理学最新文献

{"title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic landscape of the bovine uterine lumen during the second week of the estrous cycle.","authors":"Abdul Waheed, Cecilia Constantino Rocha, Alexandra Bennett Bastien, Mariangela Bueno Cordeiro Maldonado, Nadia Ashrafi, Romana A Mimi, Stewart F Graham, Francisco Peñagaricano, Mario Binelli","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01466-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01466-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In cattle, the second week after estrus encompasses critical changes in uterine function. The endometrium will either prepare for the release of luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin-F2 alpha or for the support of an eventual pregnancy. We hypothesized that concentrations of amino acids and lipids in the uterine luminal fluid (ULF), and the gene expression in luminal epithelial cells (LE), change across the second week of the estrous cycle. The objective was to compare amino acid and lipid concentrations in ULF and target gene expression in LE 7 (D7), 10 and 14 d after estrus. The ULF and LE samples were collected from the uterine body of five primiparous, non-lactating, cyclic Bos indicus-influenced crossbred cows using a cytological brush on each day after synchronized estrus. Targeted metabolomics of ULF was performed using mass spectrometry, and gene expression in LE was assessed using RNA sequencing. Data were analyzed by uni- and multivariate statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analyses separated D7, D10, and D14, with amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis as enriched pathways. Luminal concentrations of amino acids (e.g., arginine, histidine) and lipids (e.g., CE(17:1), PC aa C34:1) increased from D7 to D10, but from D10 to D14 concentrations of amino acids (e.g., glutamine, glutamic acid) decreased while that of lipids (e.g., CE(18:2), SM C16:0) continued to increase. Transcriptomic profiling revealed temporal regulation of 186 amino acid-related and 133 lipid-related genes. Between D7 and D10, there was increased expression of genes for oxidative phosphorylation and extracellular secretion pathways supporting secretory capacity, while decreased expression of genes in arginine-proline metabolism and solute carrier-mediated transport pathways promoted luminal metabolite accumulation. From D10 to D14, there was increased expression of genes in fatty acid elongation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways likely driving lipid synthesis and amino acid catabolism, while decreased expression of genes in protein digestion/absorption and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways reduced nutrient export to the lumen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ULF composition and LE gene expression changed markedly during the second week of the estrous cycle. It is plausible that the dynamic shifts in amino acid and lipid metabolites in the uterine lumen reflect changing responses to sex steroids. The influence of such changes on embryo development and pregnancy success in cattle warrants investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13348268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for efficient production of L-isoleucine.","authors":"Junkun Cao, Ming Huang, Qi Sheng, Landong Zhang, Gang Meng, Chunguang Zhao, Aiying Wei, Jia Liu, Liming Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01459-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01459-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>L-Isoleucine is an essential branched-chain amino acid for livestock and poultry, supporting protein accretion and regulating energy metabolism, immune function, and stress resilience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A genetically stable L-isoleucine producer, Corynebacterium glutamicum cgl-Ile0, was obtained via biosensor-assisted ARTP mutagenesis, and produced 11.52 g/L L-isoleucine in a 5-L fermenter, with a yield of 0.11 g/g and a productivity of 0.24 g/L/h. Whole-genome resequencing revealed four mutations associated with the phenotype, including aspB^V346I, asd^P27E, brnE^L87S, and brnF^R28P. Structure-guided protein engineering of two rate-limiting enzymes-threonine dehydratase (TD) and acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-generated strain cgl-Ile1, increasing titer, yield, and productivity by 39.50%, 27.27%, and 37.50%, respectively, relative to strain cgl-Ile0. Subsequent modular optimization of L-isoleucine biosynthesis, oxaloacetate supply module, cofactor-supply module, and transport/export module yielded the final strain cgl-Ile8. Through optimization pH and dissolved oxygen, the titer, yield and productivity of L-isoleucine produced by strain cgl-Ile8 in a 5-L fermenter were 48.49 g/L, 0.31 g/g and 1.01 g/L/h, which were 4.21-, 2.82-, and 4.21-fold those of strain cgl-Ile0, respectively. Scale-up to a 50-L fermenter further increased the titer, yield and productivity to 50.12 g/L, 0.32 g/g and 1.04 g/L/h, respectively, representing the highest reported L-isoleucine titer in C. glutamicum to date.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed an industrial L-isoleucine-producing C. glutamicum strain by integrating biosensor-guided ARTP mutagenesis, structure-guided protein engineering, and modular pathway rewiring, providing a practical and transferable framework for constructing GRAS amino-acid producers for animal nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13343988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148407019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-PT symmetry with bound states in the continuum.","authors":"Ziyao Feng,Long Jin,Xiankai Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02354-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02354-x","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hermitian systems satisfying PT- or anti-PT symmetry have produced many intriguing wave phenomena. Maintaining the Hermitian (non-Hermitian) property and increasing the non-Hermitian (Hermitian) property difference can cause a phase transition from a symmetric phase to a broken phase through the exceptional point (EP). However, it is experimentally difficult to construct a system working at the EP to satisfy both requirements simultaneously. Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are a special lossless wave state despite their coexistence with continuous waves. Deviation from a BIC leads to an intrinsically dissipative quasi-BIC. Here, we propose to attain anti-PT symmetry from a binary quasi-BIC system, where an introduced asymmetry between two quasi-BICs induces an anti-PT phase transition through the EP. Experimentally, we used the thermo-optic effect to accurately control the asymmetry and demonstrated an anti-PT phase transition. We further found that the system can operate at the EP despite fabrication imperfections, evidenced by the slow-light effect with a group index exceeding 40. By harnessing BICs for constructing anti-PT symmetry, our approach opens up a new way for fundamental research and practical applications based on non-Hermitian physics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituting maize and soybean meal with non-conventional feed ingredients: environmental trade-offs and resource-saving potential in China's pig production.","authors":"Qile Hu, Xue Bao, Nuo Xiao, Yuansen Yang, Changhua Lai, Lu Wang, Shuai Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01458-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01458-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>China produces approximately one-quarter of the world's grain with less than 9% of global arable land; however, more than half of this production is used for animal feed. Meanwhile, the feed system in China has long been highly dependent on conventional ingredients such as maize and soybean meal, resulting in a relatively homogeneous feed structure. Under the dual objectives of developing a diversified feed supply system and promoting sustainable livestock production, expanding the utilization of non-conventional feed ingredients (NCFIs) has become an important pathway. In this context, systematically quantifying their potential for greenhouse gas mitigation is essential for advancing the green and low-carbon transition of agriculture. Taking 1 kg live-weight gain in growing-finishing pigs as the functional unit (FU), three scenarios were designed to evaluate the life-cycle carbon footprint, nitrogen footprint, land use, and grain-saving effects of substituting maize and soybean meal with ten NCFIs in diets for 25-120 kg pigs across the complete \"crop-pig-manure\" chain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Marked inter-type variability in environmental profiles was observed among the ten NCFIs: carbon footprint ranged from 2.46 to 2.84 kg CO₂-eq/FU, nitrogen footprint from 60.49 to 82.02 g Nr/FU, and land use from 5.43 to 8.42 m²/FU. Substituting maize with rice bran and cassava reduced the carbon footprint, while cassava substitution additionally decreased nitrogen emissions and land use. All six NCFIs contributed to reductions in carbon footprint to varying extents, with peanut meal and palm kernel meal also leading to concurrent reductions in nitrogen footprint. Meanwhile, scenario-based simulations indicated that large-scale adoption of NCFI substitution could annually spare 27-90 million tons of maize or 15.84-30.98 million tons of soybean meal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, the NCFI strategy exhibits environmental trade-offs: while generally favorable for carbon reduction, the mitigation efficacy is feed ingredients-dependent, and adverse impacts on nitrogen emissions and land use must be managed. Cassava exhibits the greatest mitigation potential, whereas sorghum requires more careful formulation and supply chain management. These findings corroborate the substantial resource-replacement capacity of NCFIs and provide a quantitative basis for developing low-carbon, resource-efficient livestock systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13340116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating degradation mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes using operando electrically pumped spectroscopy.","authors":"Chang Min Lee,Hyun Jae Lee,Insung Ha,Mengdi Fu,Muhammad Waheed,Geon Lee,Deepak Rajaram Patil,Justin Jesuraj P,Jae Woo Lee,Chul Hoon Kim,Seung Yoon Ryu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02373-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02373-8","url":null,"abstract":"Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been analyzed using a variety of techniques, each offering unique insights into their performance and degradation, yet conventional electrical diagnostics such as impedance spectroscopy (IS) provide only limited insight into the microscopic origins of failure. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of OLED degradation by integrating IS with operando electrically pumped spectroscopy (EPS), which enables simultaneous electrical and optical probing under operational bias. OLED devices, including systematically fabricated in-situ and ex-situ samples, were investigated under both pristine and thermally degraded conditions. IS effectively captured electrical trends, but could not pinpoint the specific layers or interfaces responsible for efficiency loss in degraded devices. EPS, combined with single-layer and bilayer film analysis, revealed the dominant role of exciton scattering and energy transfer disruptions within the emissive layer (EML) and at the EML/HTL (hole transport layer) interface. Kinetic modeling and decay-associated spectral analysis further identified ultrafast exciton quenching pathways induced by thermal stress. These findings establish EPS as a powerful diagnostic tool for visualizing exciton dynamics and localizing degradation, thereby contributing to the development of more stable OLED device architectures.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired backpropagation-free training for optical neural networks.","authors":"Tingxuan Li,Yibo Dong,Kun Tu,Yuchao Zhang,Shu Li,Yuyang Duan,Peng Sun,Min Gu,Jing Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02394-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02394-3","url":null,"abstract":"Optical Neural Networks (ONNs) can perform matrix operations at the speed of light and are expected to bring revolutionary advances in energy-efficient computing. However, traditional ONNs (T-ONNs) rely heavily on error backpropagation algorithms, which are fundamentally incompatible with physical optical systems due to the lack of reciprocal error paths and extreme sensitivity to fabrication imperfections. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired backpropagation-free optical neural network (B-ONN) that circumvents gradient backpropagation through a layer-wise target propagation mechanism. By introducing trainable error convolution kernels, each layer can perform local learning based on target signals rather than chain-ruled gradients, eliminating the need for precise optical conjugation between forward and backward paths. Experimental results demonstrate that B-ONN achieves comparable accuracy to T-ONN on both the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets, with 93.25% and 82.28% accuracy, respectively. Moreover, B-ONN demonstrates superior robustness against phase noise (75% accuracy at σ ≈ 0.4π) and alignment errors (75% accuracy within ±3 pixels). We physically validated B-ONN using a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) system, achieving 95% accuracy in handwritten digit recognition. Furthermore, we successfully implemented chip-scale integration via nano printing, maintaining 94% accuracy, confirming B-ONN's effective transferability from programmable setups to fixed devices. Crucially, B-ONN learns smooth phase distributions that provide inherent structural robustness without requiring noise-augmented training. Its local learning rules also support asynchronous parallel updates in scalable deep architectures. This work opens a practical and feasible path for deploying optical computing systems in real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148393775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cichorium intybus L. polysaccharide improves growth performance and colonic barrier function in weaned piglets via the microbiota-HDCA-TGR5-Akt-NF-κB signaling axis: validation by FMT and in vitro models.","authors":"Li Cao, Ge Zhang, Gang Zhang, Fudong Zhang, Wenhan Li, Qian Song, Junhong He, Jinbiao Zhao, Zeyu Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01449-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01449-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Weaning stress predisposes piglets to intestinal barrier disruption and gut dysbiosis, which contribute to post-weaning diarrhea and poor feed efficiency. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) polysaccharide (CLP) is a fructan-rich prebiotic candidate; however, how CLP reshapes the microbiota-metabolite network to protect the colon remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Exp. 1, 96 weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 28 days old, 8.03 ± 0.2 kg] were fed a basal diet (CON group) or a 0.5% CLP supplemented diet (CLP group). In Exp. 2, fecal microbiota from piglets were transplanted into dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice to confirm the causal role of the CLP-remodeled microbiota. Metagenomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses were employed to identify key microbial species and functional metabolites. In Exp. 3, Caco-2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) for 24 h to functionally validate the regulatory effects on TGR5 and FXR expression levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that dietary CLP significantly decreased the feed to gain ratio, diarrhea rate and histology index (P < 0.05), but increased goblet cell numbers (P < 0.05). Metagenomic sequencing revealed that CLP significantly increased microbial α-diversity and remodeled the community structure, specifically enriching beneficial microbes, such as Blautia sp., Eubacterium sp., and Ruminococcus sp. To test microbiota causality, fecal microbiota from CON or CLP piglets was transplanted into antibiotic treated mice followed by DSS challenge. The CLP modified microbiota alleviates DSS induced colitis, upregulated Occludin and ZO-1 expression, and reduced colonic IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Mechanistically, the CLP remodeled microbiota promoted the accumulation of HDCA, which functioned as a signaling ligand to activate the colonic TGR5 receptor. This activation subsequently suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt (P < 0.05), leading to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway through the reduced phosphorylation of IκBα and the p65 subunit (P < 0.05), thereby effectively abrogating the inflammatory response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary CLP supplementation mitigates weaning induced intestinal injury and inflammation by remodeling the colonic microbiota, specifically enriching HDCA-producing species. The subsequent activation of the HDCA-TGR5-Akt signaling axis inhibits the NF-κB pathway, thereby improving host immune responses and intestinal barrier function.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13335359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Se-enriched yeast improves meat quality through glycerophospholipid metabolism in finishing pigs: insights from a multi-omics analysis.","authors":"Xiangqi Qiu, Panpan Lu, Mingfei Xiao, Sumei Zeng, Li Li, Haitao Yu, Aihua Deng, Min Zhu, E Xu, Xiangfang Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01446-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01446-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The improvement of meat quality by selenium (Se) supplementation has been well documented; however, the effects and underlying mechanisms by which Se-enriched yeast modulates meat quality remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Se-enriched yeast on meat quality and its molecular characteristics in finishing pigs. All pigs were fed a Se-deficient diet (SeD) or the same diet supplemented with 0.3, 1, 3, or 5 mg Se/kg (CT, SY1, SY3, and SY5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with SeD, Se-enriched yeast supplementation, especially SY3, improved marbling score, intramuscular fat content, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid composition in the LD muscle (P < 0.05). Lipidomic analysis revealed that Se-enriched yeast supplementation altered the abundances of multiple lipid species, while transcriptomic analysis showed significant enrichment of pathways related to unsaturated fatty acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism (P < 0.05). Integrated analyses further identified glycerophospholipid metabolism as a key pathway associated with major lipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), along with regulatory genes glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT3) and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD). Correlation analysis indicated that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4), and GPAT3 play crucial roles in lipid synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Se-enriched yeast supplementation at 3 mg/kg improved meat quality, primarily through the regulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism, enhancement of membrane stability, and lipid homeostasis. These findings offer mechanistic insights into the role of Se-enriched yeast and highlight its potential as an effective feed additive for improving meat quality in finishing pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13333091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeast β-glucan selenium nanoparticles enhance meat quality in heat-stressed broilers via SelO-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative myofiber remodeling.","authors":"Weiguang Yang, Chengkun Fang, Jiani Yang, Jing Lv, Guanyu Shang, Xinhao Song, Yujing Tang, Shusong Wu, Rejun Fang","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01437-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01437-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress (HS) markedly impairs broiler growth, muscle function, and meat quality. In this study, broilers were subjected to a 2 × 2 factorial design with sodium selenite or yeast β-glucan selenium nanoparticles (yeast β-Glu-SeNPs) as the selenium source (0.3 mg/kg total selenium) under thermoneutral or HS conditions. We aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of yeast β-Glu-SeNPs against HS-induced muscle damage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS markedly impaired growth performance and induced systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, while also compromising meat quality and disrupting postmortem glycolysis, as evidenced by reduced glycogen availability and excessive lactate accumulation. Yeast β-Glu-SeNPs significantly improved growth performance, mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation, and restored meat quality in both breast and thigh muscles. Postmortem energy metabolism was preserved, as reflected by increased muscle glycogen and glycolytic potential, reduced lactate accumulation and glycolytic enzyme activities, and a stabilized pH decline. Meanwhile, skeletal muscle Se deposition, glutathione peroxidase activity, and key selenoprotein expression were markedly enhanced. Notably, HS promoted a phenotypic shift toward fast glycolytic muscle fibers, as evidenced by increased expression of MYHC2b and Fast-MyHC (P < 0.05), accompanied by reduced levels of MYHC1, MYHC2a, and Slow-MyHC (P < 0.05). This maladaptive transition was effectively reversed by yeast β-Glu-SeNPs, which favored oxidative fiber formation, characterized by the upregulation of MYHC1 and MYHC2a, along with the suppression of MYHC2b (P < 0.05). At the mitochondrial level, yeast β-Glu-SeNPs preserved ultrastructural integrity and enhanced mitochondrial function, as reflected by increased ATP content, elevated mtDNA copy number, and the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes, including AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis, molecular docking, and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that SelO interacts with AMPK, supporting a SelO-dependent AMPK/PGC-1α axis that drives mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative fiber remodeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, yeast β-Glu-SeNPs mitigated HS-induced muscle metabolic dysfunction and meat quality deterioration via SelO-mediated mitochondrial and myofiber reprogramming.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148383322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-photon 3D imaging of optically stimulated neural activity at 100 Hz.","authors":"Dongli Xu,Fuu-Jiun Hwang,Jun B Ding,Leilei Peng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02395-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02395-2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how neurons integrate synaptic inputs requires imaging techniques capable of capturing rapid, three-dimensional dendritic events. These processes occur on millisecond timescales and submicron spatial scales, exceeding the speed of conventional two-photon microscopy (2PM). We developed dual-view Bessel two-photon projection microscopy (dv-B2PM), a high-speed volumetric imaging approach that achieves 100 Hz whole-volume acquisition with synaptic-level resolution. dv-B2PM simultaneously records two orthogonal projections of the same 3D volume, preserving spatial information while minimizing ambiguity from structural overlap. Combining dv-B2PM with two-photon glutamate uncaging, we visualized 3D Ca²⁺ dynamics in neurons following localized stimulation. Multi-timescale analysis revealed dendrite-to-soma Ca²⁺ signal propagation, back propagated Ca²⁺ signal from the soma, and multi-frequency (5-40 Hz) Ca²⁺ transients activated along apical dendrites at speeds from ten of microns per second to millimeters per seconds. These findings demonstrate dv-B2PM as a powerful tool for direct visualization of 3D calcium dynamics associated with dendritic integration across extended neuronal structures, bridging the gap between optical imaging and the dynamic biophysics of neuronal integration.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148372611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}