Carbon Resources Conversion最新文献

{"title":"Organic – Inorganic Hybrid Solid Acid Catalyst Supported on Titanium Nanotubes for Efficient Synthesis of n-Butyl Levulinate","authors":"Shuolin Zhou,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Yin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhijing Liu,&nbsp;You Wu,&nbsp;Xianxiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkyl levulinates (AL) are a class of important organic chemicals that play a significant role in organic synthesis, biofuel additives, and cleaning agents. In this work, low-dimensional titanium dioxide nanotubes were prepared under hydrothermal conditions as precursors, which were further modified to fabricate organic–inorganic hybrid solid acid catalyst (TNTs-PhSO₃H). The catalyst was characterized using various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the amount of bonded sulfonic acid in the catalyst was considerable, reaching up to 1.45 mmol/g. The esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with <em>n</em>-butanol was used as a probe reaction to systematically investigate the influence of reaction time, temperature, catalyst dosage, and molar ratio of reactants on the esterification reaction by the single-factor experiments. The catalytic reaction process was further optimized via the response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 12 % (based on the mass of LA) at 120 °C for 3 h, the yield of the desired product, <em>n-</em>butyl levulinate, could reach 98.0 %. The catalyst maintained stable catalytic performance after being reused at least five times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-level synergistic fractionation technology toward lignocellulosic biomass refining","authors":"Guo-Qiang Kang,&nbsp;Tao Shi,&nbsp;Zi-Jing He,&nbsp;Guosheng Xin,&nbsp;Bing-Zhi Li,&nbsp;Zhi-Hua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignocellulosic biomass represents a pivotal renewable resource for achieving sustainable bioeconomy. However, its recalcitrant structure, governed by hierarchical interactions among cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, poses significant challenges for efficient conversion. Consequently, fractionation processes are essential for the effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. This review systematically explores the multi-level synergistic application of steam explosion and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment to address these challenges. By analyzing bond dissociation enthalpies, this study elucidates the complementary roles of steam explosion and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment in selectively disrupting lignin-carbohydrate linkages and further facilitating biomass high-value utilization. Furthermore, integrated strategies to optimize multi-level fractionation were proposed, emphasizing the need for energy-efficient, scalable, and environmentally benign processes. Rational synergistic fractionation technology shows great advantages over single pretreatment in multi-level disassembling of lignocellulose. This review offers a comprehensive perspective on effective pretreatment strategies to enhance biomass conversion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exothermicity study of wet oxidation of hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry","authors":"Carolin Eva Schuck,&nbsp;Stefano Chiaberge,&nbsp;Konstantinos Anastasakis,&nbsp;Patrick Biller","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) represents a promising technology to convert biomass into energy-rich biocrude, but the resulting aqueous byproduct requires further treatment. Wet oxidation (WO) is a potential method for aqueous phase (AP) treatment, degrading water-soluble organics (WSO) in an oxidative, exothermic process. This study investigates the heat release from WO of different types of HTL-AP using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HP-DSC). Seven HTL-APs derived from typical feedstocks were analyzed, revealing a dependence on feedstock composition, specifically the N/C ratio. Lignocellulosic feedstocks led to lower heat release in the range of –(256–327) kJ/mol_{O2 consumed}, while nitrogen-rich APs reached up to −500 kJ/mol_{O2 consumed}. Compositional analyses using total organic carbon, total nitrogen and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry showed that higher N/C and H/C ratios in WSO correspond to more reduced and unsaturated species with higher exothermic potential. The study reveals, for the first time, how the composition of the HTL aqueous phase governs WO heat release, providing a quantitative foundation for designing next-generation autothermal integration of HTL and WO systems to enhance energy efficiency and process scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of caking components of coal using [N4441][Cl] thermal treatment and alkylation reaction","authors":"Yurong Zhang,&nbsp;Yutong Qian,&nbsp;Minrui Zhao,&nbsp;Sheng Bai,&nbsp;Ruilun Xie,&nbsp;Zhao Lei,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhao,&nbsp;Qiang Ling,&nbsp;Xiangchun Liu,&nbsp;Ping Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method was devised to prepare the caking components of coal from Shenhua long-flame coal (SH) using an ionic liquid [N₄₄₄₁][Cl] thermal treatment, followed by a <em>β</em>-molecular sieve-catalyzed alkylation reaction to introduce alkyl side chains. A series of characterizations were used to elucidate the mechanism by which the alkylation reaction enhances the caking property of the extract. The results showed that the caking index of the extract alkylated at 190 °C (IL_N-extract-A₁₉₀) was the highest among all samples. From the Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric data, alkyl side chains had been successfully incorporated into the aromatic rings of the extract. The pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis showed that IL_N-extract-A₁₉₀ contained abundant polycyclic aromatic and long-chain aliphatic structures. The excellent caking property of IL_N-extract-A₁₉₀ arises from its high content of polycyclic aromatic and long-chain aliphatic structures, especially the abundant alkyl side chains introduced by the alkylation reaction. This study can provide an in-depth understanding of the caking components of coal, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of coking coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanisms and fluorescence properties of carbon dots extracted from fuel vehicle exhaust","authors":"Weizuo Zhang,&nbsp;Han Bai,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhexian Zhao,&nbsp;Yuzhao Li,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhang,&nbsp;Peiguang Shi,&nbsp;Zhongcai Jin,&nbsp;Ju Tang,&nbsp;Wen Xu,&nbsp;Yiming Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is the main air pollution and vehicle exhaust is the biggest contributor to atmospheric particulate. To reduce particulate emissions and utilize waste materials, we explored a pure physical method for efficiently separating and extracting CDs from vehicle exhaust by utilizing the water solubility of CDs. We also investigate the formation mechanism, fluorescence characteristics, and cytotoxicity of the CDs including D-CDs and G-CDs extracted from diesel and gasoline vehicle exhaust, respectively. The CDs are of core–shell structures with an average size of 4.83 nm for D-CDs and 4.27 nm for G-CDs. Besides, they can emit blue fluorescence with wavelengths 421–462 nm under the ultraviolet excitation. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the D-CDs and G-CDs in water solution can reach up to 6.4% and 14.49%, respectively. Meanwhile, these CDs can also be employed as luminescent materials for biological imaging. We also examine the harmfulness of these CDs to human lung. We find that the CDs extracted from diesel exhaust are more toxic to human lung normal cells (B2B) than those extracted from gasoline exhaust. It is interesting to note that when the concentration of D-CDs or G-CDs is less than 43 ng/mL, the survival fraction of the B2B is close to 100% and these CDs would be not toxic to human lung. The results in this study are helpful for the reduction of environmental pollution and the re-usage of the wastes from fuel vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into metal-mediated anaerobic digestion: From material function to process enhancement","authors":"Amir Hossein Behroozi,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Amini,&nbsp;Romina Shirazi,&nbsp;Ehssan Koupaie","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established waste-to-energy technology, yet its efficiency is often hindered by slow hydrolysis, process instability, and limited biogas yields. Recent advances highlight the potential of metal-based additives, including trace metals, oxides, zero-valent metals, nanoparticles, and composites, as multifunctional enhancers that overcome these limitations. This review synthesizes mechanistic insights into how these materials improve AD performance through diverse pathways such as direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), enzyme cofactor supplementation, redox cycling, in-situ hydrogen generation, sulfide precipitation, Fenton-like reactions, and adsorption of inhibitory compounds. Special emphasis is placed on linking material properties with microbial and biochemical responses, including shifts in community structure and enzymatic activity that collectively enhance methane production and process stability. Comparative evaluation reveals that zero-valent iron and iron oxides stand out for their multifunctionality and cost-effectiveness, while metal-based nanoparticles and composites offer unique advantages in conductivity, nutrient delivery, and synergistic inhibition control. Environmental risks, recovery strategies, and future directions, such as smart, recyclable, and hybrid materials, are also discussed. By establishing a mechanistic foundation, this review supports the design of sustainable, high-performance metal-assisted AD systems that advance the goals of the circular economy and renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into supercritical CO2 adsorption on calcium silicate hydrate","authors":"Manli Chen,&nbsp;Yangsheng Xiang,&nbsp;Yiping Xie,&nbsp;Qi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) systems, cement is injected into the annular space between the well casing and the surrounding rock formation to create a zonal isolation barrier. This barrier prevents vertical migration of CO₂ along the wellbore, thereby ensuring long-term containment within the target reservoir and safeguarding well integrity. In subsurface CCUS environments, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) permeates calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), C-S-H the primary binding phase of cement. Molecular dynamics simulations investigate scCO₂-C-S-H interactions at the molecular scale, by systematically varying calcium-to-silicon (C/S) ratios, hydration degrees, and temperatures. These variations elucidate the effects of interfacial chemistry on CO₂ adsorption and material responses. Lower demonstrates that elevated C/S ratios (≥1.5) increase CO₂ uptake through enhanced Ca–CO₂ coordination, while in aqueous scCO₂ containing 5 mol% water, hydroxyl-rich surfaces are stabilized and pore collapse is inhibited. Lower temperatures strengthen ionic bonding at the interface, enhancing CO₂ sequestration stability. These mechanistic insights reveal cement degradation pathways during scCO₂-induced carbonation and provide foundational knowledge for designing durable wellbore cements, thereby ensuring long-term containment security in CCUS infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and characterization of cellular and released polysaccharides by Papiliotrema laurentii strains bioreactor-cultivated on Mizithra secondary cheese whey","authors":"Gabriel Vasilakis,&nbsp;Eleni Dalaka,&nbsp;Georgios Bekiaris,&nbsp;Sofia Marka,&nbsp;Andriana Kaliora,&nbsp;Ioannis Politis,&nbsp;Emmanouil Flemetakis,&nbsp;Georgios Theodorou,&nbsp;Seraphim Papanikolaou","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharides produced by <em>Papiliotrema laurentii</em> strains are of great interest due to their functional properties and potential applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Microbial bioconversion of agro-industrial by-products into high value-added compounds, such as polysaccharides, is of major importance within the framework of the circular economy, as it significantly reduces bioprocessing costs. The present study aimed to produce cellular (cPS) and released extracellular (EPS) polysaccharides through the biotechnological valorization of secondary cheese whey (SCW), a major by-product of cheese manufacturing. The non-extensively studied strain <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> NRRL Y-2536, cultivated on pretreated SCW, produced biomass (14.8 g/L) rich in intracellular polysaccharides (&gt;46 %, w/w), as well as released EPS (22.7 g/L – 504 mg/L/h). cPS were extracted using high-pressure homogenization and deproteinized in the presence of n-butanol–chloroform solvents. Both cPS and EPS were analyzed via FTIR, HPLC, and FRAP assay to assess their structure, composition, and antioxidant capacity. The effects of cPS and EPS on the viability of two human cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX, were evaluated. The cPS of <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> NRRL Y-2536 and <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> NRRL YB-3594 were rich in <em>β</em>-glucans (&gt;62 % of total cPS), while the EPS were composed of galacto-<em>xylo</em>-mannans. Notably, the cPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> YB-3594 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Both cPS isolates, along with the EPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> Y-2536, presented cytotoxic activity at the highest concentrations tested, suggesting their potential application as anticancer agents. In contrast, the heat-treated EPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> Y-2536 and the untreated EPS from <em>P</em>. <em>laurentii</em> YB-3594, which were non-cytotoxic, could be further explored as functional ingredients for food, feed, cosmetic, or biomedicine applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outside Back Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2588-9133(26)00061-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2588-9133(26)00061-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring textural properties of activated carbon produced from Plane tree (Platanus) seeds using alkali (NaOH) activation with improved post-activation treatment procedure for environmental and energy applications","authors":"Vladimir Dodevski,&nbsp;Milena Marinović-Cincović,&nbsp;Bojan Janković","doi":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly-ordered mesoporous/microporous activated carbon (AC) was successfully synthesized from rarely used biomass precursor (Plane tree seeds), through three-step production process. The process involved subjecting raw material to hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in autoclave under moderate temperature conditions (250 °C), and then produced hydrochar was activated by alkali using NaOH, through dry impregnation. The third step was an improved post-activation period, which included high-temperature carbonization at 850 °C. The specific surface area of manufactured AC (PTS-AC-NaOH) was in a domain of the commercial carbons (<em>S</em>_BET = 1508.6 m²/g). According to its textural and morphological characteristics, PTS-AC-NaOH is characterized by the most frequent pores with a diameter of 2.05 nm, as well as wider pores of 3 nm, and specific super-micropores, with diameter of 1.884 nm. Material contains mostly slit-shaped pores in micro-mesoporous domains, where additional analyses were showed that pores are relatively uniform in a size and shape. Due to its physicochemical properties, PTS-AC-NaOH has proven to be an ideal candidate for applications in purification of polluted aquatic environments, air and harmful industrial gases, and as a good choice for electrode material in supercapacitors. During thermal restoration process of PTS-AC-NaOH, a strong exothermic effect was identified, and it was attributed to intercalation of Na⁺ ions (at higher temperatures) into amorphous carbon structure, a most often on defects/edges and interlayer spaces. Observed phenomenon proved to be significant, in the sense, that restored material (with a changed carbon structure) can be used as good anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Complete restoration process was mechanistically described using various isoconversional methods, through changes in the values of effective kinetic parameters with conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52958,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Resources Conversion","volume":"9 4","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148640334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}