理学最新文献

{"title":"Eye on cytomegalovirus: Unveiling the ophthalmic impact of cytomegalovirus.","authors":"Mutali Musa, Gladness Aluyi-Osa, Ekele Chukwuyem, Babatunde Ismail Bale, Fabiana D'Esposito, Daniele Tognetto, Caterina Gagliano, Marco Zeppieri","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.101944","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that can cause significant ocular morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize the current understanding of the ophthalmic impact of CMV, with a focus on its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management, ocular symptoms of CMV floaters, blurred vision, and loss of peripheral vision, eventually progressing to retinal necrosis and detachment. CMV retinitis (CMVR) is a sight-threatening condition that can lead to retinal detachment, blindness, and even death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We discuss the pathophysiology of CMVR, including the role of immune suppression and viral reactivation. We also examine the clinical features of CMVR, including its characteristic retinal lesions and associated ocular complications. Diagnostic approaches are reviewed, including polymerase chain reaction and fundus photography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We discuss treatment options, including antiviral medications, intravitreal injections, and surgical interventions. Finally, we highlight areas of ongoing research and future directions in managing CMV-related ocular disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CMV poses a significant threat to ocular health, particularly in immunocompromised populations such as those with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"101944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising adult hepatitis A in Pakistan: Shifting trends and public health solutions.","authors":"Saad Ahmed, Abdulqadir J Nashwan","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.102519","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.102519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter evaluates Shahid <i>et al</i>'s study in 2025 on the rising hepatitis A virus (HAV) among adults in Pakistan, highlighting a shift in the virus's epidemiology. Once primarily a childhood disease in low-income regions, HAV is now increasingly affecting adults, also seen globally due to improved sanitation. The study highlights public health challenges from adult HAV infections, which can lead to complications like coagulopathy and acute liver failure. It also has limitations, including being a single-center study and lacking seroprevalence and socioeconomic data, indicating the need for further research. This letter calls for urgent public health measures to extend adult vaccination programs and improve sanitation to address the increasing HAV infection in adult populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"102519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of substance use on rising hepatitis A hospitalizations in the United States: A decade-long comparative study.","authors":"Vinay Jahagirdar, Misha Gautam, Waqas Rasheed, Hanna Blaney, Hassam Ali, Hassan Ghoz","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.97421","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.97421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection remains the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis globally. In the United States, recent outbreaks have been attributed primarily to person-to-person transmission, with vulnerable populations such as people who use illicit drugs, those experiencing homelessness, and men who have sex with men disproportionately affected.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the trends in HAV hospitalizations over the past decade and evaluate the impact of substance use on these hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2011 to 2020. Adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of HAV infection were included. We identified active substance use as a secondary diagnosis. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and propensity score matching to compare HAV hospitalizations with and without substance use. Outcomes included hospitalization trends, complications, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2011 to 2020, there were 56972 hospitalizations for HAV infections. Hospitalizations increased from 3917 in 2011 to 8290 in 2020, peaking at 9800 in 2018. Caucasian males (55%) were the most affected, with a mean age of 49 years. The prevalence of active substance use among HAV hospitalizations was 27%, with these patients being younger (mean age: 39 years) and predominantly male (63.1%). HAV hospitalizations associated with substance use increased significantly, rising from 235 cases in 2011 to 3200 in 2020 (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Compared to HAV hospitalizations without substance use, those with substance use had higher rates of co-infections (hepatitis C virus 45% <i>vs</i> 11%, hepatitis B virus 11% <i>vs</i> 6%) and complications, including sepsis (1.9% <i>vs</i> 1%) and infective endocarditis (1.4% <i>vs</i> 0.15%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Hospitalizations with substance use also had longer LOS (4.34 days <i>vs</i> 3.97 days, <i>P</i> < 0.05), but mortality rates were comparable. Predictors of mortality in HAV-substance use hospitalizations included acute liver failure, sepsis, and acute respiratory failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HAV hospitalizations in the United States have significantly increased over the past decade, with the rise driven by cases involving substance use. These patients face a higher burden of complications and healthcare utilization. Tailored public health strategies, including targeted vaccination and outreach programs for at-risk populations, are essential to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with HAV.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"97421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New frontiers in sickle cell disease: The role of antiviral therapies and emerging drugs in managing viral infections.","authors":"Tarun Sahu, Arunita Tushar Jagzape, Meenakshi Sinha, Ramanjan Sinha, Henu Kumar Verma","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.101693","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that predisposes affected individuals to a range of complications, including an increased susceptibility to viral infections. These infections present significant clinical challenges due to the underlying immunocompromised state in SCD patients. This review examines the interaction between viral infections and SCD, highlighting the vulnerabilities and the impact of these infections on morbidity and mortality in this population. Advances in antiviral therapies have significantly improved outcomes, yet managing viral infections in SCD patients requires special consideration due to drug-to-drug interactions, altered pharmacokinetics, and the potential exacerbation of SCD-related complications. Additionally, vaccination strategies against viral infections and the emerging role of prophylactic antiviral treatments are discussed as critical components of infection prevention. By focusing on both established and novel antiviral treatments, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in managing viral infections in patients with SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"101693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of lumbar puncture and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease who screened for serum cryptococcal-antigen in Africa.","authors":"Haji Mbwana Ally, Hafidha Mhando Bakari, Jackline Vicent Mbishi, Zuhura Mbwana Ally, Mariam Salim Mbwana, Lynn Moshi, Rahma Musoke, Swalehe Mustafa Salim, Hassan Fredrick Fussi, Aboubakar Omar Mustafa, John Bartlet, Habib Omari Ramadhani","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.106973","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.106973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends lumbar puncture (LP) procedures to assess the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease (AHD) with positive serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) and do not have evidence of CM.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To estimate pooled prevalence of uptake of LP, CM and mortality among patients with AHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024. LP uptake was defined as percentage of people who underwent LP procedures among those with AHD (CD4 ≤ 200 cells/mm³ or WHO stage III/IV) and positive serum CrAg. Using random effects models, we computed the pooled estimate of LP uptake, CM and mortality and 95%CI. Stratified analyses were used to compare uptake of LP between studies that involved multiple <i>vs</i> single sites, and mortality analyses between patients with positive and negative serum CrAg were performed. Sensitivity analysis on LP uptake was done by excluding prospective cohort studies that reported 100% uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 studies with 46890 people with AHD screened for serum CrAg and 2730 (5.8%) had positive serum CrAg. Overall, pooled prevalence of LP uptake was 67.7% (95%CI: 54.0-81.5). The overall pooled prevalence of CM was 54.3% (95%CI: 39.7-69.0), and mortality was 6.2% (95% CI: 4.5-8.0). There is disparities in the pooled prevalence of LP uptake with studies involving multiple sites having lower prevalence compared to those that involved single sites (54.8% <i>vs</i> 84.7%, <i>P</i> = 0.004). By excluding prospective cohort studies that reported 100% uptake, the overall LP uptake was 54.5% (95%CI: 38.8-70.1). The pooled prevalence of CM was significantly lower among studies that involved multiple sites compared to those that involved single sites (6.8% <i>vs</i> 8.1%, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Mortality was significantly twice as high among patients who had positive serum CrAg compared to those who had negative serum CrAg [risk ratio = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.6-2.5), <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly three to five in 10 people with AHD with positive serum CrAg did not have LP procedures done, indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with CM. Establishing a confirmed diagnosis of CM is critical to avoid exposing patients to subtherapeutic levels of antifungals preemptively. Capacity to perform LP and patient refusals are among the reasons for not performing the procedure. Capacity building in training health care providers to perform LP procedures and professional counselling to obtain patient consent are critical for appropriate treatment to reduce mortality associated with CM infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"106973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 management in patients with comorbid conditions.","authors":"Adekunle Sanyaolu, Chuku Okorie, Aleksandra Marinkovic, Stephanie Prakash, Vyshnavy Balendra, Amine Lehachi, Abu Fahad Abbasi, Nafees Haider, Amos Abioye, Verner N Orish, Afolabi Antonio, Olanrewaju Badaru, Rajashree Pandit, Ricardo Izurieta","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.102674","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.102674","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes serious respiratory illness and related disorders. Vulnerable populations, including those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and the elderly, face an increased risk of severe complications. As the pandemic evolves, various diagnostic techniques are available to detect severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), including clinical presentation, rapid antigen/antibody testing, molecular testing, supplemental laboratory analysis, and imaging. Based on peer-reviewed data, treatment options include convalescent plasma transfusion, corticosteroids, antivirals, and immunomodulatory medications. Convalescent plasma therapy, historically used in outbreaks like Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola, and SARS, is suggested by the World Health Organization for critically ill COVID-19 patients when vaccines or antiviral drugs are unavailable. Neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma help control viral load and improve patient outcomes, especially when administered early, though effectiveness varies. The United States Food and Drug Administration has authorized its emergency use for severe COVID-19 cases, but potential risks such as transfusion reactions and transfusion-related acute lung injury require further investigation to establish definitive efficacy. Antiviral agents like Remdesivir, an adenosine nucleotide analog, inhibit viral RNA polymerase and have shown efficacy in reducing COVID-19 severity, leading to its emergency use authorization for hospitalized patients. Other antivirals like ritonavir, lopinavir, and umifenovir disrupt viral replication and entry, but their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 remains under investigation. Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, has been used in critically ill COVID-19 patients to reduce inflammation and prevent respiratory failure, as shown in the RECOVERY trial. Other immunosuppressants like ruxolitinib, baricitinib, and colchicine help modulate the immune response, reducing cytokine storms and inflammation-related complications. However, corticosteroids carry risks such as hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, and delayed viral clearance, requiring careful administration. Systematic reviews of clinical studies revealed that hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin did not decrease viral load nor reduce the severity of symptoms, but increased mortality among acutely hospitalized patients. There was no improvement in patients' clinical conditions after 15 days compared to standard treatment. The United States Food and Drug Administration has revoked the authorization for the use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients due to the null benefit-risk balance. Monoclonal antibodies like itolizumab, gimsilumab, sarilumab, and tocilizumab are being studied for their ability to reduce the severe inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients, particularly cytokine release syndr","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"102674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of COVID-19 infection among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar Abhilash, Mathew Varghese Nellimootil, Binila Chacko, Darpanarayan Hazra, Victor Coelho, John Emmanuel Jesudasan, Karthik Gunasekaran, Lovely Thomas, More Atul Ramchandra, Jonathan Melchizedek, Henah Meshack Gunaraj, Mahesh Moorthy, John Victor Peter","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.99663","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.99663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the initial stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) who were immunologically naive to COVID-19, were exposed to a highly transmissible virus.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare infection risk among HCWs in high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed clinical infection and samples for nucleocapsid, and spike protein antibodies were collected at five time-points (T1 to T5) from HCWs in the emergency department and intensive care unit (HR group) and pre-clinical and para-clinical areas (LR). For the sero-study, only participants who provided at least one baseline sample and one during the second wave (T4 or T5) were analysed. Since Covishield^TM elicits only spike protein antibodies, subclinical infection was diagnosed if asymptomatic unvaccinated and Covishield^TM vaccinated individuals tested positive for nucleocapsid antibody.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, by T5, clinical infection rate was similar in the HR (120/366, 32.8%) and LR (22/82, 26.8%) groups (<i>P</i> = 0.17). However, before vaccination (T3), more HCWs in the HR group developed COVID-19 infection (21.9% <i>vs</i> 8.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.046). In the sero-study group, clinical infection occurred in 31.5% (45/143) and 23.7% (14/59) in the HR and LR groups respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.23). Spike antibody was detected in 140/143 (97.9%) and 56/59 (94.9%) and nucleocapsid antibody was positive in 95/143 (66.4%) and 35/59 (59.3%) in the HR and LR groups respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.34). Subclinical infection rate (HR 34.9%, LR 35.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.37) and hospitalization rate were similar. There was no mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Before vaccination, HCWs in HR areas had a higher risk of infection. Seroprevalence studies suggest that sub-clinical infection was not uncommon.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"99663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining rhabdomyolysis-related acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients and its comparison to other acute kidney injury types.","authors":"Liyan Ajit D Souza, Abdulqadir J Nashwan","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.100986","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is characterized by disrupting muscle cells and releasing intracellular components into circulation. Some symptoms associated with RM include muscle weakness, discolored urine, and myalgia. RM can be caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causing exaggerated immune response leading to muscle damage. Acute kidney injury (AKI), when presented with RM, leads to increased mortality. Examining RM-related AKI and its comparison to other AKI types in COVID-19 patients could improve the management of viral infections developing RM and AKI. RM potentially complicated COVID-19 infection course and is a major etiology of AKI. RM-related AKI had higher severity and mortality than other AKI types, with increased hypercoagulopathy and inflammatory markers. Findings also express procalcitonin use in follow-ups with severe COVID-19 patients. Study limitations include small sample size, absence of kidney biopsies, and focus on the first wave of the pandemic, which should be addressed in future research to generate accurate and relevant findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"100986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and demographic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 infections within early Omicron cluster, Western Sri Lanka.","authors":"Nipuni Arachchige, Ramesha Dharmasiri, Achini Weerathunga, Shehan Senanayake, Nadeeka Janage, Rohitha Muthugala","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.106108","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.106108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) raised global concerns with its highly transmissible nature.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the genomic, clinical, and demographic characteristics of Omicron infections within the early outbreak cluster in western part of Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed sequence data from January 2022 to April 2022 to understand variant dynamics, clinical presentation, and demographic associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing of 85 nasopharyngeal and throat swab samples collected in western part of Sri Lanka between January and April 2022 identified 70 (82.34%) of it as Omicron variants. BA.2 was the most prevalent sub-lineage (57%), followed by BA.1.1 (14.20%) and majority of them were from > 12 years old individuals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering into four distinct clades (21I, 21K, 21L, and 21M), suggesting potential differences in transmission chains or evolutionary pressures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found BA.2 to be the predominant Omicron sub-lineage in the western part of Sri Lanka during the first quarter of 2022, aligning with global trends. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse introductions and local transmission. Continued genomic surveillance and robust public health measures remain crucial for managing the evolving SARS-CoV-2 landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"106108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic efficacy of phages along with vancomycin for eradication of vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> biofilms.","authors":"Minakshi Sahu, Ranjeet Kumar Vishwakarma, Subhash Lal Karn, Gopal Nath","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.95826","DOIUrl":"10.5501/wjv.v14.i2.95826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The upsurge of antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge to public health, and the dry pipeline of new antibiotics has prompted the discovery of alternative treatment approaches. <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>) isolates are often multidrug-resistant, posing challenges to antibiotic therapy. Bacteriophage therapy is being explored as an alternative method to treat the growing population of antibiotic-resistant infections. Nevertheless, many inherent limitations of phages diminish their therapeutic utility, notably the restricted host range and quick development of mutants. The specific types and quantities of bacteriophages and antibiotics may be crucial in generating the optimal phage-antibiotic synergy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To optimize the doses, order, and timing to optimize the synergy of phages and vancomycin on different bacteria states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A volume of 180 μL of <i>E. faecalis</i> bacteria in the logarithmic growth phase, with a concentration of approximately 1 × 10⁸ colony forming units (CFUs)/mL, was introduced onto a microtitre plate. Subsequently, 20 μL of phage suspension (1 × 10⁶ PFUs/mL), vancomycin (16 µg/mL), or a combination of both was introduced into the designated wells in the specified sequence and incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. The number of live bacteria was counted at different time points using standardized CFU counting protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biofilm model demonstrated that combining phages with vancomycin can eradicate the biofilm. Sequential therapy, involving phage application 8 hours before the antibiotic at a concentration of 10⁸ PFUs/mL, proved the most efficient in eliminating the biofilms and killing the planktonic form of <i>E. faecalis.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of phage ɸEFP01 at a higher concentration with a subinhibitory concentration of vancomycin yields a synergistic antibacterial outcome on <i>E. faecalis</i> strain resistant to vancomycin.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"14 2","pages":"95826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12188910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}