The burden of HIV-related GI illnesses has significantly evolved with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). While ART has effectively reduced the occurrence of opportunistic infections, it has led to an increase in therapy-related GI illnesses. Common esophageal conditions in HIV patients include gastroesophageal reflux disease, idiopathic esophageal ulcers, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and candidal esophagitis. Kaposi's sarcoma, a hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, may affect the entire GI system. Gastritis and peptic ulcer disease are also frequently seen in patients with HIV. Diarrhea, often linked to both opportunistic infections and ART, requires careful evaluation. Bloody diarrhea, often a sign of colitis caused by bacterial infections such as Shigella or Clostridium difficile, is prevalent. Small bowel lymphoma, although rare, is increasing in prevalence. Anorectal disorders, including proctitis, fissures, and anal squamous cell carcinoma, are particularly relevant in homosexual men, underlining the importance of timely diagnosis. This review comprehensively explores the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment considerations for the various GI disorders associated with HIV, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective treatment to improve outcomes for HIV-infected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 1","pages":"99249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among various donor groups: A comparative analysis.","authors":"Sanjay K Thakur, Anil K Sinha, Santosh K Sharma, Aarzoo Jahan, Dinesh K Negi, Ruchika Gupta, Sompal Singh","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.96098","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.96098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood products. In India, screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-I/II, malaria, and syphilis is mandatory before blood transfusions. Worldwide, HCV, HBV, and HIV are the leading viruses causing mortality, affecting millions of people globally, including those with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV. Studies highlight the impact of TTIs on life expectancy and health risks, such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, and other diseases in individuals with chronic HBV. Globally, millions of blood donations take place annually, emphasizing the importance of maintaining blood safety.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the prevalence of TTIs, viz., HBV, HCV, HIV I/II, syphilis, and malaria parasite (MP), among different blood donor groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study assessed the prevalence of TTIs among different blood donor groups in Delhi, India. Groups included total donors, in-house donors, total camp donors, institutional camp donors, and community camp donors. Tests for HIV, HBV, and HCV were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while syphilis was tested with rapid plasma reagins and MP rapid card methods. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis, expressed as percentages. Differences in infection rates between the groups were analyzed using <i>χ</i>² tests and <i>P</i>-values (less than 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study evaluated TTIs among 42158 blood donors in Delhi. The overall cumulative frequency of TTIs in total blood donors was 2.071%, and the frequencies of HBV, HCV, HIV-I/II, venereal disease research laboratory, and MP were 1.048%, 0.425%, 0.221%, 0.377%, and 0.0024%, respectively. In-house donors, representing 37656 donors, had the highest transfusion transmissible infection (TTI) prevalence at 2.167%. Among total camp donors (4502 donors), TTIs were identified in 1.266% of donors, while community camp donors (2439 donors) exhibited a prevalence of 1.558%. Institutional camp donors (2063 donors) had the lowest TTI prevalence at 0.921%. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in overall TTI prevalence, with total and in-house donors exhibiting higher rates compared to camp donors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ongoing monitoring and effective screening programs are essential for minimizing TTIs. Customizing blood safety measures for different donor groups and studying socio-economic-health factors is essential to improving blood safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 1","pages":"96098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamethasone in coronavirus disease 2019 care: Dosage and utilization insights.","authors":"Laiba Shamim, Imshaal Musharaf, Abdulqadir J Nashwan","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.98765","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.98765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It was declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization. An excessive inflammatory response is a severe respiratory manifestation of COVID-19, which becomes predominant in later stages. Due to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties, dexamethasone is the first systemic glucocorticoid to treat severe COVID-19 patients. This editorial reviews the efficacy and safety of high-dose <i>vs</i> low-dose dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19. Findings indicate that using low-dose dexamethasone is beneficial and emphasize the need for additional research on the use of high-dose dexamethasone. While the study provides a robust evidence base, it is limited by the lack of long-term data, focus on specific outcomes and heterogeneity of the included studies. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of dexamethasone and its impact across varying disease severities and patient populations to refine treatment strategies and improve patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 1","pages":"98765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Septic shock due to cytomegalovirus colitis associated with rituximab use: A case report.","authors":"Siddharth Patel, Jordan Jay, Prutha Pathak, Mc Anto Antony, Mrudula Thiriveedi","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.99923","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i1.99923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. CMV targets dysfunctional lymphocytes. Chronic rituximab (RTX) therapy can cause B-lymphocyte dysfunction, increasing CMV risk. Rarely, CMV infections present with critical illness such as septic shock.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 64-year-old African American woman presented with generalized weakness and non-bloody watery diarrhea of 4-6 weeks duration. She did not have nausea, vomiting or, abdominal pain. She had been on monthly RTX infusions for neuromyelitis optica. She was admitted for septic shock due to pancolitis. Blood investigations suggested pancytopenia and serology detected significantly elevated CMV DNA. Valganciclovir treatment led to disease resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates an extremely rare case of CMV colitis associated with RTX use presenting with septic shock. High suspicion for rare opportunistic infections is imperative in individuals with long-term RTX use.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 1","pages":"99923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}