Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z

Shi-Yu Song, Chao-Jun Gao, Rui Zhou, Bing-Zhe Wang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Qing Cao, Yan-Wei Hu, Lin Dong, Kai-Kai Liu, Chong-Xin Shan

{"title":"Scalable X-ray scintillators with bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons","authors":"Shi-Yu Song, Chao-Jun Gao, Rui Zhou, Bing-Zhe Wang, Wen-Bo Zhao, Qing Cao, Yan-Wei Hu, Lin Dong, Kai-Kai Liu, Chong-Xin Shan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01869-z","url":null,"abstract":"Size-scalable X-ray scintillators with high transparency and robust photon yield allow for imaging large objects with greater precision and detail. Solution-processable scintillators, typically crafted from quantum dots (QDs), are promising candidates for highly efficient scintillation applications. However, the restricted size and low transparency in QD-based scintillators lead to less efficient X-ray imaging for large objects requiring high resolution. Herein, we demonstrate a meter-scale ZnO QD scintillator with a visible range transmittance exceeding 96%, featuring bright singlet-triplet hybrid self-trapping excitons (STEs). The quantum yields (QYs) of singlet excitons and triplet excitons are 44.7% and 26.3%. Benefiting from a large Stokes shift and bright triplet excitons, the scintillator has a negligible self-absorption and elevated photon yields. Additionally, the scintillator exhibits exchange invariance, demonstrating identical optical performance upon exchanging the coordinates (r) of the QDs. Featuring bright singlet-triplet hybrid STEs and high transparency, the scintillator achieves high resolution X-ray imaging of 42-line pairs per millimeter (42 lp mm−1) at a meter scale. Moreover, demonstrations of 5000 cm2 X-ray imaging and real-time dynamic X-ray imaging are presented. The lowest detectable dose rate for X-ray detection is as low as 37.63 ± 0.4 nGy s−1. This work presents a novel sizable and transparent scintillator with bright singlet-triplet hybrid STEs, showcasing their potential in high-resolution and sizable object X-ray imaging.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Image processing with Optical matrix vector multipliers implemented for encoding and decoding tasks 图像处理与光学矩阵矢量乘法器实现的编码和解码任务

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01904-z

Minjoo Kim, Yelim Kim, Won Il Park

引用次数: 0

Optical next generation reservoir computing 光学下一代储层计算

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6

Hao Wang, Jianqi Hu, YoonSeok Baek, Kohei Tsuchiyama, Malo Joly, Qiang Liu, Sylvain Gigan

{"title":"Optical next generation reservoir computing","authors":"Hao Wang, Jianqi Hu, YoonSeok Baek, Kohei Tsuchiyama, Malo Joly, Qiang Liu, Sylvain Gigan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01927-6","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial neural networks with internal dynamics exhibit remarkable capability in processing information. Reservoir computing (RC) is a canonical example that features rich computing expressivity and compatibility with physical implementations for enhanced efficiency. Recently, a new RC paradigm known as next generation reservoir computing (NGRC) further improves expressivity but compromises its physical openness, posing challenges for realizations in physical systems. Here we demonstrate optical NGRC with computations performed by light scattering through disordered media. In contrast to conventional optical RC implementations, we directly and solely drive our optical reservoir with time-delayed inputs. Much like digital NGRC that relies on polynomial features of delayed inputs, our optical reservoir also implicitly generates these polynomial features for desired functionalities. By leveraging the domain knowledge of the reservoir inputs, we show that the optical NGRC not only predicts the short-term dynamics of the low-dimensional Lorenz63 and large-scale Kuramoto-Sivashinsky chaotic time series, but also replicates their long-term ergodic properties. Optical NGRC shows superiority in shorter training length and fewer hyperparameters compared to conventional optical RC based on scattering media, while achieving better forecasting performance. Our optical NGRC framework may inspire the realization of NGRC in other physical RC systems, new applications beyond time-series processing, and the development of deep and parallel architectures broadly.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bipolar-barrier tunnel heterostructures for high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared photodetection 用于高灵敏度中波红外光探测的双极势垒隧道异质结构

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01905-y

Fakun Wang, Song Zhu, Wenduo Chen, Ruihuan Duan, Tengfei Dai, Hui Ma, Congliao Yan, Shi Fang, Jianbo Yu, Yue Zhang, Qikan Dong, Wenjie Deng, Zheng Liu, Qi Jie Wang

{"title":"Bipolar-barrier tunnel heterostructures for high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared photodetection","authors":"Fakun Wang, Song Zhu, Wenduo Chen, Ruihuan Duan, Tengfei Dai, Hui Ma, Congliao Yan, Shi Fang, Jianbo Yu, Yue Zhang, Qikan Dong, Wenjie Deng, Zheng Liu, Qi Jie Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01905-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01905-y","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of modern infrared optoelectronic technology has driven a growing demand for high-sensitivity mid-wave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors capable of reliable room-temperature operation. Achieving optimal specific detectivity, a critical performance metric for MWIR photodetection, remains challenging due to inherent limitations imposed such as high dark current, low optical absorption, or both. To address these challenges, we present an approach based on a bipolar-barrier architecture featuring a black phosphorus (BP)/MoTe2/BP tunnel heterostructure integrated with an Au reflector. This configuration delivers simultaneous electrical and optical enhancement, effectively suppressing dark currents and significantly increasing optical absorption. The bipolar-barrier structure minimizes dark current by blocking thermally excited and bias-induced carrier leakage, while facilitating efficient tunneling of photogenerated carriers via trap-assisted photogating mechanisms. In addition, the Au reflector enhances optical absorption through interference effects. As a result, the heterostructure achieves remarkable performance metrics, including a room-temperature specific detectivity of ∼3.0 × 1010 cm Hz0.5 W−1, a high responsivity of ∼4 A W−1, and an external quantum efficiency of ∼140% within the MWIR range. These results establish the bipolar-barrier tunnel heterostructure as a highly efficient platform, paving the way for the next generation of advanced infrared optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

10-km passive drone detection using broadband quantum compressed sensing imaging 利用宽带量子压缩传感成像进行10公里被动无人机探测

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01878-y

Shuxiao Wu, Jianyong Hu, Jiaqing Ge, Yanshan Fan, Zhexin Li, Liu Yang, Kai Song, Jiazhao Tian, Zhixing Qiao, Guosheng Feng, Xilong Liang, Changgang Yang, Ruiyun Chen, Chengbing Qin, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

引用次数: 0

Forward Brillouin scattering in few-mode fibers 低模光纤中的正向布里渊散射

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01877-z

Elad Layosh, Elad Zehavi, Alon Bernstein, Mirit Hen, Maayan Holsblat, Ori Pearl, Avi Zadok

{"title":"Forward Brillouin scattering in few-mode fibers","authors":"Elad Layosh, Elad Zehavi, Alon Bernstein, Mirit Hen, Maayan Holsblat, Ori Pearl, Avi Zadok","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01877-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01877-z","url":null,"abstract":"Forward Brillouin scattering is an opto-mechanical effect in which two co-propagating optical fields couple with an acoustic mode in a common medium. The effect has been studied in standard optical fibers since 1985, however nearly all studies have been limited to the single optical mode regime. Forward Brillouin scattering in single-mode fibers takes place through two classes of acoustic modes only: purely radial ones and modes of two-fold azimuthal symmetry. Acoustic modes may only be stimulated at their cut-off frequencies, and the acoustic frequencies in standard fibers are limited to 600 MHz. In this work, we extend the study of forward Brillouin scattering to few-mode optical fibers through analysis, calculations, and experiment. Measurements are performed in a commercial, off-the-shelf step-index fiber with standard cladding through three optical modes. We demonstrate for the first time the stimulation of acoustic modes with first-order and fourth-order azimuthal symmetries. Acoustic frequencies up to 1.8 GHz are observed, and the acoustic modes are stimulated above their cut-off frequencies. Angular momentum is transferred between the orbital degrees of freedom of the optical and acoustic waves. The results extend the understanding and formulation of forward Brillouin scattering in optical fibers, and they may find applications in fiber lasers, sensing, non-reciprocal propagation effects, and quantum states manipulation.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chip-to-chip photonic quantum teleportation over optical fibers of 12.3 km 12.3公里光纤上的片对片光子量子隐形传态

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01920-z

Dongning Liu, Zhanping Jin, Jingyuan Liu, Xiaotong Zou, Xiaosong Ren, Hao Li, Lixing You, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Yidong Huang, Wei Zhang

{"title":"Chip-to-chip photonic quantum teleportation over optical fibers of 12.3 km","authors":"Dongning Liu, Zhanping Jin, Jingyuan Liu, Xiaotong Zou, Xiaosong Ren, Hao Li, Lixing You, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Yidong Huang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01920-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01920-z","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum teleportation is a crucial function in quantum networks. The implementation of photonic quantum teleportation could be highly simplified by quantum photonic circuits. To extend chip-to-chip teleportation distance, more effort is needed on both chip design and system implementation. In this work, we demonstrate a time-bin-based chip-to-chip photonic quantum teleportation over optical fibers under the scenario of a star-topology quantum network. Three quantum photonic circuits are designed and fabricated on a single chip, each serving specific functions: heralded single-photon generation at the user node, entangled photon pair generation and BSM at the relay node, and projective measurement of the teleported photons at the central node. The unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometers (UMZI) for time-bin encoding in these quantum photonic circuits are optimized to reduce insertion losses and suppress noise photons generated on the chip. Besides, an active feedback system is employed to suppress the impact of fiber length fluctuation between the circuits, achieving a stable quantum interference for the BSM in the relay node. As a result, a photonic quantum teleportation over optical fibers of 12.3 km is achieved based on these quantum photonic circuits, showing the potential of chip integration for the development of quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultrafast switching of a metasurface quasi-bound state in the continuum via transient optical symmetry breaking 利用瞬态光学对称破缺实现连续介质中超表面准束缚态的超快切换

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01885-z

Giulia Crotti, Andrea Schirato, Olesiya Pashina, Olga Sergaeva, Mihail Petrov, Costantino De Angelis, Giuseppe Della Valle

{"title":"Ultrafast switching of a metasurface quasi-bound state in the continuum via transient optical symmetry breaking","authors":"Giulia Crotti, Andrea Schirato, Olesiya Pashina, Olga Sergaeva, Mihail Petrov, Costantino De Angelis, Giuseppe Della Valle","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01885-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01885-z","url":null,"abstract":"In photonic structures, bound states in the continuum (BICs) have recently attracted huge interest in both fundamental and applied research. Quasi-BIC leaky modes resulting from in-plane symmetry breaking in metasurfaces are particularly relevant to applications, due to their high quality factor, which scales as the squared inverse of the asymmetry parameter. Here, we theoretically propose an innovative approach to switch on quasi-BICs on sub-picosecond timescales via optically induced symmetry breaking in semiconductor metasurfaces. The desired effect is granted by exploiting the spatial inhomogeneities in the distribution of photo-excited hot carriers at the single meta-atom nanometric scale. In our simulations, the quasi-BIC state manifests itself as an ultra-sharp dip in transmission, emerging upon pump arrival, and disappearing completely within the carriers’ diffusion timescale. Our strategy allows to envision reconfigurable platforms with switchable high-Q resonances, with ultrafast recovery beyond the limits of carrier relaxation, typical of previous approaches.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

320 GHz photonic-electronic analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) exploiting Kerr soliton microcombs 利用克尔孤子微梳的320 GHz光电子模数转换器（ADC）

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01778-1

Dengyang Fang, Daniel Drayss, Huanfa Peng, Grigory Lihachev, Christoph Füllner, Artem Kuzmin, Pablo Marin-Palomo, Patrick Matalla, Prashanta Kharel, Rui Ning Wang, Johann Riemensberger, Mian Zhang, Jeremy Witzens, J. Christoph Scheytt, Wolfgang Freude, Sebastian Randel, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Christian Koos

{"title":"320 GHz photonic-electronic analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) exploiting Kerr soliton microcombs","authors":"Dengyang Fang, Daniel Drayss, Huanfa Peng, Grigory Lihachev, Christoph Füllner, Artem Kuzmin, Pablo Marin-Palomo, Patrick Matalla, Prashanta Kharel, Rui Ning Wang, Johann Riemensberger, Mian Zhang, Jeremy Witzens, J. Christoph Scheytt, Wolfgang Freude, Sebastian Randel, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Christian Koos","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01778-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01778-1","url":null,"abstract":"Kerr soliton microcombs have the potential to disrupt a variety of applications such as ultra-high-speed optical communications, ultra-fast distance measurements, massively parallel light detection and ranging (LiDAR) or high-resolution optical spectroscopy. Similarly, ultra-broadband photonic-electronic signal processing could also benefit from chip-scale frequency comb sources that offer wideband optical emission along with ultra-low phase noise and timing jitter. However, while photonic analogue-to-digital converters (ADC) based on femtosecond lasers have been shown to overcome the jitter-related limitations of electronic oscillators, the potential of Kerr combs in photonic-electronic signal processing remains to be explored. In this work, we demonstrate a microcomb-based photonic-electronic ADC that combines a high-speed electro-optic modulator with a Kerr comb for spectrally sliced coherent detection of the generated optical waveform. The system offers a record-high acquisition bandwidth of 320 GHz, corresponding to an effective sampling rate of at least 640 GSa/s. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate the viability of the concept by acquiring a broadband analogue data signal comprising different channels with centre frequencies between 24 GHz and 264 GHz, offering bit error ratios (BER) below widely used forward-error-correction (FEC) thresholds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a microcomb-based ADC, leading to the largest acquisition bandwidth demonstrated for any ADC so far.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction 具有非易失性p-i-n同质结的片上石墨烯光电探测器

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y

Ruijuan Tian, Yong Zhang, Yingke Ji, Chen Li, Xianghu Wu, Jianguo Wang, Shuaiwei Jia, Liang Liu, Mingwen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Qiao Zhang, Zhuang Xie, Zhengdong Luo, Duorui Gao, Yan Liu, Jianlin Zhao, Zhipei Sun, Xuetao Gan

{"title":"On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction","authors":"Ruijuan Tian, Yong Zhang, Yingke Ji, Chen Li, Xianghu Wu, Jianguo Wang, Shuaiwei Jia, Liang Liu, Mingwen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Qiao Zhang, Zhuang Xie, Zhengdong Luo, Duorui Gao, Yan Liu, Jianlin Zhao, Zhipei Sun, Xuetao Gan","doi":"10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-025-01832-y","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene’s unique photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, combined with its compatibility for on-chip fabrication, promises its development in chip-integrated photodetectors with ultralow dark-current and ultrafast speed. Previous designs of on-chip graphene photodetectors required external electrical biases or gate voltages to separate photocarriers, leading to increased power consumption and complex circuitry. Here, we demonstrate a nonvolatile graphene p–i–n homojunction constructed on a silicon photonic crystal waveguide, which facilitates PTE-based photodetection without the need for electrical bias or gate voltages. By designing an air-slotted photonic crystal waveguide as two individual silicon back gates and employing ferroelectric dielectrics with remnant polarization fields, the nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction with a clear gradient of Seebeck coefficient is electrically configured. Hot carriers in the graphene channel generated from the absorption of waveguide evanescent field are separated by the nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction effectively to yield considerable photocurrents. With zero-bias and zero-gate voltage, the nonvolatile graphene p–i–n homojunction photodetector integrated on the optical waveguide exhibits high and flat responsivity of 193 mA W−1 over the broadband wavelength range of 1560–1630 nm and an ultrafast dynamics bandwidth of 17 GHz measured in the limits of our instruments. With the high-performance on-chip photodetection, the nonvolatile graphene homojunction directly constructed on silicon photonic circuits promises the extended on-chip functions of the optoelectronic synapse, in-memory sensing and computing, and neuromorphic computing.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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