Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01924-9

Adnan A. E. Hajomer, Florian Kanitschar, Nitin Jain, Michael Hentschel, Runjia Zhang, Norbert Lütkenhaus, Ulrik L. Andersen, Christoph Pacher, Tobias Gehring

{"title":"Experimental composable key distribution using discrete-modulated continuous variable quantum cryptography","authors":"Adnan A. E. Hajomer, Florian Kanitschar, Nitin Jain, Michael Hentschel, Runjia Zhang, Norbert Lütkenhaus, Ulrik L. Andersen, Christoph Pacher, Tobias Gehring","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01924-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01924-9","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing secure data communication necessitates secure key exchange over a public channel. Quantum key distribution (QKD), which leverages the principles of quantum physics, can achieve this with information-theoretic security. The discrete modulated (DM) continuous variable (CV) QKD protocol, in particular, is a suitable candidate for large-scale deployment of quantum-safe communication due to its simplicity and compatibility with standard high-speed telecommunication technology. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of a four-state DM CVQKD system, successfully generating composable finite-size keys, secure against collective attacks over a 20 km fiber channel with 2.3 × 109 coherent quantum states, achieving a positive composable key rate of 11.04 × 10−3 bits/symbol. This accomplishment is enabled by using an advanced security proof, meticulously selecting its parameters, and the fast, stable operation of the system. Our results mark a significant step toward the large-scale deployment of practical, high-performance, cost-effective, and highly secure quantum key distribution networks using standard telecommunication components.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-normal and biorthogonal dynamical quantum phase transitions in non-Hermitian quantum walks 非厄米量子行走中的自正态和双正交动态量子相变

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01919-6

Haiting Zhang, Kunkun Wang, Lei Xiao, Peng Xue

引用次数: 0

Long-propagating ghost phonon polaritons enabled by selective mode excitation 选择模式激发使长传播鬼声子极化子成为可能

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01925-8

Manuka Suriyage, Qingyi Zhou, Hao Qin, Xueqian Sun, Zhuoyuan Lu, Stefan A. Maier, Zongfu Yu, Yuerui Lu

{"title":"Long-propagating ghost phonon polaritons enabled by selective mode excitation","authors":"Manuka Suriyage, Qingyi Zhou, Hao Qin, Xueqian Sun, Zhuoyuan Lu, Stefan A. Maier, Zongfu Yu, Yuerui Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01925-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01925-8","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to precisely control the excitation of phonon polaritons (PhPs) provides unique opportunities for various nanophotonic applications, such as on-chip optical communication, quantum information processing, and controlled thermal radiation. Recently, ghost hyperbolic phonon polaritons (g-HPs) have been discovered, which exhibit in-plane hyperbolic dispersion on the surface and oblique wavefronts in the bulk. These g-HPs exhibit long-range, ray-like propagation, which is highly desirable. However, selective excitation of polaritonic modes and flexible control over the directionality of g-HPs remains an open problem. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that changing the shape of the launching micro/nano antenna allows for control over the polariton mode excitation. Using a single asymmetric triangular gold antenna fabricated on a calcite crystal surface, we showcase highly directional g-HP excitation through selectively exciting desirable polariton modes. Our near-field imaging experiments verify that the g-HP excited by the triangular antenna can propagate over 80 microns, which is consistent with our numerical predictions. Overall, by combining g-HP theory with structural engineering, our work has further developed the potential of such anisotropic materials, enabling unexpected control over g-HPs, thus opening opportunities for various applications in mid-IR optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-power, high-wall-plug-efficiency quantum cascade lasers with high-brightness in continuous wave operation at 3–300μm 3-300μm连续波工作高功率、高壁塞效率、高亮度量子级联激光器

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01935-6

Manijeh Razeghi, Yanbo Bai, Feihu Wang

引用次数: 0

Rigid crosslinker-assisted nondestructive direct photolithograph for patterned QLED displays 用于图案QLED显示器的刚性交联辅助无损直接光刻技术

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01918-7

Zhong Chen, Zhongwei Man, Shichao Rao, Jinxing Zhao, Shuaibing Wang, Runtong Zhang, Feng Teng, Aiwei Tang

{"title":"Rigid crosslinker-assisted nondestructive direct photolithograph for patterned QLED displays","authors":"Zhong Chen, Zhongwei Man, Shichao Rao, Jinxing Zhao, Shuaibing Wang, Runtong Zhang, Feng Teng, Aiwei Tang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01918-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01918-7","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with high luminescent efficiency and tunable colors have become ideal materials for next-generation display devices. Direct photolithography is a powerful tool for patterning QD devices, but it faces the serious issue of degradation in the photophysical properties of the patterned QDs. Here, we use relatively rigid cyclopentane as a bridging group to design the crosslinker CPTA, achieving high-resolution direct photolithography of QDs with nearly nondestructive under ambient conditions. The key to the crosslinker design is the introduction of a rigid bridging group that elevates the LUMO level, providing a stronger energy barrier to prevent QD electrons from being trapped or undergoing non-radiative recombination, thus preserving their PL and EL properties. The efficient and high-resolution RGB line and dot arrays were fabricated with pixel sizes down to 1 μm and a resolution of up to 6350 PPI. The patterned RGB QD films, especially red QDs, maintained their optical and optoelectronic properties, with patterned red QLEDs achieving peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21% and a maximum luminance (Lmax) of ~180,000 cd m⁻², matching pristine devices. These results highlight the importance of photo-crosslinker design for nondestructive QDs patterning, paving the way for advanced display applications in patterned QLED technology.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches. 逆光刻技术的进展与挑战：基于人工智能的方法综述。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w

Yixin Yang,Kexuan Liu,Yunhui Gao,Chen Wang,Liangcai Cao

{"title":"Advancements and challenges in inverse lithography technology: a review of artificial intelligence-based approaches.","authors":"Yixin Yang,Kexuan Liu,Yunhui Gao,Chen Wang,Liangcai Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01923-w","url":null,"abstract":"Inverse lithography technology (ILT) is a promising approach in computational lithography to address the challenges posed by shrinking semiconductor device dimensions. The ILT leverages optimization algorithms to generate mask patterns, outperforming traditional optical proximity correction methods. This review provides an overview of ILT's principles, evolution, and applications, with an emphasis on integration with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The review tracks recent advancements of ILT in model improvement and algorithmic efficiency. Challenges such as extended computational runtimes and mask-writing complexities are summarized, with potential solutions discussed. Despite these challenges, AI-driven methods, such as convolutional neural networks, deep neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and model-driven deep learning methods, are transforming ILT. AI-based approaches offer promising pathways to overcome existing limitations and support the adoption in high-volume manufacturing. Future research directions are explored to exploit ILT's potential and drive progress in the semiconductor industry.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"90 1","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micrometer-scale indirect photopatterning of RGB OLED emissive layers in single phase network structure 单相网状结构中RGB OLED发射层的微米尺度间接光模式

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01907-w

Seunghan Lee, Hyobin Ham, Shahid Ameen, Byung Hak Jhun, SeungHwan Roh, Hyeono Yee, Chang Hyeok Lim, Yuchan Heo, Hyukmin Kweon, Dongheon Han, Do Hwan Kim, Youngmin You, BongSoo Kim, Moon Sung Kang

{"title":"Micrometer-scale indirect photopatterning of RGB OLED emissive layers in single phase network structure","authors":"Seunghan Lee, Hyobin Ham, Shahid Ameen, Byung Hak Jhun, SeungHwan Roh, Hyeono Yee, Chang Hyeok Lim, Yuchan Heo, Hyukmin Kweon, Dongheon Han, Do Hwan Kim, Youngmin You, BongSoo Kim, Moon Sung Kang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01907-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01907-w","url":null,"abstract":"Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) used in virtual and augmented reality displays require micrometer-scale red-green-blue (RGB) pixel patterns in the emissive layer (EML). However, conventional patterning methods based on evaporation and shadow masks can only produce patterns larger than tens of micrometers owing to the geometric constraint of the mask. Herein, an indirect method for photopatterning solution-processed OLED EMLs is proposed, which can be used to form micrometer-scale RGB pixel patterns without involving direct exposure to UV radiation or harsh etching processes on EMLs. EMLs can be patterned by i) forming a sacrificial photoresist (PR) pattern, ii) spin-coating an EML film, iii) converting the EML film into a single-phase network (SPN) structure by crosslinking vinylbenzyl-group-appended hosts and dopants at a low temperature, and iv) stripping the pre-formed PR pattern. Furthermore, repeating the process thrice results in the formation of RGB EML patterns. During the repeated process, the sacrificial PR pattern serves as a protective layer for the underlying EML pattern, effectively preventing the EML pattern from being exposed to solutions in subsequent processes. Using a conventional photolithography setup, we produced sets of RGB EML patterns with densities exceeding 3000 patterns/in., which indicated the potential of the method for industrial use.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalable X-ray scintillators with bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons 具有明亮单重态-三重态混合自捕获激子的可伸缩x射线闪烁体

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z

Shi-Yu Song, Chao-Jun Gao, Rui Zhou, Bing-Zhe Wang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Qing Cao, Yan-Wei Hu, Lin Dong, Kai-Kai Liu, Chong-Xin Shan

{"title":"Scalable X-ray scintillators with bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons","authors":"Shi-Yu Song, Chao-Jun Gao, Rui Zhou, Bing-Zhe Wang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Qing Cao, Yan-Wei Hu, Lin Dong, Kai-Kai Liu, Chong-Xin Shan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z","url":null,"abstract":"Size-scalable X-ray scintillators with high transparency and robust photon yield allow for imaging large objects with greater precision and detail. Solution-processable scintillators, typically crafted from quantum dots (QDs), are promising candidates for highly efficient scintillation applications. However, the restricted size and low transparency in QD-based scintillators lead to less efficient X-ray imaging for large objects requiring high resolution. Herein, we demonstrate a meter-scale ZnO QD scintillator with a visible range transmittance exceeding 96%, featuring bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons (STEs). The quantum yields (QYs) of singlet excitons and triplet excitons are 44.7% and 26.3%. Benefiting from a large Stokes shift and bright triplet excitons, the scintillator has a negligible self-absorption and elevated photon yields. Additionally, the scintillator exhibits exchange invariance, demonstrating identical optical performance upon exchanging the coordinates (r) of the QDs. Featuring bright singlet-triplet hybrid STEs and high transparency, the scintillator achieves high resolution X-ray imaging of 42-line pairs per millimeter (42 lp mm−1) at a meter scale. Moreover, demonstrations of 5000 cm2 X-ray imaging and real-time dynamic X-ray imaging are presented. The lowest detectable dose rate for X-ray detection is as low as 37.63 ± 0.4 nGy s−1. This work presents a novel sizable and transparent scintillator with bright singlet-triplet hybrid STEs, showcasing their potential in high-resolution and sizable object X-ray imaging.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Image processing with Optical matrix vector multipliers implemented for encoding and decoding tasks 图像处理与光学矩阵矢量乘法器实现的编码和解码任务

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01904-z

Minjoo Kim, Yelim Kim, Won Il Park

引用次数: 0

Optical next generation reservoir computing 光学下一代储层计算

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6

Hao Wang, Jianqi Hu, YoonSeok Baek, Kohei Tsuchiyama, Malo Joly, Qiang Liu, Sylvain Gigan

{"title":"Optical next generation reservoir computing","authors":"Hao Wang, Jianqi Hu, YoonSeok Baek, Kohei Tsuchiyama, Malo Joly, Qiang Liu, Sylvain Gigan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial neural networks with internal dynamics exhibit remarkable capability in processing information. Reservoir computing (RC) is a canonical example that features rich computing expressivity and compatibility with physical implementations for enhanced efficiency. Recently, a new RC paradigm known as next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) further improves expressivity but compromises its physical openness, posing challenges for realizations in physical systems. Here we demonstrate optical NGRC with computations performed by light scattering through disordered media. In contrast to conventional optical RC implementations, we directly and solely drive our optical reservoir with time-delayed inputs. Much like digital NGRC that relies on polynomial features of delayed inputs, our optical reservoir also implicitly generates these polynomial features for desired functionalities. By leveraging the domain knowledge of the reservoir inputs, we show that the optical NGRC not only predicts the short-term dynamics of the low-dimensional Lorenz63 and large-scale Kuramoto-Sivashinsky chaotic time series, but also replicates their long-term ergodic properties. Optical NGRC shows superiority in shorter training length and fewer hyperparameters compared to conventional optical RC based on scattering media, while achieving better forecasting performance. Our optical NGRC framework may inspire the realization of NGRC in other physical RC systems, new applications beyond time-series processing, and the development of deep and parallel architectures broadly.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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