理学最新文献

{"title":"Background-free quantitative phase imaging with adaptive-optics surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy","authors":"Siqing Dai, Mengmeng Zhang, Yushan Shen, Haoyu Xu, Li Ren, Hua Lu, Jiwei Zhang, Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus, Jianlin Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02362-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02362-x","url":null,"abstract":"Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) in the near field is a powerful tool for visualizing nanoscale structures in low-dimensional materials, dielectric mixtures and biological cells. Although near-field QPI offers extremely high sensitivity, phase aberrations of the optical system can pose serious limitations. Overcoming these problems, we introduce an adaptive optics approach that takes advantage of the complex amplitude measured by digital holographic microscopy (DHM). By using a spatial light modulator as a beam shaping device, our method allows for in-situ, accurate, fast and flexible aberration correction by quantifying wavefront distortions in terms of Zernike modes, and pre-compensating them with a spatial light modulator. For validation, we demonstrate near-field phase imaging with adaptive-optics surface plasmon resonance holographic microscopy (AO-SPRHM) on microstructured test samples and live cells. With a total correction time below 1 s, background-free time-lapse imaging over many hours becomes feasible. The approach can be easily transferred to other phase imaging techniques, including transmission, reflection and total internal reflection DHM as well as related modalities.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcriptomic map of ligand-receptor interactions within bovine antral follicles predicts intrafollicular factors for improving oocyte quality.","authors":"Zhaochen Wang, Zhenni Zhang, Yawen Tang, Jian Cui, Meiqiang Chu, Jianhui Tian, Yinjuan Wang, Lei An","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01469-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01469-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ovarian follicle is an enclosed microenvironment that ensures oocyte growth and maturation, making it essential for female fertility. Normal folliculogenesis development and oocyte maturation strictly rely on orchestrated intercellular interactions among the mural granulosa cells (MGCs), cumulus cells (CCs), and the oocyte within antral follicles. Despite the importance, how these cell populations communicate remains largely unknown. Due to this knowledge gap, current oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) systems fail to fully replicate the physiological follicular microenvironment due to the lack of MGC regulation, leading to poor oocyte quality and lower success rates of assisted reproductive technologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RNA-seq was performed on MGCs, CCs, and oocytes isolated from single bovine antral follicles at different developmental stages (3-5 mm, 6-8 mm and 9-12 mm). Using a ligand-receptor interaction scoring strategy, we constructed a dynamic intrafollicular interaction map. We revealed that MGCs are the most active cell type, acting as either secretors or receivers, based on the number of ligands and receptors it expresses, as well as the number of interaction pairs it establishes with other cell types. Intriguingly, intrafollicular crosstalk exhibits spatiotemporal commonality, characterized by shared ligand-receptor usage and potential functional redundancy across cell types and stages. Notably, the intrafollicular communication map enables the prediction of MGC-secreted factors that can improve the oocyte quality after IVM. Based on the predicted candidate factors, we have confirmed that supplementation with pleiotrophin (PTN) significantly improved in vitro matured oocyte quality and subsequent embryonic development. In addition, we also revealed significant heterogeneity at single-follicle resolution, unhealthy follicles showed aberrant activation or loss of partial core interaction signaling, supporting the hypothesis that these interactions play a critical role in determining follicular fate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By reconstructing a map of intrafollicular interactions, our study provides novel insights and important clues for understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms that fine-tune antral folliculogenesis. We also offer a roadmap for predicting candidate factors that can be used for optimizing mammalian in vitro embryo production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148450788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous formation and optical manipulation of a woven domain fabric in a ferroelectric crystal","authors":"Feifei Xin, Yehonatan Gelkop, Ewout van der Veer, Beatriz Noheda, Ludovica Falsi, Guoquan Zhang, Fang Bo, Aharon J. Agranat, Eugenio DelRe","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02374-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02374-7","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in ferroelectric materials, including engineered thin films and solid solutions, have enabled reliable photonic memory devices using switchable polarization states, providing fast, non-volatile, and energy-efficient optical data storage. Moreover, the ability to optically manipulate these encoded domain structures allows precise, reconfigurable light control, further enhancing photonic memory performance and versatility. We report the first observation of a robust, woven fabric of interlaced domains that spontaneously forms in bulk KTN:Li as it undergoes the ferroelectric phase transition, and demonstrate its local manipulation using focused light. The braided domain structure emerges as an extended irregular topologically-protected defect with an embedded distribution of locked-in charged domain walls, activation points that allow site-by-site manipulation using visible laser. Our discovery of woven fabric that can be optically addressed introduces a new route to achieve extended solid-state topologically-protected photonic memory.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap in flat optics: the dawn of partially nonlocal metasurfaces","authors":"Jingxuan Wei, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02397-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02397-0","url":null,"abstract":"Overcoming the traditional trade-off between spatial control and high quality factors, a new class of multifunctional photonic crystals bridges the gap between local and nonlocal light manipulation. This work opens a new frontier in flat optics: the realm of partially nonlocal metasurfaces, paving the way for advanced imaging, communication, and analog optical computing.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148432425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional additives in fishmeal-replaced aquafeeds: precision strategies for sustainable aquaculture.","authors":"Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Hongyun Zhang, Yaobin Ma, Yang Liu, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Lin Feng","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01463-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01463-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture serves as a critical pillar of global food security and human nutrition by providing high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, and efficient feed conversion while minimizing land use. However, its rapid expansion depends heavily on stable supplies of high-quality protein sources, particularly fishmeal (FM), which faces growing instability due to climate change and overfishing. While sustainable alternative protein sources like plant and insect proteins have been explored, high inclusion levels often impair growth and health in aquatic animals, partly due to poor palatability, amino acid (AA) imbalances, low digestibility, and antinutritional factors (ANFs). Precision strategies, especially functional additives, offer a promising solution by targeting these challenges: attractants enhance palatability, crystalline AAs correct AA imbalances, exogenous enzymes improve digestibility, and functional compounds mitigate health impairments. Although research on functional additives for FM replacement lags behind studies on alternative protein sources, theoretical and experimental evidence confirms their potential. Precisely formulated functional additives not only counteract the drawbacks of alternative protein sources or enable higher substitution ratios, underscoring their innovative role in sustainable aquafeed development. This review highlights the targeted use of functional additives to address appetite suppression, AA imbalances, digestive inefficiencies, and health risks, offering actionable insights for researchers, aquaculture nutritionists, and the feed industry to advance both scientific knowledge and practical FM replacement solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13360246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148439199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of particle morphology and rotation on optical manipulation.","authors":"Weicheng Yi,Yuzhi Shi,Hongfei Jiao,Chengxing Lai,Haiyang Huang,Xinhua Dai,Xiaoyun Gong,Hui Zhang,Qinghua Song,Zhanshan Wang,Zeyong Wei,C T Chan,Cheng-Wei Qiu,Xinbin Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02403-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02403-5","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that nonspherical particles rotate continuously in light beams, with their rotation directions determined by the light spin. Here, we reveal that particle morphology (e.g., size, shape, length, etc.) and rotation angle are vital in influencing light-matter interactions, thereby optical torques (OTs) and forces, especially in a paraxial or slightly defocused optical system. Positive and negative OTs emerge with distinct rotation angles in light fields. Their competition can also freeze the particle's rotation, leading to the stable lateral drift effect. These extraordinary OTs arise from the nonuniformly distributed optical force vectors in the paraxial trapping. Experimentally, we observe positive and negative OTs, and bilateral drift (zero OT) of various particles (e.g., long and short cylinders, triangles, irregular shapes, etc.) under the influence of inverse optical forces and torques. Our works delve into a fascinating domain where morphologies and rotation angles of particles play essential roles in optical manipulation, enriching the fundamental understanding of optical forces and torques.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of dietary protein sources on nitrogen metabolism and ileal microbiota in pigs correlated with amino acid release rates.","authors":"Wenqiang Wang, Wenxuan Zhao, Long Pan, Kaifan Yu, Jing Wang, Weiyun Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01461-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01461-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary protein source is one of the primary factors influencing host nitrogen metabolism and intestinal microbiota. However, conventional diet formulations primarily focus on overall nutritional levels, overlooking the differences in amino acid release rates among various protein sources. This study investigates how different protein sources affect nitrogen metabolism and gut microbiota in finishing pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The corn-soybean meal diet served as the control (SBM). Fish meal and rapeseed meal isonitrogenously replaced 50% of soybean meal to formulate FM and RPM diets. Twenty-four finishing pigs (DLY; 53.40 ± 2.53 kg) were housed individually in metabolic cages, randomly assigned to three groups (n = 8), and fed for 8 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Feeding the three diets had no significant effect on the growth performance of finishing pigs. Compared with SBM and FM, RPM diet significantly increased fecal nitrogen, but reduced urinary nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen and blood ammonia levels, reduced free amino acids in the small intestinal chyme and plasma, downregulated expressions of amino acid transporters, and showed slower in vitro amino acid release, collectively indicating less amino acid release into the small intestinal lumen and consequently less amino acids into the circulation. In addition, compared with the SBM and FM groups, RPM exhibited increased ileal microbial diversity, characterized by lower relative abundances of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and higher relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Turicibacter. Additionally, microbial cell amino acids and microbial cell protein concentrations were significantly reduced in the RPM group. Correlation analysis showed that the amino acid release rate was negatively correlated with fecal nitrogen, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Turicibacter, while positively correlated with urinary nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen, the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, microbial cell protein, and total microbial cell amino acid content.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary protein sources altered host nitrogen metabolism and restructured the ileal microbiota, with the rate of amino acid release appearing to be a key factor associated with these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13355349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new beacon for optics: Light Office in Türkiye and its opening forum.","authors":"Chenzi Guo,Yuhong Bai,Sedat Nizamoğlu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02423-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02423-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Rabi frequency in ultrafast semiconductor lasers: self-starting harmonic frequency combs.","authors":"Carlo Silvestri,Franco Prati,Massimo Brambilla,Mariangela Gioannini,Lorenzo Luigi Columbo","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02342-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02342-1","url":null,"abstract":"Optical frequency combs have become a key research topic in optics and photonics. A peculiar comb state is the Harmonic Frequency Comb (HFC), where optical lines are spaced by integer multiples of the cavity's free spectral range. The spontaneous formation of HFCs has recently been observed in semiconductor lasers with fast gain recovery, such as Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs), although the underlying physical mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we provide a physical interpretation for the formation of HFCs in QCLs, based on a resonance phenomenon between an effective Rabi frequency and a mode of the laser cavity. This is corroborated by the results of the numerical integration of the Effective Semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch Equations (ESMBEs) used to describe the multimode laser dynamics, as well as by the linear stability analysis of the continuous-wave emission.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen-derived Prevotella and Megasphaera elsdenii mitigate methane production through functional modulation of rumen microbial metabolism.","authors":"Banglin He, Beiyi Liu, Xin Wang, Min Xia, Chenglong Ding, Mudasir Nazar, Yanfen Cheng, Dingfu Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s40104-026-01460-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-026-01460-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteric methane (CH₄) production represents a major energy loss in ruminant systems and contributes substantially to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing ruminal propionate production has been proposed as a strategy to redirect metabolic hydrogen away from methanogenesis, although the underlying microbial mechanisms remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four rumen-derived Prevotella strains and one Megasphaera elsdenii strain were isolated, genomically characterized, and evaluated using an in vitro rumen fermentation model. Distinct strain-specific responses were observed. Compared with the control, Prevotella strains RH14 and RH35 significantly reduced CH₄ accumulation at 48 h (P < 0.05), coinciding with lower total gas and carbon dioxide (CO₂) production, whereas RH3, RH27, and RH19 showed CH₄ production comparable to the control. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles showed comparatively smaller differences among treatments, although RH14 maintained relatively greater total VFA and propionate concentrations at later incubation stages. Metagenomic analysis indicated that methane mitigation was associated with reduced relative abundance of methanogenesis-related pathways, particularly hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis (P < 0.05), whereas archaeal community composition remained largely unchanged. However, metagenomic data reflect gene abundance rather than activity and do not directly indicate functional regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate strain-specific effects of rumen-derived bacteria on rumen fermentation and methane production. In particular, Prevotella strains RH14 and RH35 showed potential to mitigate methane formation through functional modulation of microbial metabolism, partially displacing rather than completely eliminating methanogens. These results provide a functional basis for the future development of rumen microbial interventions aimed at improving rumen fermentation efficiency and mitigating enteric methane emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13352736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148426895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}