理学最新文献

{"title":"Continuous evolution of Fermi arcs in a minimal ideal photonic Weyl medium","authors":"Yachao Liu, Mingwei Wang, Yongqing Huang, Guo Ping Wang, Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01632-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01632-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Propagation properties of electromagnetic waves in an optical medium are mainly determined by the contour of equal-frequency states in <span>({boldsymbol{k}})</span>-space. In photonic Weyl media, the topological surface waves lead to a unique open arc of the equal-frequency contour, called the Fermi arc. However, for most realistic Weyl systems, the shape of Fermi arcs is fixed due to the constant impedance of the surrounding medium, making it difficult to manipulate the surface wave. Here we demonstrate that by adjusting the thickness of the air layer sandwiched between two photonic Weyl media, the shape of the Fermi arc can be continuously changed from convex to concave. Moreover, we show that the concave Fermi-arc waves can be used to achieve topologically protected electromagnetic pulling forces over a broad range of angles in the air layer. Our finding offers a generally applicable strategy to shape the Fermi arc in photonic Weyl media.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser solid-phase synthesis of graphene shell-encapsulated high-entropy alloy nanoparticles","authors":"Yuxiang Liu, Jianghuai Yuan, Jiantao Zhou, Kewen Pan, Ran Zhang, Rongxia Zhao, Lin Li, Yihe Huang, Zhu Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01614-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01614-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) offers new opportunities to develop functional materials in widespread applications. Although some methods have successfully produced HEA NPs, these methods generally require rigorous conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, restricted atmosphere, and limited substrates, which impede practical viability. In this work, we report laser solid-phase synthesis of CrMnFeCoNi nanoparticles by laser irradiation of mixed metal precursors on a laser-induced graphene (LIG) support with a 3D porous structure. The CrMnFeCoNi nanoparticles are embraced by several graphene layers, forming graphene shell-encapsulated HEA nanoparticles. The mechanisms of the laser solid-phase synthesis of HEA NPs on LIG supports are investigated through theoretical simulation and experimental observations, in consideration of mixed metal precursor adsorption, thermal decomposition, reduction through electrons from laser-induced thermionic emission, and liquid beads splitting. The production rate reaches up to 30 g/h under the current laser setup. The laser-synthesized graphene shell-encapsulated CrMnFeCoNi NPs loaded on LIG-coated carbon paper are used directly as 3D binder-free integrated electrodes and exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 293 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm² and exceptional stability over 428 h in alkaline media, outperforming the commercial RuO₂ catalyst and the relevant catalysts reported by other methods. This work also demonstrates the versatility of this technique through the successful synthesis of CrMnFeCoNi oxide, sulfide, and phosphide nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahigh-resolution, high-fidelity quantum dot pixels patterned by dielectric electrophoretic deposition","authors":"Chengzhao Luo, Yanhui Ding, Zhenwei Ren, Chenglong Wu, Yonghuan Huo, Xin Zhou, Zhiyong Zheng, Xinwen Wang, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01601-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01601-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high pixel resolution is emerging as one of the key parameters for the next-generation displays. Despite the development of various quantum dot (QD) patterning techniques, achieving ultrahigh-resolution (&gt;10,000 pixels per inch (PPI)) and high-fidelity QD patterns is still a tough challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. Here, we propose a novel and effective approach of orthogonal electric field-induced template-assisted dielectric electrophoretic deposition to successfully achieve one of the highest pixel resolutions of 23090 (PPI) with a high fidelity of up to 99%. Meanwhile, the proposed strategy is compatible with the preparation of QD pixels based on perovskite CsPbBr₃ and conventional CdSe QDs, exhibiting a wide applicability for QD pixel fabrication. Notably, we further demonstrate the great value of our approach to achieve efficiently electroluminescent QD pixels with a peak external quantum efficiency of 16.5%. Consequently, this work provides a general approach for realizing ultrahigh-resolution and high-fidelity patterns based on various QDs and a novel method for fabricating QD-patterned devices with high performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-volatile photonic-electronic memory via 3D monolithic ferroelectric-silicon ring resonator","authors":"Hang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01625-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01625-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel non-volatile photonic-electronic memory, 3D integrating an Al-doped HfO₂ ferroelectric thin film onto a silicon photonic platform using fully compatible electronic and photonic fabrication processes, enables electrically/optically programmable, non-destructively readable, and multi-level storage functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From West to East: Professor Pavlos Savvidis’ Quest for Light","authors":"Ji Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01616-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01616-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As early as about 2400 years ago, Mozi (original name Mo Di, Latinized as Micius), an ancient Chinese scientist, proposed the theory of pinhole imaging that demonstrates the fundamental principle of light behavior. About 700 years ago, Marco Polo, an Italian explorer, traveled to China along the Silk Road, marveled at the economic prosperity and the advanced technology of Hangzhou City in China, and described Hangzhou as “the most beautiful and splendid city in the world”. About 5 years ago, with the support of the China-proposed Belt-and-Road Initiative, it was in Hangzhou City that Professor Pavlos Savvidis, an Armenian-born Greek physicist, chose to work with more of his Chinese counterparts and took on the challenge of building a new research laboratory on quantum optoelectronics. He used to study and work in the UK, the USA, and Greece, but now in New China’s first new type of research university supported by the society—Westlake University. Traveling from West to East, traversing from one civilization to another, Professor Pavlos Savvidis delves into his unwavering quest for light in this issue of “Light People”, and discusses his tireless pursuit of excellence in the field of optoelectronics, which has garnered him widespread citation, recognition, and contribution to the global scientific community.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bright compact ultrabroadband source by orthogonal laser-sustained plasma","authors":"Zhaojiang Shi, Shichao Yang, He Hu, Haodong Lei, Zhaohua Yang, Xia Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01602-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01602-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laser-sustained plasma (LSP) source featuring high brightness and broadband spectral coverage is found to be powerful in various fields of scientific and industrial applications. However, the fundamental limit of low conversion efficiency constrains the system compactness and widespread applications of such broadband light sources. In this paper, we propose an innovative orthogonal LSP to break through the conversion efficiency limitation. Driven by the elevated conversion efficiency from absorbed laser power to ultraviolet (UV) emission, a compact broadband source (250–1650 nm) with UV spectral radiance exceeding 210 <span>({mW}/({{mm}}^{2},cdot, {sr},cdot, {nm}))</span> is achieved with &gt;100 W pump laser. With the plot of a two-dimensional refractive index model, we report an important conceptual advance that the orthogonal design eliminates the influence of the negative lensing effect on laser power density. Experimental results unambiguously demonstrate that we achieve a bright compact UV-VIS-NIR source with negligible thermal loss and the highest conversion efficiency to our knowledge. Significant enhancement of 4 dB contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in spectral single-pixel imaging has been demonstrated using the proposed ultrabroadband source. By establishing the quantitative link between pumping optics design and plasma absorption, this work presents a compact broadband source that combines superior conversion efficiency and unprecedented brightness, which is essential to high-speed inspection and spectroscopy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A material change for ultra-high precision force sensing","authors":"Christopher Perrella, Kishan Dholakia","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01626-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01626-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An original form of photonic force microscope has been developed. Operating with a trapped lanthanide-doped crystal of nanometric dimensions, a minimum detected force of the order of 110 aN and a force sensitivity down to 1.8 fN/<span>(sqrt{{rm{Hz}}})</span> have been realised. This opens up new prospects for force sensing in the physical sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-dimensional photonic crystal enhancing spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion for single-particle tracking","authors":"Mingchuan Huang, Qiankun Chen, Yang Liu, Chi Zhang, Rongjin Zhang, Junhua Yuan, Douguo Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-024-01623-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-024-01623-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-particle tracking (SPT) is an immensely valuable technique for studying a variety of processes in the life sciences and physics. It can help researchers better understand the positions, paths, and interactions of single objects in systems that are highly dynamic or require imaging over an extended time. Here, we propose an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC) that enhances spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion for three-dimensional (3D) SPTs. This well-designed 1D PC can work as a substrate for optical microscopy. We introduce this effect into the interferometric scattering (iSCAT) technique, resulting in a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). DH-PSF provides more uniform Fisher information for 3D position estimation than the PSFs of conventional microscopy, such as encoding the axial position of a single particle in the angular orientation of DH-PSF lobes, thus providing a means for 3D SPT. This approach can address the challenge of iSCAT in 3D SPT because DH-PSF iSCAT will not experience multiple contrast inversions when a single particle travels along the axial direction. DH-PSF iSCAT microscopy was used to record the 3D trajectory of a single microbead attached to the flagellum, facilitating precise analysis of fluctuations in motor dynamics. Its ability to track single nanoparticles, such as 3D diffusion trajectories of 20 nm gold nanoparticles in glycerol solution, was also demonstrated. The DH-PSF iSCAT technique enabled by a 1D PC holds potential promise for future applications in physical, biological, and chemical science.</p>","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based vaccines against viral hepatitis: A panoptic review.","authors":"Devanathan Reka, Chandrashekaran Girish","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.97162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.97162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis; however, the need for cost-effective, easily distributable, and needle-free vaccine alternatives has led to the exploration of plant-based vaccines. Plant-based techniques offer a promising avenue for producing viral hepatitis vaccines due to their low-cost cultivation, scalability, and the potential for oral administration. This review highlights the successful expression of hepatitis B surface antigens in plants and the subsequent formation of virus-like particles, which have shown immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical trials. The challenges such as achieving sufficient antigen expression levels, ensuring consistent dosing, and navigating regulatory frameworks, are addressed. The review considers the potential of plant-based vaccines to meet the demands of rapid vaccine deployment in response to outbreaks and their role in global immunization strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings. This review underscores the significant strides made in plant molecular farming and the potential of plant-based vaccines to complement existing immunization methods against viral hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"97162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis-related acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Ahmet Murt, Mehmet Riza Altiparmak","doi":"10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.91107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.91107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral and bacterial infections may be complicated by rhabdomyolysis, which has a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities to life-threatening conditions such as renal failure. Direct viral injury as well as inflammatory responses may cause rhabdomyolysis in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). When presented with acute kidney injury (AKI), rhabdomyolysis may be related to higher morbidity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare rhabdomyolysis-related AKI with other AKIs during COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 115 patients with COVID-19 who had AKI were evaluated retrospectively. Fifteen patients had a definite diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis (<i>i.e.</i>, creatine kinase levels increased to > 5 times the upper normal range with a concomitant increase in transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase). These patients were aged 61.0 ± 19.1 years and their baseline creatinine levels were 0.87 ± 0.13 mg/dL. Patients were treated according to national COVID-19 treatment guidelines. They were compared with patients with COVID-19 who had AKI due to other reasons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For patients with rhabdomyolysis, creatinine reached 2.47 ± 1.17 mg/dL during follow-up in hospital. Of these patients, 13.3% had AKI upon hospital admission, and 86.4% developed AKI during hospital follow-up. Their peak C-reactive protein reached as high as 253.2 ± 80.6 mg/L and was higher than in patients with AKI due to other reasons (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Peak ferritin and procalcitonin levels were also higher for patients with rhabdomyolysis (<i>P</i> = 0.02 and <i>P</i> = 0.002, respectively). The mortality of patients with rhabdomyolysis was calculated as 73.3%, which was higher than in other patients with AKI (18.1%) (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rhabdomyolysis was present in 13.0% of the patients who had AKI during COVID-19 infection. Rhabdomyolysis-related AKI is more proinflammatory and has a more mortal clinical course.</p>","PeriodicalId":61903,"journal":{"name":"世界病毒学杂志(英文版)","volume":"13 3","pages":"91107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}